$reduce

该 $reduce 运算符用于将表达式应用于数组中的每个元素，并将结果累积到单个值中。 此运算符可用于执行需要循环访问数组元素并聚合其值的作。

Syntax

$reduce: {
   input: <array>,
   initialValue: <expression>,
   in: <expression>
}

参数

参数	Description
input	要循环访问的数组。
initialValue	数组迭代开始前设置的初始累积值。
in	一个计算结果为数组中每个元素的累积值的有效表达式。

例子

请考虑商店集合中的这个示例文档。

{
    "_id": "0fcc0bf0-ed18-4ab8-b558-9848e18058f4",
    "name": "First Up Consultants | Beverage Shop - Satterfieldmouth",
    "location": {
        "lat": -89.2384,
        "lon": -46.4012
    },
    "staff": {
        "totalStaff": {
            "fullTime": 8,
            "partTime": 20
        }
    },
    "sales": {
        "totalSales": 75670,
        "salesByCategory": [
            {
                "categoryName": "Wine Accessories",
                "totalSales": 34440
            },
            {
                "categoryName": "Bitters",
                "totalSales": 39496
            },
            {
                "categoryName": "Rum",
                "totalSales": 1734
            }
        ]
    },
    "promotionEvents": [
        {
            "eventName": "Unbeatable Bargain Bash",
            "promotionalDates": {
                "startDate": {
                    "Year": 2024,
                    "Month": 6,
                    "Day": 23
                },
                "endDate": {
                    "Year": 2024,
                    "Month": 7,
                    "Day": 2
                }
            },
            "discounts": [
                {
                    "categoryName": "Whiskey",
                    "discountPercentage": 7
                },
                {
                    "categoryName": "Bitters",
                    "discountPercentage": 15
                },
                {
                    "categoryName": "Brandy",
                    "discountPercentage": 8
                },
                {
                    "categoryName": "Sports Drinks",
                    "discountPercentage": 22
                },
                {
                    "categoryName": "Vodka",
                    "discountPercentage": 19
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "eventName": "Steal of a Deal Days",
            "promotionalDates": {
                "startDate": {
                    "Year": 2024,
                    "Month": 9,
                    "Day": 21
                },
                "endDate": {
                    "Year": 2024,
                    "Month": 9,
                    "Day": 29
                }
            },
            "discounts": [
                {
                    "categoryName": "Organic Wine",
                    "discountPercentage": 19
                },
                {
                    "categoryName": "White Wine",
                    "discountPercentage": 20
                },
                {
                    "categoryName": "Sparkling Wine",
                    "discountPercentage": 19
                },
                {
                    "categoryName": "Whiskey",
                    "discountPercentage": 17
                },
                {
                    "categoryName": "Vodka",
                    "discountPercentage": 23
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}

示例 1：聚合数组值

此查询演示如何用于 $reduce 对数组中 salesByCategory 不同类别的总销售额求和。

db.stores.aggregate([{
    $match: {
        _id: "988d2dd1-2faa-4072-b420-b91b95cbfd60"
    }
}, {
    $project: {
        totalSalesByCategory: {
            $reduce: {
                input: "$sales.salesByCategory.totalSales",
                initialValue: 0,
                in: {
                    $add: ["$$value", "$$this"]
                }
            }
        }
    }
}])

查询返回以下结果。

[
  {
      "_id": "988d2dd1-2faa-4072-b420-b91b95cbfd60",
      "totalSalesByCategory": 149849
  }
]

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