通过

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4 - 探索 JavaScript 搜索代码

  • 项目

在前面的课程中，你已将搜索添加到静态 Web 应用。 本课重点介绍了建立集成的必要步骤。 如果你正在寻找有关如何将搜索集成到 JavaScript 应用的备忘单，本文介绍你需要了解的内容。

azure-search-javascript-samples GitHub 存储库中提供了源代码。

Azure SDK @azure/search-documents

函数应用使用 Azure SDK 进行 Azure AI 搜索：

函数应用使用资源名称、API 密钥和索引名称通过 SDK 向基于云的 Azure AI 搜索 API 进行身份验证。 密码存储在静态 Web 应用设置中，并作为环境变量拉取到函数中。

在配置文件中配置密码

const CONFIG = {
    SearchIndexName: process.env["SearchIndexName"] || "good-books",
    SearchApiQueryKey: process.env["SearchApiKey"] || "",
    SearchServiceName: process.env["SearchServiceName"] || "",
    SearchFacets: process.env["SearchFacets"] || "authors*,language_code", 
}
console.log(CONFIG);
if (!CONFIG.SearchIndexName || !CONFIG.SearchApiQueryKey || !CONFIG.SearchServiceName) throw Error("./config.js::Cognitive Services key is missing");

module.exports = { CONFIG };

Azure Function：搜索目录

搜索 API 采用搜索词并在搜索索引中的文档之间搜索，并返回匹配项的列表。

Azure Function 拉取搜索配置信息并完成查询。

const { app } = require('@azure/functions');
const { CONFIG } = require("../lib/config");
const { readFacets, createFilterExpression } = require('../lib/azure-cognitive-search');
const { SearchClient, AzureKeyCredential } = require("@azure/search-documents");

// Create a SearchClient to send queries
const client = new SearchClient(
    `https://` + CONFIG.SearchServiceName + `.search.windows.net/`,
    CONFIG.SearchIndexName,
    new AzureKeyCredential(CONFIG.SearchApiQueryKey)
);

app.http('search', {
    methods: ['POST'],
    authLevel: 'anonymous',
    handler: async (request, context) => {

        context.log(`Search request for url "${request.url}"`);

        try {

            const body = await request.json();
            console.log(body);

            let q = body.q || "*";
            const top = body.top || 5;
            const skip = parseInt(body.skip || 0);
            const filters = body.filters || undefined;
            const facets = readFacets(CONFIG.SearchFacets);

            const facetNames = Object.keys(facets);
            console.log(facetNames);

            const filtersExpression = (filters && facets) ? createFilterExpression(filters, facets) : undefined;
            console.log(filtersExpression)

            // Creating SearchOptions for query
            let searchOptions = {
                top: top,
                skip: skip,
                includeTotalCount: true,
                facets: facetNames,
                filter: filtersExpression
            };
            console.log(searchOptions);

            // Sending the search request
            const searchResults = await client.search(q, searchOptions);
            console.log(searchResults);

            // Getting results for output
            const output = [];
            for await (const result of searchResults.results) {
                output.push(result);
            }
            console.log(searchResults)

            // Logging search results
            context.log(searchResults.count);

            return {
                headers: {
                    "Content-type": "application/json"
                },
                jsonBody: {
                    count: searchResults.count,
                    results: output,
                    resultsCount: output.length,
                    facets: searchResults.facets,
                    q,
                    top,
                    skip,
                    filters: filters || ''
                }
            };

        } catch (error) {
            return {
                status: 500,
                jsonBody: {
                    innerStatusCode: error.statusCode || error.code,
                    error: error.details || error.message,
                    stack: error.stack
                }
            }
        }
    }
});

客户端：从目录中搜索

通过以下代码在 React 客户端中调用 Azure Function。

import React, { useState } from "react";
import request from "../api";
import CircularProgress from "@mui/material/CircularProgress";
import { useLocation, useNavigate } from "react-router-dom";
import styled from "@emotion/styled";
import Grid from "@mui/material/Grid";
import Stack from "@mui/material/Stack";
import Container from "@mui/material/Container";

import Results from "../components/Results";
import Pager from "../components/Pager";
import Facets from "../components/Facets/Facets";
import SearchBar from "../components/SearchBar";

import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";

const StyledPager = styled(Pager)({
  marginLeft: "auto",
  marginRight: "auto",
  maxWidth: "fit-content",
});
const StyledContainer = styled.div`
  // Uncomment to debug
  // border: 1px solid red;

  // Center body with space around
  margin: 1rem auto;
  margin-top: 5rem;

  min-height: 30em;
  padding-left: 0px;
  padding-right: 0px;
  max-width: 98%;
  outline: 0px;

  display: flex;
`;
const StyledSearchBar = styled(SearchBar)({});
const LeftColumn = styled(Stack)`
  width: 30%;
  border-right: 1px solid #f0f0f0;
  padding: 0 16px 0 16px;
`;

const RightColumn = styled(Container)``;

export default function Search() {
  const location = useLocation();
  const navigate = useNavigate();

  const [currentPage, setCurrentPage] = useState(
    new URLSearchParams(location.search).get("p") ?? 1
  );
  const [searchTerm, setSearchTerm] = useState(
    new URLSearchParams(location.search).get("q") ?? "*"
  );
  const [top] = useState(new URLSearchParams(location.search).get("top") ?? 8);
  const [skip, setSkip] = useState(
    new URLSearchParams(location.search).get("skip") ?? 0
  );
  const [filters, setFilters] = useState([]);
  const [facets, setFacets] = useState({});

  let resultsPerPage = top;

  function setNavigation(q, p) {
    navigate(`/search?q=${q}&p=${p}`);
  }

  function changeCurrentPage(newPage) {
    const newSkip = (newPage - 1) * top;
    setNavigation(searchTerm, newPage);
    setCurrentPage(newPage);
    setSkip(newSkip);
  }

  const fiveMinutes = 1000 * 60 * 5;

  /* eslint-disable no-unused-vars */
  const { data, isLoading, dataUpdatedAt, error } = useQuery({
    queryKey: ["search", searchTerm, top, skip, currentPage, filters, facets],
    //refetchOnMount: false,
    //refetchOnWindowFocus: false,
    //refetchOnReconnect: false,
    enabled: searchTerm !== undefined,
    staleTime: fiveMinutes, // time in milliseconds
    cacheTime: fiveMinutes,
    queryFn: async () => {
      setSkip((currentPage - 1) * top);
      return request("/api/search", "POST", {
        q: searchTerm,
        top: top,
        skip: (currentPage - 1) * top,
        filters: filters,
      }).then((response) => {
        setFacets(response.facets);
        setFilters(response.filters);
        return response;
      });
    },
  });

  const postSearchHandler = (searchTerm) => {
    setNavigation(searchTerm, 1);
    setSearchTerm(searchTerm);
    setCurrentPage(1);
    setSkip(0);
  };

  const updateFilters = (filters) => {
    setFilters(filters);
  };
  return (
    <>
      <StyledContainer>
        <LeftColumn>
          <StyledSearchBar
            navigateToSearchPage={postSearchHandler}
            defaultTerm={searchTerm}
          ></StyledSearchBar>
          <Facets
            facets={facets}
            filters={filters}
            setFilters={updateFilters}
          ></Facets>
        </LeftColumn>
        <RightColumn>
          {isLoading ? (
            <CircularProgress />
          ) : (
            <Grid container>
              <Results
                q={searchTerm}
                documents={data.results}
                top={top}
                skip={skip}
                count={data.count}
              ></Results>
              <StyledPager
                className="pager-style"
                currentPage={currentPage}
                resultCount={data.count}
                resultsPerPage={resultsPerPage}
                setCurrentPage={changeCurrentPage}
              ></StyledPager>
            </Grid>
          )}
        </RightColumn>
      </StyledContainer>
    </>
  );
}

客户端：目录中的分面

此 React 组件包括搜索文本框以及与搜索结果关联的分面。 在加载搜索数据时，需要考虑分面并将其设计为搜索架构的一部分。 然后，在搜索查询中使用分面以及搜索文本，以提供分面导航体验。

import React, { useEffect, useState } from "react";
import { List, Chip } from "@mui/material";
import CheckboxFacet from "./CheckboxFacet";
import styled from "@emotion/styled";

const StyledFacetComponent = styled.div`
  border-right: "1px solid #f0f0f0";
  height: "100%";
`;
const StyledSelectedFacets = styled.div``;
const StyledFacetList = styled(List)`
  margin: "0.25em";
  margin-top: "32px !important";
  padding-left: "36px !important";
`;
export default function Facets(props) {
  const [filters, setFilters] = useState([]);
  const [facets, setFacets] = useState({});

  useEffect(() => {
    setFilters(props.filters);
    setFacets(props.facets);
  }, [props.filters, props.facets]);

  // Change facet name to be more readable
  // e.g. "author" -> "Author"
  // e.g. "publication_year" -> "Publication Year"
  function mapFacetName(facetName) {
    facetName =
      `${facetName[0].toUpperCase()}${facetName.substring(1)}`.replace(
        "_",
        " "
      ) || ``;
    return facetName;
  }

  function addFilter(name, value) {
    const newFilters = filters.concat({ field: name, value: value });
    props.setFilters(newFilters);
  }

  function removeFilter(filter) {
    const newFilters = filters.filter((item) => item.value !== filter.value);
    props.setFilters(newFilters);
  }

  return (
    <StyledFacetComponent>
      <StyledSelectedFacets>
        <List>
          {filters.map((filter, index) => {
            return (
              <Chip
                key={index}
                label={`${mapFacetName(filter.field)}: ${filter.value}`}
                onDelete={() => removeFilter(filter)}
              />
            );
          })}
        </List>
      </StyledSelectedFacets>
      <StyledFacetList>
        {Object.keys(facets).map((key) => {
          return (
            <CheckboxFacet
              key={key}
              name={key}
              values={facets[key]}
              addFilter={addFilter}
              removeFilter={removeFilter}
              mapFacetName={mapFacetName}
              selectedFacets={filters.filter((f) => f.field === key)}
            />
          );
        })}
      </StyledFacetList>
    </StyledFacetComponent>
  );
}

客户端：目录中的分页

当搜索结果超出少数 (8) 时，@mui/material/TablePagination组件会跨结果提供分页。

import React from "react";
import TablePagination from "@mui/material/TablePagination";
import styled from "@emotion/styled";

const StyledTablePagination = styled(TablePagination)`
margin: auto;
max-width: fit-content;
border-bottom: 0;
`;

export default function Pager(props) {
  const pagesInResultSet = Math.round(props.resultCount / props.resultsPerPage);
  const moreThanOnePage = pagesInResultSet > 1;

  if (!moreThanOnePage) return <></>;

  const handleChangePage = (event, newPage) => {
    props.setCurrentPage(newPage + 1);
  };
  return (
    <StyledTablePagination
      className="pager"
      align="center"
      component="div"
      count={props.resultCount}
      page={props.currentPage - 1} // zero-based control from material ui
      onPageChange={handleChangePage}
      rowsPerPage={props.resultsPerPage}
      rowsPerPageOptions={[props.resultsPerPage]} // don't display b/c there is a single value
      showFirstButton={true}
      showLastButton={true}
      labelDisplayedRows={({ from, to, count }) =>
        `${props.currentPage} of ${Math.round(
          props.resultCount / props.resultsPerPage
        )} pages`
      }
    />
  );
}

当用户更改页面时，该值将从handleChangePage函数发送到父Search.js页。 该函数向搜索 API 发送同一查询和新页面的新请求。 API 响应更新分面、结果和寻呼组件。

Azure Function：来自目录的建议

在用户键入内容时，建议 API 将使用搜索词，并为搜索索引中的文档建议搜索词（如书籍标题和作者），并返回一个较小的匹配列表。

搜索建议器 sg 在大容量上传期间使用的架构文件中定义。

const { app } = require('@azure/functions');
const { SearchClient, AzureKeyCredential } = require("@azure/search-documents");
const { CONFIG } = require("../lib/config");

// Create a SearchClient to send queries
const client = new SearchClient(
    `https://` + CONFIG.SearchServiceName + `.search.windows.net/`,
    CONFIG.SearchIndexName,
    new AzureKeyCredential(CONFIG.SearchApiQueryKey)
);

app.http('suggest', {
    methods: ['POST'],
    authLevel: 'anonymous',
    handler: async (request, context) => {
        context.log(`Suggester request for url "${request.url}"`);
        try {
            const body = await request.json();
            console.log(`suggest body ${body}`);

            let q = body.q;
            console.log(`suggest q ${q}`)

            const top = body.top;
            console.log(`suggest top ${top}`)

            const suggester = body.suggester;
            console.log(`suggest suggester ${suggester}`)

            if(!body || !q || !top || !suggester){
                console.log(`No suggester found in body`)
                return {
                    status: 404,
                    body: "No suggester found"
                }
            }

            // Let's get the top 5 suggestions for that search term
            const suggestions = await client.suggest(q, suggester, { top: parseInt(top) });
            //const suggestions = await client.autocomplete(q, suggester, {top: parseInt(top)});

            context.log(suggestions);

            return {
                headers: {
                    "Content-type": "application/json"
                },
                jsonBody: { 
                    suggestions: suggestions.results,
                    q, 
                    top,
                    suggester 

                }
            }
        } catch (error) {
            return {
                status: 400,
                jsonBody: {
                    innerStatusCode: error.statusCode || error.code,
                    error: error.details || error.message
                }
            }
        }
    }
});

客户端：来自目录的建议

建议函数 API 在 \src\components\SearchBar\SearchBar.js 中作为组件初始化的一部分在 React 应用中调用：

import React, { useState } from "react";
import request from "../api";
import Button from "@mui/material/Button";
import TextField from "@mui/material/TextField";
import Autocomplete from "@mui/material/Autocomplete";
import styled from "@emotion/styled";

import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";

const StyledContainer = styled.div`
  display: flex;
  flex-flow: row wrap;
  justify-content: space-evenly;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1em;
  margin-top: 1em;
`;

const StyledAutoComplete = styled(Autocomplete)`
  width: 80%;
`;

const StyledButton = styled(Button)`
  max-height: 40px;
`;

export default function SearchBar({ navigateToSearchPage, defaultTerm = "" }) {

  const [q, setQ] = useState(defaultTerm);
  const [suggestions, setSuggestions] = useState([]);

  const top = 5;
  const suggester = "sg";

  /* eslint-disable no-unused-vars */
  const { data, isLoading, error } = useQuery({
    queryKey: ["suggest", q, top, suggester],
    refetchOnMount: true,
    enabled: q.length > 0,
    queryFn: async () => {
      if (q.length > 0) {
        return request("/api/suggest", "POST", {
          q,
          top,
          suggester,
        }).then((response) => {
          let i = 0;
          const autoCompleteOptions = response.suggestions.map(
            (suggestion) => ({ id: i++, label: suggestion.text })
          );
          setSuggestions(autoCompleteOptions);
          return response;
        });
      }
    },
  });

  const onFormSubmit = () => {
    if (navigateToSearchPage) {
      navigateToSearchPage(q);
    }
  };

  function hasLabelValue (option){
    return (
      option !== undefined &&
      option !== null &&
      option.label !== undefined &&
      option.label !== null
    );
  }

  return (
    <StyledContainer onSubmit={onFormSubmit}>
      <StyledAutoComplete
        key="autocomplete"
        freeSolo // accepts both entered text or selected suggestion
        autoSelect // text in box selected
        autoFocus="autoFocus"
        filterOptions={(x) => x}
        options={suggestions}
        value={q}
        noOptionsText="What are you looking for?"
        onChange={
          (e, value, reason) => setQ(value?.label || "")
        }
        onInputChange={(e, newValue, reason) => {
          if (newValue) {
            setQ(newValue);
          }
        }}
        getOptionLabel={(option) => hasLabelValue(option) ? option.label : q}
        // set key to force re-render when q changes
        renderOption={(props, option) => {
          return hasLabelValue(option) ? (
            <li {...props} key={option.id}>
              {option.label}
            </li>
          ) :  (
            <li {...props} key={q}>
              {q}
            </li>
          )
        }}
        renderInput={(params) => (
          <TextField
            {...params}
            variant="outlined"
            label="What are you looking for?"
            onKeyDown={(e) => {
              if (e.code.toLowerCase() === "enter" && e.target.value) {
                onFormSubmit(e.target.value);
              }
            }}
          />
        )}
      />
      <StyledButton
        key="styledbutton"
        variant="contained"
        onClick={onFormSubmit}
      >
        Search
      </StyledButton>
    </StyledContainer>
  );
}

此 React 组件使用@mui/material/Autocomplete组件提供搜索文本框，该文本框还支持显示建议（使用renderInput函数）。 在输入前几个字符后，自动完成开始。 输入每个新字符后，会将其作为查询发送到搜索引擎。 结果显示为简短的建议列表。

此自动完成功能是一项常见功能，但此特定实现还有额外的用例。 客户可以输入文本并从建议中进行选择或提交其输入的文本。 必须跟踪来自建议列表的输入以及文本框中的输入的更改，这会影响表单的呈现方式以及在提交表单时发送到 搜索 API 的内容。

如果搜索用例允许用户仅从建议中进行选择，这将降低控制的复杂性范围，但会限制用户体验。

Azure Function：获取特定文档

查找 API 接受 ID 并从搜索索引中返回文档对象。

const { SearchClient, AzureKeyCredential } = require("@azure/search-documents");
const { app } = require('@azure/functions');
const { CONFIG } = require("../lib/config");

// Create a SearchClient to send queries
const client = new SearchClient(
    `https://` + CONFIG.SearchServiceName + `.search.windows.net/`,
    CONFIG.SearchIndexName,
    new AzureKeyCredential(CONFIG.SearchApiQueryKey)
);

app.http('lookup', {
    methods: ['GET'],
    authLevel: 'anonymous',
    handler: async (request, context) => {
        context.log(`Lookup processed request for url "${request.url}"`);

        try {
            const id = request.query.get('id');
            console.log(id);

            if (!id) {
                return {
                    status: 404
                }
            }

            const document = await client.getDocument(id);

            return { jsonBody: { document: document } };

        } catch (error) {
            return {
                status: 400,
                jsonBody: {
                    innerStatusCode: error.statusCode || error.code,
                    error: error.details || error.message
                }
            }
        }
    }
});

客户端：获取特定文档

此函数 API 在 \src\pages\Details\Detail.js 作为组件初始化的一部分在 React 应用程序中调用：

import React, { useState } from "react";
import { useParams } from 'react-router-dom';
import CircularProgress from '@mui/material/CircularProgress';
import Container from '@mui/material/Container';
import request from '../api';
import BookDetailsTab from "../components/BookDetail/DetailPage/booktab";

import {
  useQuery,
} from '@tanstack/react-query'

export default function Details() {

  let { id } = useParams();
  const [document, setDocument] = useState({});

  const lookupRequest = () => request('/api/lookup?id=' + id, "GET").then(response => {
    const doc = response.document;
    setDocument(doc);
    return response
  });

  const fiveMinutes = 1000 * 60 * 5;

    /* eslint-disable no-unused-vars */
  const { data, isLoading, error } = useQuery({
    queryKey: ["lookup", id], 
    queryFn: async() =>  lookupRequest(),
    enabled: id !== undefined,
    staleTime: fiveMinutes, // time in milliseconds
    cacheTime: fiveMinutes,
    //refetchOnMount: false,
    //refetchOnWindowFocus: false,
    //refetchOnReconnect: false,
  });

  return (
    <Container sx = {{
      padding: 4
    }}>
      { isLoading ? <CircularProgress /> : <BookDetailsTab document={document}/>}
      { error && <div>{error}</div> }
    </Container>
   
  );
}

如果客户端应用可以使用预生成的内容，此页面非常适合自动生成，因为内容是静态的，直接从搜索索引中拉取。

后续步骤

本教程系列介绍了如何在 JavaScript 中创建和加载搜索索引，并构建了一个 Web 应用，该应用可提供搜索体验，包括搜索栏、分面导航和筛选器、建议、分页和文档查找。

下一步，可以将此示例扩展到多个方向：