聚合

aggregate 命令用于处理数据记录并返回计算结果。 它对数据执行作,例如筛选、分组和排序,并且可以以各种方式转换数据。 该 aggregate 命令非常通用,通常用于数据分析和报告。

Syntax

db.collection.aggregate(pipeline, options)
  • 管道:处理和转换数据的聚合阶段数组。
  • 选项:可选。 指定聚合的更多选项,例如 explainallowDiskUsecursor

例子

示例 1:按类别计算总销售额

此示例演示如何计算集合中 stores 每个类别的总销售额。

db.stores.aggregate([
  {
    $unwind: "$sales.salesByCategory"
  },
  {
    $group: {
      _id: "$sales.salesByCategory.categoryName",
      totalSales: { $sum: "$sales.salesByCategory.totalSales" }
    }
  }
])

示例输出

[
  { "_id": "Christmas Trees", "totalSales": 3147281 },
  { "_id": "Nuts", "totalSales": 3002332 },
  { "_id": "Camping Tables", "totalSales": 4431667 }
]

示例 2:查找全职员工大于 10 的商店

此示例演示如何筛选全职员工数大于 10 的存储。

db.stores.aggregate([
  {
    $match: {
      "staff.totalStaff.fullTime": { $gt: 10 }
    }
  }
])

示例输出

[
  {
    "_id": "7954bd5c-9ac2-4c10-bb7a-2b79bd0963c5",
    "name": "Lenore's DJ Equipment Store",
    "location": { "lat": -9.9399, "lon": -0.334 },
    "staff": { "totalStaff": { "fullTime": 18, "partTime": 7 } },
    "sales": {
      "totalSales": 35911,
      "salesByCategory": [ { "categoryName": "DJ Headphones", "totalSales": 35911 } ]
    },
    "promotionEvents": [
      {
        "discounts": [
          { "categoryName": "DJ Turntables", "discountPercentage": 18 },
          { "categoryName": "DJ Mixers", "discountPercentage": 15 }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "tag": [ "#SeasonalSale", "#FreeShipping", "#MembershipDeals" ]
  }
]

示例 3:列出折扣大于 15% 的所有促销活动

本示例列出任何折扣大于 15%的所有促销事件。

db.stores.aggregate([
  {
    $unwind: "$promotionEvents"
  },
  {
    $unwind: "$promotionEvents.discounts"
  },
  {
    $match: {
      "promotionEvents.discounts.discountPercentage": { $gt: 15 }
    }
  },
  {
    $group: {
      _id: "$promotionEvents.eventName",
      discounts: { $push: "$promotionEvents.discounts" }
    }
  }
])

示例输出

[
  {
    "discounts": [
      { "categoryName": "Basketball Gear", "discountPercentage": 23 },
      { "categoryName": "Wool Carpets", "discountPercentage": 22 },
      {
        "categoryName": "Portable Bluetooth Speakers",
        "discountPercentage": 24
      }
    ]
  }
]