ArgumentOutOfRangeException 类

定义

命名空间:

System

程序集:

netstandard.dll, System.Runtime.dll

Source:

ArgumentOutOfRangeException.cs

当参数的值超出被调用方法定义的允许值范围之外时引发的异常。

public ref class ArgumentOutOfRangeException : ArgumentException

public class ArgumentOutOfRangeException : ArgumentException

type ArgumentOutOfRangeException = class
    inherit ArgumentException

Public Class ArgumentOutOfRangeException
Inherits ArgumentException

继承

Object

Exception

SystemException

ArgumentException

ArgumentOutOfRangeException

示例

以下示例定义一个类，该类包含有关受邀来宾的信息。 如果来宾小于 21， ArgumentOutOfRangeException 则会引发异常。

using System;
using static System.Console;

public class Program
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        try
        {
            var guest1 = new Guest("Ben", "Miller", 17);
            WriteLine(guest1.GuestInfo);
        }
        catch (ArgumentOutOfRangeException argumentOutOfRangeException)
        {
            WriteLine($"Error: {argumentOutOfRangeException.Message}");
        }
    }
}

class Guest
{
    private const int minimumRequiredAge = 21;

    private string firstName;
    private string lastName;
    private int age;

    public Guest(string firstName, string lastName, int age)
    {
        if (age < minimumRequiredAge)
            throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(age), $"All guests must be {minimumRequiredAge}-years-old or older.");

        this.firstName = firstName;
        this.lastName = lastName;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public string GuestInfo => $"{firstName} {lastName}, {age}";
}

open System

type Guest(fName: string, lName: string, age: int) =
    let minimumRequiredAge = 21

    do if age < minimumRequiredAge then 
        raise (ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof age, $"All guests must be {minimumRequiredAge}-years-old or older."))

    member _.FirstName = fName
    member _.LastName = lName
    member _.GuestInfo() = $"{fName} {lName}, {age}"

try
    let guest1 = Guest("Ben", "Miller", 17);
    printfn $"{guest1.GuestInfo()}"
with
| :? ArgumentOutOfRangeException as e ->
    printfn $"Error: {e.Message}"

Module Module1
   Public Sub Main()
       Try
           Dim guest1 As Guest = New Guest("Ben", "Miller", 17)
           Console.WriteLine(guest1.GuestInfo)
       Catch outOfRange As ArgumentOutOfRangeException
           Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", outOfRange.Message)
       End Try
   End Sub
End Module

Class Guest
    Private FirstName As String
    Private LastName As String
    Private Age As Integer

    Public Sub New(ByVal fName As String, ByVal lName As String, ByVal age As Integer)
        MyBase.New()
        FirstName = fName
        LastName = lName
        If (age < 21) Then
            Throw New ArgumentOutOfRangeException("age", "All guests must be 21-years-old or older.")
        Else
            age = age
        End If
    End Sub

    Public Function GuestInfo() As String
        Dim gInfo As String = (FirstName + (" " _
                    + (Me.LastName + (", " + Me.Age.ToString))))
        Return gInfo
    End Function
End Class

注解

ArgumentOutOfRangeException调用方法时，将引发异常，并且至少一个传递给该方法的参数不包含null，并且包含一个无效值，该值不是参数所需的值集的成员。 该 ParamName 属性标识无效参数，如果 ActualValue 存在值，则属性标识无效值。

通常， ArgumentOutOfRangeException 开发人员错误的结果。 不应在块中 try/catch 处理异常，而是应消除异常的原因;如果在将参数传递给引发异常的方法之前由用户的方法调用或输入返回，则应在将参数传递给方法之前验证参数。

ArgumentOutOfRangeException 通过以下方法广泛使用：

• 命名空间中的System.CollectionsSystem.IO类。

• Array 类。

• 类中的 String 字符串操作方法。

引发异常的条件 ArgumentOutOfRangeException 包括：

• 按集合的索引号检索集合的成员，索引号无效。

  这是异常的 ArgumentOutOfRangeException 最常见原因。 通常，索引号因以下四个原因之一无效：

  1. 该集合没有成员，并且代码假定它确实存在。 以下示例尝试检索没有元素的集合的第一个元素：

     using System;
     using System.Collections.Generic;
     
     public class Example4
     {
        public static void Main()
        {
           var list = new List<string>();
           Console.WriteLine("Number of items: {0}", list.Count);
           try {
              Console.WriteLine("The first item: '{0}'", list[0]);
           }
           catch (ArgumentOutOfRangeException e) {
              Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
           }
        }
     }
     // The example displays the following output:
     //   Number of items: 0
     //   Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection.
     //   Parameter name: index
     

     open System
     
     
     let list = ResizeArray<string>()
     printfn $"Number of items: {list.Count}"
     try
         printfn $"The first item: '{list[0]}'"
     with 
     | :? ArgumentOutOfRangeException as e ->
         printfn $"{e.Message}"
     
     // The example displays the following output:
     //   Number of items: 0
     //   Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection. (Parameter 'index')
     

     Imports System.Collections.Generic
     
     Module Example
        Public Sub Main()
           Dim list As New List(Of String)
           Console.WriteLine("Number of items: {0}", list.Count)
           Try
              Console.WriteLine("The first item: '{0}'", list(0))
           Catch e As ArgumentOutOfRangeException
              Console.WriteLine(e.Message)
           End Try
        End Sub
     End Module
     ' The example displays the following output:
     '   Number of items: 0
     '   Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection.
     '   Parameter name: index
     

     若要防止异常，请在尝试检索任何成员之前检查集合 Count 的属性是否大于零，如以下代码片段所示。

     if (list.Count > 0)
        Console.WriteLine("The first item: '{0}'", list[0]);
     

     if list.Count > 0 then
         printfn $"The first item: '{list[0]}'"
     

     If list.Count > 0 Then
        Console.WriteLine("The first item: '{0}'", list(0))
     End If
     

  2. 在某些情况下，可能会发生异常，因为您尝试通过使用不存在的索引（而不是调用此方法）将成员添加到集合中，例如 Add，出于此目的而存在的方法。 以下示例尝试使用不存在的索引（而不是调用 List<T>.Add 该方法）将元素添加到集合。

     using System;
     using System.Collections.Generic;
     
     public class Example13
     {
        public static void Main()
        {
           var numbers = new List<int>();
           numbers.AddRange( new int[] { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 20 } );
     
           var squares = new List<int>();
           for (int ctr = 0; ctr < numbers.Count; ctr++)
              squares[ctr] = (int) Math.Pow(numbers[ctr], 2);
        }
     }
     // The example displays the following output:
     //    Unhandled Exception: System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException: Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection.
     //    Parameter name: index
     //       at System.ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument argument, ExceptionResource resource)
     //       at Example.Main()
     

     let numbers = ResizeArray<int>()
     numbers.AddRange [ 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 20 ]
     
     let squares = ResizeArray<int>()
     for  ctr = 0 to numbers.Count - 1 do
         squares[ctr] <- int (float numbers[ctr] ** 2)
     
     // The example displays the following output:
     //    Unhandled Exception: System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException: Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection. (Parameter 'index')
     //       at System.ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument argument, ExceptionResource resource)
     //       at <StartupCode$argumentoutofrangeexception>.$NoElements.main@()
     

     Imports System.Collections.Generic
     
     Module Example
        Public Sub Main()
           Dim numbers As New List(Of Integer)
           numbers.AddRange( { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 20 } )
           
           Dim squares As New List(Of Integer)
           For ctr As Integer = 0 To numbers.Count - 1
              squares(ctr) = CInt(numbers(ctr) ^ 2) 
           Next
        End Sub
     End Module
     ' The example displays the following output:
     '    Unhandled Exception: System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException: Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection.
     '    Parameter name: index
     '       at System.ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument argument, ExceptionResource resource)
     '       at Example.Main()
     

     以下代码片段更正了此错误：

     var squares = new List<int>();
     for (int ctr = 0; ctr < numbers.Count; ctr++)
        squares.Add((int) Math.Pow(numbers[ctr], 2));
     

     let squares = ResizeArray<int>()
     for ctr = 0 to numbers.Count - 1 do
         squares.Add(int (float numbers[ctr] ** 2))
     

     Dim squares As New List(Of Integer)
     For ctr As Integer = 0 To numbers.Count - 1
        squares.Add(CInt(numbers(ctr) ^ 2)) 
     Next
     

  3. 尝试检索索引为负的项。 这通常会发生，因为你已搜索特定元素的索引的集合，并且错误地假定搜索成功。 在以下示例中，对方法的调用 List<T>.FindIndex(Predicate<T>) 找不到等于“Z”的字符串，因此返回 -1。 但是，这是无效的索引值。

     using System;
     using System.Collections.Generic;
     
     public class Example
     {
        public static void Main()
        {
           var list = new List<string>();
           list.AddRange( new String[] { "A", "B", "C" } );
           // Get the index of the element whose value is "Z".
           int index = list.FindIndex((new StringSearcher("Z")).FindEquals);
           try {
              Console.WriteLine("Index {0} contains '{1}'", index, list[index]);
           }
           catch (ArgumentOutOfRangeException e) {
              Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
           }
        }
     }
     
     internal class StringSearcher
     {
        string value;
     
        public StringSearcher(string value)
        {
           this.value = value;
        }
     
        public bool FindEquals(string s)
        {
           return s.Equals(value, StringComparison.InvariantCulture);
        }
     }
     // The example displays the following output:
     //   Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection.
     //   Parameter name: index
     

     open System
     
     module StringSearcher =
         let findEquals (s: string) value =
             s.Equals(value, StringComparison.InvariantCulture)
     
     let list = ResizeArray<string>()
     list.AddRange [ "A"; "B"; "C" ]
     // Get the index of the element whose value is "Z".
     let index = list.FindIndex(StringSearcher.findEquals "Z")
     try 
         printfn $"Index {index} contains '{list[index]}'"
     with 
     | :? ArgumentOutOfRangeException as e ->
         printfn $"{e.Message}" 
     
     // The example displays the following output:
     //   Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection. (Parameter 'index')
     

     Imports System.Collections.Generic
     
     Module Example
        Public Sub Main()
           Dim list As New List(Of String) 
           list.AddRange( { "A", "B", "C" } )
           ' Get the index of the element whose value is "Z".
           Dim index As Integer = list.FindIndex(AddressOf (New StringSearcher("Z")).FindEquals)
           Try
              Console.WriteLine("Index {0} contains '{1}'", index, list(index)) 
           Catch e As ArgumentOutOfRangeException
              Console.WriteLine(e.Message)
           End Try
        End Sub
     End Module
     
     Friend Class StringSearcher
        Dim value As String
        
        Public Sub New(value As String)
           Me.value = value
        End Sub
        
        Public Function FindEquals(s As String) As Boolean
           Return s.Equals(value, StringComparison.InvariantCulture) 
        End Function
     End Class
     ' The example displays the following output:
     '   Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection.
     '   Parameter name: index
     

     若要防止异常，请确保返回的索引大于或等于零，然后再尝试从集合中检索项，检查搜索是否成功，如以下代码片段所示。

     // Get the index of the element whose value is "Z".
     int index = list.FindIndex((new StringSearcher("Z")).FindEquals);
     if (index >= 0)
        Console.WriteLine("'Z' is found at index {0}", list[index]);
     

     // Get the index of the element whose value is "Z".
     let index = list.FindIndex(StringSearcher.findEquals "Z")
     if index >= 0 then
         printfn $"'Z' is found at index {list[index]}"
     

     ' Get the index of the element whose value is "Z".
     Dim index As Integer = list.FindIndex(AddressOf (New StringSearcher("Z")).FindEquals)
     If index >= 0 Then
        Console.WriteLine("Index {0} contains '{1}'", index, list(index)) 
     End If
     

  4. 尝试检索索引等于集合 Count 属性值的元素，如以下示例所示。

     using System;
     using System.Collections.Generic;
     
     public class Example8
     {
        public static void Main()
        {
           var list = new List<string>();
           list.AddRange( new String[] { "A", "B", "C" } );
           try {
              // Display the elements in the list by index.
              for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= list.Count; ctr++)
                 Console.WriteLine("Index {0}: {1}", ctr, list[ctr]);
           }
           catch (ArgumentOutOfRangeException e) {
              Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
           }
        }
     }
     // The example displays the following output:
     //   Index 0: A
     //   Index 1: B
     //   Index 2: C
     //   Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection.
     //   Parameter name: index
     

     open System
     
     let list = ResizeArray<string>()
     list.AddRange [ "A"; "B"; "C" ] 
     try
         // Display the elements in the list by index.
         for i = 0 to list.Count do
             printfn $"Index {i}: {list[i]}"
     with 
     | :? ArgumentOutOfRangeException as e ->
         printfn $"{e.Message}" 
           
     // The example displays the following output:
     //   Index 0: A
     //   Index 1: B
     //   Index 2: C
     //   Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection. (Parameter 'index')
     

     Imports System.Collections.Generic
     
     Module Example
        Public Sub Main()
           Dim list As New List(Of String) 
           list.AddRange( { "A", "B", "C" } )
           Try
              ' Display the elements in the list by index.
              For ctr As Integer = 0 To list.Count
                 Console.WriteLine("Index {0}: {1}", ctr, list(ctr)) 
              Next   
           Catch e As ArgumentOutOfRangeException
              Console.WriteLine(e.Message)
           End Try
        End Sub
     End Module
     ' The example displays the following output:
     '   Index 0: A
     '   Index 1: B
     '   Index 2: C
     '   Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection.
     '   Parameter name: index
     

     由于 .NET 中的集合使用从零开始的索引编制，因此集合的第一个元素位于索引 0，最后一个元素位于索引 Count - 1。 你可以通过确保访问索引 Count 处的最后一个元素 - 1 来消除错误，如以下代码所示。

     // Display the elements in the list by index.
     for (int ctr = 0; ctr < list.Count; ctr++)
        Console.WriteLine("Index {0}: {1}", ctr, list[ctr]);
     

     // Display the elements in the list by index.
     for i = 0 to list.Count - 1 do
         printfn $"Index {i}: {list[i]}"
     

     ' Display the elements in the list by index.
     For ctr As Integer = 0 To list.Count - 1 
        Console.WriteLine("Index {0}: {1}", ctr, list(ctr)) 
     Next
     

• 尝试通过调用字符串操作方法执行字符串操作，并且字符串中不存在起始索引。

  方法（例如String.Compare，、String.CompareOrdinal、String.IndexOf、IndexOfAny、String.InsertString.LastIndexOf、String.LastIndexOfAny、）RemoveString.Substring或允许指定操作的起始索引的重载要求索引是字符串中的有效位置。 有效索引范围为 0 到 String.Length 1。

  此 ArgumentOutOfRangeException 异常有四个常见原因：

  1. 你正在使用空字符串，或者 String.Empty。 由于其 String.Length 属性返回 0，因此索引操作它的任何尝试都引发异常 ArgumentOutOfRangeException 。 以下示例定义返回字符串的第一 GetFirstCharacter 个字符的方法。 如果字符串为空，因为传递给该方法的最后一个字符串是，该方法将引发异常 ArgumentOutOfRangeException 。

     using System;
     
     public class Example1
     {
         public static void Main()
         {
             String[] words = { "the", "today", "tomorrow", " ", "" };
             foreach (var word in words)
                 Console.WriteLine("First character of '{0}': '{1}'",
                                   word, GetFirstCharacter(word));
         }
     
         private static char GetFirstCharacter(string s)
         {
             return s[0];
         }
     }
     // The example displays the following output:
     //    First character of //the//: //t//
     //    First character of //today//: //t//
     //    First character of //tomorrow//: //t//
     //    First character of // //: // //
     //
     //    Unhandled Exception: System.IndexOutOfRangeException: Index was outside the bounds of the array.
     //       at Example.Main()
     

     open System
     
     let getFirstCharacter (s: string) = s[0]
     
     let words = [ "the"; "today"; "tomorrow"; " "; "" ]
     for word in words do
         printfn $"First character of '{word}': '{getFirstCharacter word}'"
     
     // The example displays the following output:
     //    First character of 'the': 't'
     //    First character of 'today': 't'
     //    First character of 'tomorrow': 't'
     //    First character of ' ': ' '
     //
     //    Unhandled Exception: System.IndexOutOfRangeException: Index was outside the bounds of the array.
     //       at <StartupCode$argumentoutofrangeexception>.$EmptyString1.main@()
     

     Module Example
        Public Sub Main()
            Dim words() As String = { "the", "today", "tomorrow", " ", "" }
            For Each word In words
               Console.WriteLine("First character of '{0}': '{1}'", 
                                 word, GetFirstCharacter(word))
            Next                     
        End Sub
        
        Private Function GetFirstCharacter(s As String) As Char
           Return s(0)
        End Function
     End Module
     ' The example displays the following output:
     '    First character of 'the': 't'
     '    First character of 'today': 't'
     '    First character of 'tomorrow': 't'
     '    First character of ' ': ' '
     '    
     '    Unhandled Exception: System.IndexOutOfRangeException: Index was outside the bounds of the array.
     '       at Example.Main()
     

     可以通过测试字符串 String.Length 是否大于零或调用 IsNullOrEmpty 方法来确保字符串不为 null 空来消除异常。 以下代码片段执行后一个代码片段。 在这种情况下，如果字符串为 null 或为空，则 GetFirstCharacter 该方法返回 U+0000。

     static char GetFirstCharacter(string s)
     {
         if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(s))
             return '\u0000';
         else
             return s[0];
     }
     

     let getFirstCharacter (s: string) =
        if String.IsNullOrEmpty s then
           '\u0000'
        else
           s[0]
     

     Function GetFirstCharacter(s As String) As Char
        If String.IsNullOrEmpty(s) Then 
           Return ChrW(0)
        Else   
           Return s(0)
        End If   
     End Function
     

  2. 你正在根据该字符串中的子字符串的位置操作字符串，并且无法确定子字符串是否实际找到。

     以下示例提取两个单词短语的第二个单词。 如果短语仅包含一个 ArgumentOutOfRangeException 单词，因此不包含嵌入的空间字符，则会引发异常。 之所以发生这种情况，是因为对方法的调用 String.IndexOf(String) 返回 -1，以指示搜索失败，然后将此无效值传递给 String.Substring(Int32) 该方法。

     using System;
     
     public class Example17
     {
        public static void Main()
        {
           String[] phrases = { "ocean blue", "concerned citizen",
                                "runOnPhrase" };
           foreach (var phrase in phrases)
              Console.WriteLine("Second word is {0}", GetSecondWord(phrase));
        }
     
        static string GetSecondWord(string s)
        {
           int pos = s.IndexOf(" ");
           return s.Substring(pos).Trim();
        }
     }
     // The example displays the following output:
     //    Second word is blue
     //    Second word is citizen
     //
     //    Unhandled Exception: System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException: StartIndex cannot be less than zero.
     //    Parameter name: startIndex
     //       at System.String.Substring(Int32 startIndex, Int32 length)
     //       at Example17.GetSecondWord(String s)
     //       at Example17.Main()
     

     let getSecondWord (s: string) =
         let pos = s.IndexOf " "
         s.Substring(pos).Trim()
     
     let phrases = [ "ocean blue"; "concerned citizen"; "runOnPhrase" ]
     for phrase in phrases do
         printfn $"Second word is {getSecondWord phrase}"
     
     // The example displays the following output:
     //    Second word is blue
     //    Second word is citizen
     //
     //    Unhandled Exception: System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException: StartIndex cannot be less than zero. (Parameter 'startIndex')
     //       at System.String.Substring(Int32 startIndex, Int32 length)
     //       at System.String.Substring(Int32 startIndex)
     //       at NoFind1.getSecondWord(String s)
     //       at <StartupCode$argumentoutofrangeexception>.$NoFind1.main@()
     

     Module Example
        Public Sub Main()
           Dim phrases() As String = { "ocean blue", "concerned citizen", 
                                       "runOnPhrase" }
           For Each phrase In phrases
              Console.WriteLine("Second word is {0}", GetSecondWord(phrase))
           Next                            
       End Sub
       
       Function GetSecondWord(s As String) As String
          Dim pos As Integer = s.IndexOf(" ")
          Return s.Substring(pos).Trim()
       End Function
     End Module
     ' The example displays the following output:
     '       Second word is blue
     '       Second word is citizen
     '       
     '       Unhandled Exception: System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException: StartIndex cannot be less than zero.
     '       Parameter name: startIndex
     '          at System.String.Substring(Int32 startIndex, Int32 length)
     '          at Example.GetSecondWord(String s)
     '          at Example.Main()
     

     若要消除异常，请在调用字符串操作方法之前验证字符串搜索方法返回的值。

     using System;
     
     public class Example18
     {
        public static void Main()
        {
           String[] phrases = { "ocean blue", "concerned citizen",
                                "runOnPhrase" };
           foreach (var phrase in phrases) {
              string word = GetSecondWord(phrase);
              if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(word))
                 Console.WriteLine("Second word is {0}", word);
           }
        }
     
        static string GetSecondWord(string s)
        {
           int pos = s.IndexOf(" ");
           if (pos >= 0)
              return s.Substring(pos).Trim();
           else
              return string.Empty;
        }
     }
     // The example displays the following output:
     //       Second word is blue
     //       Second word is citizen
     

     open System
     
     let getSecondWord (s: string) =
         let pos = s.IndexOf " "
         if pos >= 0 then
             s.Substring(pos).Trim()
         else 
             String.Empty
     
     let phrases = [ "ocean blue"; "concerned citizen"; "runOnPhrase" ]
     for phrase in phrases do
         let word = getSecondWord phrase
         if not (String.IsNullOrEmpty word) then
             printfn $"Second word is {word}"
     
     // The example displays the following output:
     //       Second word is blue
     //       Second word is citizen
     

     Module Example
        Public Sub Main()
           Dim phrases() As String = { "ocean blue", "concerned citizen", 
                                       "runOnPhrase" }
           For Each phrase In phrases
              Dim word As String = GetSecondWord(phrase)
              If Not String.IsNullOrEmpty(word) Then _
                 Console.WriteLine("Second word is {0}", word)
           Next                            
        End Sub
       
        Function GetSecondWord(s As String) As String
           Dim pos As Integer = s.IndexOf(" ")
           If pos >= 0
               Return s.Substring(pos).Trim()
           Else
              Return String.Empty
           End If
       End Function
     End Module
     ' The example displays the following output:
     '       Second word is blue
     '       Second word is citizen
     

  3. 你已尝试提取当前字符串范围之外的子字符串。

     提取子字符串的方法都要求指定子字符串的起始位置，对于不继续到字符串末尾的子字符串（子字符串中的字符数）。 请注意，这不是子字符串中最后一个字符的 索引 。

     ArgumentOutOfRangeException在这种情况下，通常会引发异常，因为你错误地计算了子字符串中的字符数。 如果使用搜索方法来 String.IndexOf 标识子字符串的起始和结束位置：

     • 如果返回的 String.IndexOf 结束位置中的字符将包含在子字符串中，则子字符串的结束位置由公式提供

       endIndex - startIndex + 1
       

     • 如果要从子字符串中排除返回的 String.IndexOf 结束位置中的字符，则子字符串的结束位置由公式提供

       endIndex - startIndex
       

       下面的示例定义一个 FindWords 方法，该方法使用 String.IndexOfAny(Char[], Int32) 该方法标识字符串中的空格字符和标点符号，并返回一个数组，该数组包含字符串中找到的单词。

       using System;
       using System.Collections.Generic;
       
       public class Example19
       {
          public static void Main()
          {
             string sentence = "This is a simple, short sentence.";
             Console.WriteLine("Words in '{0}':", sentence);
             foreach (var word in FindWords(sentence))
                Console.WriteLine("   '{0}'", word);
          }
       
          static String[] FindWords(string s)
          {
             int start = 0, end = 0;
             Char[] delimiters = { ' ', '.', ',', ';', ':', '(', ')' };
             var words = new List<string>();
       
             while (end >= 0) {
                end = s.IndexOfAny(delimiters, start);
                if (end >= 0) {
                   if (end - start > 0)
                      words.Add(s.Substring(start, end - start));
       
                   start = end + 1;
                }
                else {
                   if (start < s.Length - 1)
                      words.Add(s.Substring(start));
                }
             }
             return words.ToArray();
          }
       }
       // The example displays the following output:
       //       Words in 'This is a simple, short sentence.':
       //          'This'
       //          'is'
       //          'a'
       //          'simple'
       //          'short'
       //          'sentence'
       

       
       let findWords (s: string) =
           let mutable start, end' = 0, 0
           let delimiters = [| ' '; '.'; ','; ';'; ':'; '('; ')' |]
           let words = ResizeArray<string>()
           while end' >= 0 do
               end' <- s.IndexOfAny(delimiters, start)
               if end' >= 0 then
                   if end' - start > 0 then
                       words.Add(s.Substring(start, end' - start))
                   start <- end' + 1
               elif start < s.Length - 1 then
                   words.Add(s.Substring start)
           words.ToArray()
       
       let sentence = "This is a simple, short sentence."
       printfn $"Words in '{sentence}':"
       for word in findWords sentence do
           printfn $"   '{word}'"
       
       // The example displays the following output:
       //       Words in 'This is a simple, short sentence.':
       //          'This'
       //          'is'
       //          'a'
       //          'simple'
       //          'short'
       //          'sentence'
       

       Imports System.Collections.Generic
       
       Module Example
          Public Sub Main()
             Dim sentence As String = "This is a simple, short sentence."
             Console.WriteLine("Words in '{0}':", sentence)
             For Each word In FindWords(sentence)
                Console.WriteLine("   '{0}'", word)
             Next
          End Sub
          
          Function FindWords(s As String) As String()
             Dim start, ending As Integer
             Dim delimiters() As Char = { " "c, "."c, ","c, ";"c, ":"c,
                                          "("c, ")"c }
             Dim words As New List(Of String)()
       
             Do While ending >= 0
                ending = s.IndexOfAny(delimiters, start)
                If ending >= 0
                   If ending - start > 0 Then
                      words.Add(s.Substring(start, ending - start)) 
                   End If
                   start = ending + 1
                Else
                   If start < s.Length - 1 Then
                      words.Add(s.Substring(start))
                   End If      
                End If
             Loop    
             Return words.ToArray()                         
          End Function
       End Module
       ' The example displays the following output:
       '       Words in 'This is a simple, short sentence.':
       '          'This'
       '          'is'
       '          'a'
       '          'simple'
       '          'short'
       '          'sentence'
       

• 已将负数传递给一个仅需要正数和零的参数的方法，或者已将负数或零传递给具有仅需要正数的参数的方法。

  例如，该方法 Array.CreateInstance(Type, Int32, Int32, Int32) 要求指定二维数组的每个维度中的元素数;每个维度的有效值可以介于 0 到 Int32.MaxValue0 之间。 但是，由于以下示例中的维度参数具有负值，因此该方法将引发异常 ArgumentOutOfRangeException 。

  using System;
  
  public class Example01
  {
      public static void Main()
      {
          int dimension1 = 10;
          int dimension2 = -1;
          try
          {
              Array arr = Array.CreateInstance(typeof(string),
                                               dimension1, dimension2);
          }
          catch (ArgumentOutOfRangeException e)
          {
              if (e.ActualValue != null)
                  Console.WriteLine("{0} is an invalid value for {1}: ", e.ActualValue, e.ParamName);
              Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
          }
      }
  }
  // The example displays the following output:
  //     Non-negative number required.
  //     Parameter name: length2
  

  open System
  
  let dimension1 = 10
  let dimension2 = -1
  try
      let arr = Array.CreateInstance(typeof<string>, dimension1, dimension2)
      printfn "%A" arr
  with 
  | :? ArgumentOutOfRangeException as e ->
      if not (isNull e.ActualValue) then
          printfn $"{e.ActualValue} is an invalid value for {e.ParamName}: "
      printfn $"{e.Message}"
  
  // The example displays the following output:
  //     Non-negative number required. (Parameter 'length2')
  

  Module Example
     Public Sub Main()
        Dim dimension1 As Integer = 10
        Dim dimension2 As Integer = -1
        Try
           Dim arr AS Array = Array.CreateInstance(GetType(String), 
                                                   dimension1, dimension2)
        Catch e As ArgumentOutOfRangeException
           If e.ActualValue IsNot Nothing Then
              Console.WriteLine("{0} is an invalid value for {1}: ", 
                                e.ActualValue, e.ParamName)
           End If                     
           Console.WriteLine(e.Message)
        End Try
     End Sub
  End Module
  ' The example displays the following output:
  '     Non-negative number required.
  '     Parameter name: length2
  

  若要更正错误，请确保无效参数的值不为负。 为此，可以提供有效的值，如以下代码片段所示。

  int dimension1 = 10;
  int dimension2 = 10;
  Array arr = Array.CreateInstance(typeof(string),
                                   dimension1, dimension2);
  

  let dimension1 = 10
  let dimension2 = 10
  let arr = Array.CreateInstance(typeof<string>, dimension1, dimension2)
  printfn "%A" arr
  

  Dim dimension1 As Integer = 10
  Dim dimension2 As Integer = 10
  Dim arr As Array = Array.CreateInstance(GetType(String), 
                                          dimension1, dimension2)
  

  还可以验证输入，如果输入无效，请执行一些操作。 以下代码片段显示错误消息，而不是调用该方法。

  if (dimension1 < 0 || dimension2 < 0)
  {
      Console.WriteLine("Unable to create the array.");
      Console.WriteLine("Specify non-negative values for the two dimensions.");
  }
  else
  {
      arr = Array.CreateInstance(typeof(string),
                                 dimension1, dimension2);
  }
  

  if dimension1 < 0 || dimension2 < 0 then
      printfn "Unable to create the array."
      printfn "Specify non-negative values for the two dimensions."
  else
      let arr = Array.CreateInstance(typeof<string>, dimension1, dimension2)
      printfn "%A" arr
  

  If dimension1 < 0 OrElse dimension2 < 0 Then
     Console.WriteLine("Unable to create the array.")
     Console.WriteLine("Specify non-negative values for the two dimensions.")
  Else
     arr = Array.CreateInstance(GetType(String), 
                                dimension1, dimension2)   
  End If
  

• 多线程或具有异步执行且更新数组或集合的任务的应用中存在争用条件。

  以下示例使用对象 List<T> 填充对象的集合 Continent 。 如果示例尝试在完全填充集合之前显示集合中的七个项，则会引发 ArgumentOutOfRangeException 此事件。

  using System;
  using System.Collections.Generic;
  using System.Threading;
  
  public class Continent
  {
     public string? Name { get; set; }
     public int Population { get; set; }
     public Decimal Area { get; set; }
  }
  
  public class Example11
  {
     static List<Continent> continents = new List<Continent>();
     static string? s_msg;
  
     public static void Main()
     {
        String[] names = { "Africa", "Antarctica", "Asia",
                           "Australia", "Europe", "North America",
                           "South America" };
        // Populate the list.
        foreach (var name in names) {
           var th = new Thread(PopulateContinents);
           th.Start(name);
        }
        Console.WriteLine(s_msg);
        Console.WriteLine();
  
        // Display the list.
        for (int ctr = 0; ctr < names.Length; ctr++) {
           var continent = continents[ctr];
           Console.WriteLine("{0}: Area: {1}, Population {2}",
                             continent.Name, continent.Population,
                             continent.Area);
        }
     }
  
     private static void PopulateContinents(Object? obj)
     {
        string? name = obj?.ToString();
        s_msg += string.Format("Adding '{0}' to the list.\n", name);
        var continent = new Continent();
        continent.Name = name;
        // Sleep to simulate retrieving remaining data.
        Thread.Sleep(50);
        continents.Add(continent);
     }
  }
  // The example displays output like the following:
  //    Adding //Africa// to the list.
  //    Adding //Antarctica// to the list.
  //    Adding //Asia// to the list.
  //    Adding //Australia// to the list.
  //    Adding //Europe// to the list.
  //    Adding //North America// to the list.
  //    Adding //South America// to the list.
  //
  //
  //
  //    Unhandled Exception: System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException: Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection.
  //    Parameter name: index
  //       at System.ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument argument, ExceptionResource resource)
  //       at Example.Main()
  

  open System.Threading
  
  type Continent =
      { Name: string
        Population: int
        Area: decimal }
  
  let continents = ResizeArray<Continent>()
  let mutable msg = ""
  
  let names = 
      [ "Africa"; "Antarctica"; "Asia"
        "Australia"; "Europe"; "North America"
        "South America" ]
  
  let populateContinents obj = 
      let name = string obj
      msg <- msg + $"Adding '{name}' to the list.\n"
      // Sleep to simulate retrieving data.
      Thread.Sleep 50
      let continent = 
          { Name = name
            Population = 0
            Area = 0M }
      continents.Add continent
        
  // Populate the list.
  for name in names do
      let th = Thread(ParameterizedThreadStart populateContinents)
      th.Start name
        
  printfn $"{msg}\n"
  
  // Display the list.
  for i = 0 to names.Length - 1 do
      let continent = continents[i]
      printfn $"{continent.Name}: Area: {continent.Population}, Population {continent.Area}"
  
  // The example displays output like the following:
  //    Unhandled Exception: System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException: Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection. (Parameter 'index')
  //       at System.Collections.Generic.List`1.get_Item(Int32 index)
  //       at <StartupCode$argumentoutofrangeexception>.$Race1.main@()
  

  Imports System.Collections.Generic
  Imports System.Threading
  
  Public Class Continent
     Public Property Name As String
     Public Property Population As Integer
     Public Property Area As Decimal  
  End Class
  
  Module Example
     Dim continents As New List(Of Continent)
     Dim msg As String 
        
     Public Sub Main()
        Dim names() As String = { "Africa", "Antarctica", "Asia", 
                                       "Australia", "Europe", "North America",
                                       "South America" }
        ' Populate the list.
        For Each name In names
           Dim th As New Thread(AddressOf PopulateContinents)
           th.Start(name)
        Next              
        Console.WriteLine(msg)
        Console.WriteLine()
  
        ' Display the list.
        For ctr As Integer = 0 To names.Length - 1
           Dim continent = continents(ctr)
           Console.WriteLine("{0}: Area: {1}, Population {2}", 
                             continent.Name, continent.Population,
                             continent.Area)
        Next
     End Sub
     
     Private Sub PopulateContinents(obj As Object)
        Dim name As String = obj.ToString()
        msg += String.Format("Adding '{0}' to the list.{1}", name, vbCrLf)
        Dim continent As New Continent()
        continent.Name = name
        ' Sleep to simulate retrieving remaining data.
        Thread.Sleep(50)
        continents.Add(continent)
     End Sub
  End Module
  ' The example displays output like the following:
  '    Adding 'Africa' to the list.
  '    Adding 'Antarctica' to the list.
  '    Adding 'Asia' to the list.
  '    Adding 'Australia' to the list.
  '    Adding 'Europe' to the list.
  '    Adding 'North America' to the list.
  '    Adding 'South America' to the list.
  '    
  '    
  '    
  '    Unhandled Exception: System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException: Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection.
  '    Parameter name: index
  '       at System.ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument argument, ExceptionResource resource)
  '       at Example.Main()
  

  在这种情况下，可从多个线程访问两个资源：

  • 集合 continents 。 从多个线程调用其 List<T>.Add 方法。 此外，主线程或主线程假定集合在循环访问其成员时使用七个元素进行完全填充。

  • 从 msg 多个线程串联的字符串。

  若要更正此错误，请确保以线程安全的方式访问共享状态，如下所示。

  • 如果你的应用使用数组或集合对象，请考虑使用线程安全的集合类，例如命名空间中的 System.Collections.Concurrent 类型或 System.Collections.Immutable 带外版本。

  • 确保以线程安全的方式访问共享状态（即多个线程可以访问的资源），以便一次只有一个线程具有对资源的独占访问权限。 大量类（例如CountdownEvent，Interlocked和MonitorMutex）可用于同步对资源的访问。 有关详细信息，请参阅 Threading。 此外，可通过 C# 中的 lock 语句和 Visual Basic 中的 SyncLock 构造提供语言支持。

  以下示例解决了 ArgumentOutOfRangeException 上一个示例中的其他问题。 它将对象替换为 List<T> 一个 ConcurrentBag<T> 对象，以确保对集合的访问是线程安全的，使用对象 CountdownEvent 来确保应用程序线程仅在执行其他线程后继续，并使用锁来确保一次只能有一个线程访问 msg 变量。

  using System;
  using System.Collections.Concurrent;
  using System.Threading;
  
  public class ContinentD
  {
     public string? Name { get; set; }
     public int Population { get; set; }
     public Decimal Area { get; set; }
  }
  
  public class Example12
  {
     static ConcurrentBag<ContinentD> ContinentDs = new ConcurrentBag<ContinentD>();
     static CountdownEvent? gate;
     static string msg = string.Empty;
  
     public static void Main()
     {
        String[] names = { "Africa", "Antarctica", "Asia",
                           "Australia", "Europe", "North America",
                           "South America" };
        gate = new CountdownEvent(names.Length);
  
        // Populate the list.
        foreach (var name in names) {
           var th = new Thread(PopulateContinentDs);
           th.Start(name);
        }
  
        // Display the list.
        gate.Wait();
        Console.WriteLine(msg);
        Console.WriteLine();
  
        var arr = ContinentDs.ToArray();
        for (int ctr = 0; ctr < names.Length; ctr++) {
           var ContinentD = arr[ctr];
           Console.WriteLine("{0}: Area: {1}, Population {2}",
                             ContinentD.Name, ContinentD.Population,
                             ContinentD.Area);
        }
     }
  
     private static void PopulateContinentDs(Object? obj)
     {
        string? name = obj?.ToString();
        lock(msg) {
           msg += string.Format("Adding '{0}' to the list.\n", name);
        }
        var ContinentD = new ContinentD();
        ContinentD.Name = name;
        // Sleep to simulate retrieving remaining data.
        Thread.Sleep(25);
        ContinentDs.Add(ContinentD);
        gate?.Signal();
     }
  }
  // The example displays output like the following:
  //       Adding 'Africa' to the list.
  //       Adding 'Antarctica' to the list.
  //       Adding 'Asia' to the list.
  //       Adding 'Australia' to the list.
  //       Adding 'Europe' to the list.
  //       Adding 'North America' to the list.
  //       Adding 'South America' to the list.
  //
  //
  //       Africa: Area: 0, Population 0
  //       Antarctica: Area: 0, Population 0
  //       Asia: Area: 0, Population 0
  //       Australia: Area: 0, Population 0
  //       Europe: Area: 0, Population 0
  //       North America: Area: 0, Population 0
  //       South America: Area: 0, Population 0
  

  open System.Collections.Concurrent
  open System.Threading
  
  type Continent =
      { Name: string
        Population: int
        Area: decimal }
  
  let continents = ConcurrentBag<Continent>();
  let mutable msg = ""
  
  let names = 
      [ "Africa"; "Antarctica"; "Asia"
        "Australia"; "Europe"; "North America"
        "South America" ]
  
  let gate = new CountdownEvent(names.Length)
  
  let populateContinents obj = 
      let name = string obj
      lock msg (fun () -> 
          msg <- msg + $"Adding '{name}' to the list.\n" )
  
      // Sleep to simulate retrieving remaining data.
      let continent = 
          { Name = name
            Population = 0
            Area = 0M }
      Thread.Sleep 25
      continents.Add continent
      gate.Signal() |> ignore
  
  // Populate the list.
  for name in names do
      let th = Thread(ParameterizedThreadStart populateContinents)
      th.Start name
  
  // Display the list.
  gate.Wait();
  printfn $"{msg}\n"
  
  let arr = continents.ToArray();
  for i = 0 to names.Length - 1 do
      let continent = arr[i]
      printfn $"{continent.Name}: Area: {continent.Population}, Population {continent.Area}"
  
  // The example displays output like the following:
  //       Adding 'Africa' to the list.
  //       Adding 'Antarctica' to the list.
  //       Adding 'Asia' to the list.
  //       Adding 'Australia' to the list.
  //       Adding 'Europe' to the list.
  //       Adding 'North America' to the list.
  //       Adding 'South America' to the list.
  //
  //
  //       Africa: Area: 0, Population 0
  //       Antarctica: Area: 0, Population 0
  //       Asia: Area: 0, Population 0
  //       Australia: Area: 0, Population 0
  //       Europe: Area: 0, Population 0
  //       North America: Area: 0, Population 0
  //       South America: Area: 0, Population 0
  

  Imports System.Collections.Concurrent
  Imports System.Threading
  
  Public Class Continent
     Public Property Name As String
     Public Property Population As Integer
     Public Property Area As Decimal  
  End Class
  
  Module Example
     Dim continents As New ConcurrentBag(Of Continent)
     Dim gate As CountdownEvent
     Dim msg As String = String.Empty
        
     Public Sub Main()
        Dim names() As String = { "Africa", "Antarctica", "Asia", 
                                  "Australia", "Europe", "North America",
                                  "South America" }
        gate = new CountdownEvent(names.Length)
        
        ' Populate the list.
        For Each name In names
           Dim th As New Thread(AddressOf PopulateContinents)
           th.Start(name)
        Next              
  
        ' Display the list.
        gate.Wait()
        Console.WriteLine(msg)
        Console.WriteLine()
  
        For ctr As Integer = 0 To names.Length - 1
           Dim continent = continents(ctr)
           Console.WriteLine("{0}: Area: {1}, Population {2}", 
                             continent.Name, continent.Population,
                             continent.Area)
        Next
     End Sub
     
     Private Sub PopulateContinents(obj As Object)
        Dim name As String = obj.ToString()
        SyncLock msg 
           msg += String.Format("Adding '{0}' to the list.{1}", name, vbCrLf)
        End SyncLock
        Dim continent As New Continent()
        continent.Name = name
        ' Sleep to simulate retrieving remaining data.
        Thread.Sleep(25)
        continents.Add(continent)
        gate.Signal()
     End Sub
  End Module
  ' The example displays output like the following:
  '    Adding 'Africa' to the list.
  '    Adding 'Antarctica' to the list.
  '    Adding 'Asia' to the list.
  '    Adding 'Australia' to the list.
  '    Adding 'Europe' to the list.
  '    Adding 'North America' to the list.
  '    Adding 'South America' to the list.
  '    
  '    
  '    Africa: Area: 0, Population 0
  '    Antarctica: Area: 0, Population 0
  '    Asia: Area: 0, Population 0
  '    Australia: Area: 0, Population 0
  '    Europe: Area: 0, Population 0
  '    North America: Area: 0, Population 0
  '    South America: Area: 0, Population 0
  

ArgumentOutOfRangeException 使用具有值0x80131502的 HRESULT COR_E_ARGUMENTOUTOFRANGE。

有关实例 ArgumentOutOfRangeException的初始属性值列表，请参阅 ArgumentOutOfRangeException 构造函数。

构造函数

名称	说明
ArgumentOutOfRangeException()	初始化 ArgumentOutOfRangeException 类的新实例。
ArgumentOutOfRangeException(SerializationInfo, StreamingContext)	已过时. 使用序列化数据初始化类的新实例 ArgumentOutOfRangeException 。
ArgumentOutOfRangeException(String, Exception)	使用指定的错误消息和导致此异常的异常初始化类的新实例 ArgumentOutOfRangeException 。
ArgumentOutOfRangeException(String, Object, String)	使用参数名称、参数值和指定的错误消息初始化类的新实例 ArgumentOutOfRangeException 。
ArgumentOutOfRangeException(String, String)	使用导致此异常的参数的名称和指定的错误消息初始化类的新实例 ArgumentOutOfRangeException 。
ArgumentOutOfRangeException(String)	使用导致此异常的参数名称初始化类的新实例 ArgumentOutOfRangeException 。

属性

名称	说明
ActualValue	获取导致此异常的参数值。
Data	获取键/值对的集合，这些键/值对提供有关异常的其他用户定义的信息。 (继承自 Exception)
HelpLink	获取或设置与此异常关联的帮助文件的链接。 (继承自 Exception)
HResult	获取或设置 HRESULT，它是分配给特定异常的编码数值。 (继承自 Exception)
InnerException	Exception获取导致当前异常的实例。 (继承自 Exception)
Message	获取无效参数值的错误消息和字符串表示形式，或者仅当参数值为 null 时，才会显示错误消息。
ParamName	获取导致此异常的参数的名称。 (继承自 ArgumentException)
Source	获取或设置导致错误的应用程序或对象的名称。 (继承自 Exception)
StackTrace	获取调用堆栈上即时帧的字符串表示形式。 (继承自 Exception)
TargetSite	获取引发当前异常的方法。 (继承自 Exception)

方法

名称	说明
Equals(Object)	确定指定的对象是否等于当前对象。 (继承自 Object)
GetBaseException()	在派生类中重写时，返回 Exception 一个或多个后续异常的根本原因。 (继承自 Exception)
GetHashCode()	用作默认哈希函数。 (继承自 Object)
GetObjectData(SerializationInfo, StreamingContext)	已过时. SerializationInfo使用无效的参数值和其他异常信息设置对象。
GetType()	获取当前实例的运行时类型。 (继承自 Exception)
MemberwiseClone()	创建当前 Object的浅表副本。 (继承自 Object)
ThrowIfEqual<T>(T, T, String)	引发 ArgumentOutOfRangeException if value 等于 other.
ThrowIfGreaterThan<T>(T, T, String)	引发 ArgumentOutOfRangeException if value 大于 other。
ThrowIfGreaterThanOrEqual<T>(T, T, String)	引发 ArgumentOutOfRangeException if value 大于或等于 other。
ThrowIfLessThan<T>(T, T, String)	ArgumentOutOfRangeException value引发 if 小于 other。
ThrowIfLessThanOrEqual<T>(T, T, String)	引发 ArgumentOutOfRangeExceptionvalue if 小于或等于 other。
ThrowIfNegative<T>(T, String)	ArgumentOutOfRangeException引发 if value 为负值。
ThrowIfNegativeOrZero<T>(T, String)	如果ArgumentOutOfRangeExceptionvalue为负数或零，则引发值。
ThrowIfNotEqual<T>(T, T, String)	引发 ArgumentOutOfRangeException if value 不等于 other。
ThrowIfZero<T>(T, String)	ArgumentOutOfRangeException引发 if value 为零。
ToString()	创建并返回当前异常的字符串表示形式。 (继承自 Exception)

活动

名称	说明
SerializeObjectState	已过时. 序列化异常以创建包含有关异常的序列化数据的异常状态对象时发生。 (继承自 Exception)

另请参阅

• Exception