IDictionaryEnumerator 接口

定义

命名空间:

System.Collections

程序集:

netstandard.dll, System.Runtime.dll

枚举非泛型字典的元素。

C#

public interface IDictionaryEnumerator : System.Collections.IEnumerator

派生

System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<TKey,TValue>.Enumerator

System.Collections.Generic.OrderedDictionary<TKey,TValue>.Enumerator

System.Collections.Generic.SortedDictionary<TKey,TValue>.Enumerator

System.Windows.Markup.Localizer.BamlLocalizationDictionaryEnumerator

实现

IEnumerator

示例

此代码示例演示如何定义实现 IDictionaryEnumerator 接口的字典枚举器。

C#

using System;
using System.Collections;

// This class implements a simple dictionary using an array of DictionaryEntry objects (key/value pairs).
public class SimpleDictionary : IDictionary
{
    // The array of items
    private DictionaryEntry[] items;
    private Int32 ItemsInUse = 0;

    // Construct the SimpleDictionary with the desired number of items.
    // The number of items cannot change for the life time of this SimpleDictionary.
    public SimpleDictionary(Int32 numItems)
    {
        items = new DictionaryEntry[numItems];
    }

    #region IDictionary Members
    public bool IsReadOnly { get { return false; } }
    public bool Contains(object key)
    {
       Int32 index;
       return TryGetIndexOfKey(key, out index);
    }
    public bool IsFixedSize { get { return false; } }
    public void Remove(object key)
    {
        if (key == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("key");
        // Try to find the key in the DictionaryEntry array
        Int32 index;
        if (TryGetIndexOfKey(key, out index))
        {
            // If the key is found, slide all the items up.
            Array.Copy(items, index + 1, items, index, ItemsInUse - index - 1);
            ItemsInUse--;
        }
        else
        {
            // If the key is not in the dictionary, just return.
        }
    }
    public void Clear() { ItemsInUse = 0; }
    public void Add(object key, object value)
    {
        // Add the new key/value pair even if this key already exists in the dictionary.
        if (ItemsInUse == items.Length)
            throw new InvalidOperationException("The dictionary cannot hold any more items.");
        items[ItemsInUse++] = new DictionaryEntry(key, value);
    }
    public ICollection Keys
    {
        get
        {
            // Return an array where each item is a key.
            Object[] keys = new Object[ItemsInUse];
            for (Int32 n = 0; n < ItemsInUse; n++)
                keys[n] = items[n].Key;
            return keys;
        }
    }
    public ICollection Values
    {
        get
        {
            // Return an array where each item is a value.
            Object[] values = new Object[ItemsInUse];
            for (Int32 n = 0; n < ItemsInUse; n++)
                values[n] = items[n].Value;
            return values;
        }
    }
    public object this[object key]
    {
        get
        {
            // If this key is in the dictionary, return its value.
            Int32 index;
            if (TryGetIndexOfKey(key, out index))
            {
                // The key was found; return its value.
                return items[index].Value;
            }
            else
            {
                // The key was not found; return null.
                return null;
            }
        }

        set
        {
            // If this key is in the dictionary, change its value.
            Int32 index;
            if (TryGetIndexOfKey(key, out index))
            {
                // The key was found; change its value.
                items[index].Value = value;
            }
            else
            {
                // This key is not in the dictionary; add this key/value pair.
                Add(key, value);
            }
        }
    }
    private Boolean TryGetIndexOfKey(Object key, out Int32 index)
    {
        for (index = 0; index < ItemsInUse; index++)
        {
            // If the key is found, return true (the index is also returned).
            if (items[index].Key.Equals(key)) return true;
        }

        // Key not found, return false (index should be ignored by the caller).
        return false;
    }
    private class SimpleDictionaryEnumerator : IDictionaryEnumerator
    {
        // A copy of the SimpleDictionary object's key/value pairs.
        DictionaryEntry[] items;
        Int32 index = -1;

        public SimpleDictionaryEnumerator(SimpleDictionary sd)
        {
            // Make a copy of the dictionary entries currently in the SimpleDictionary object.
            items = new DictionaryEntry[sd.Count];
            Array.Copy(sd.items, 0, items, 0, sd.Count);
        }

        // Return the current item.
        public Object Current { get { ValidateIndex(); return items[index]; } }

        // Return the current dictionary entry.
        public DictionaryEntry Entry
        {
            get { return (DictionaryEntry) Current; }
        }

        // Return the key of the current item.
        public Object Key { get { ValidateIndex();  return items[index].Key; } }

        // Return the value of the current item.
        public Object Value { get { ValidateIndex();  return items[index].Value; } }

        // Advance to the next item.
        public Boolean MoveNext()
        {
            if (index < items.Length - 1) { index++; return true; }
            return false;
        }

        // Validate the enumeration index and throw an exception if the index is out of range.
        private void ValidateIndex()
        {
            if (index < 0 || index >= items.Length)
            throw new InvalidOperationException("Enumerator is before or after the collection.");
        }

        // Reset the index to restart the enumeration.
        public void Reset()
        {
            index = -1;
        }
    }
    public IDictionaryEnumerator GetEnumerator()
    {
        // Construct and return an enumerator.
        return new SimpleDictionaryEnumerator(this);
    }
    #endregion

    #region ICollection Members
    public bool IsSynchronized { get { return false; } }
    public object SyncRoot { get { throw new NotImplementedException(); } }
    public int Count { get { return ItemsInUse; } }
    public void CopyTo(Array array, int index) { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
    #endregion

    #region IEnumerable Members
    IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
    {
        // Construct and return an enumerator.
        return ((IDictionary)this).GetEnumerator();
    }
    #endregion
}

public sealed class App
{
    static void Main()
    {
        // Create a dictionary that contains no more than three entries.
        IDictionary d = new SimpleDictionary(3);

        // Add three people and their ages to the dictionary.
        d.Add("Jeff", 40);
        d.Add("Kristin", 34);
        d.Add("Aidan", 1);

        Console.WriteLine("Number of elements in dictionary = {0}", d.Count);

        Console.WriteLine("Does dictionary contain 'Jeff'? {0}", d.Contains("Jeff"));
        Console.WriteLine("Jeff's age is {0}", d["Jeff"]);

        // Display every entry's key and value.
        foreach (DictionaryEntry de in d)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0} is {1} years old.", de.Key, de.Value);
        }

        // Remove an entry that exists.
        d.Remove("Jeff");

        // Remove an entry that does not exist, but do not throw an exception.
        d.Remove("Max");

        // Show the names (keys) of the people in the dictionary.
        foreach (String s in d.Keys)
            Console.WriteLine(s);

        // Show the ages (values) of the people in the dictionary.
        foreach (Int32 age in d.Values)
            Console.WriteLine(age);
    }
}

// This code produces the following output.
//
// Number of elements in dictionary = 3
// Does dictionary contain 'Jeff'? True
// Jeff's age is 40
// Jeff is 40 years old.
// Kristin is 34 years old.
// Aidan is 1 years old.
// Kristin
// Aidan
// 34
// 1

注解

C# 语言的 foreach 语句（在 Visual Basic 中for each）隐藏枚举器的复杂性。 因此，建议使用 foreach，而不是直接操作枚举器。

枚举器可用于读取集合中的数据，但不能用于修改基础集合。

最初，枚举器位于集合中的第一个元素之前。 Reset 方法还会将枚举器带回此位置。 在此位置，Current 未定义。 因此，在读取 Current值之前，必须调用 MoveNext 方法将枚举器提升到集合的第一个元素。

Current 返回相同的对象，直到调用 MoveNext 或 Reset。 MoveNext 将 Current 设置为下一个元素。

如果 MoveNext 传递集合的末尾，则枚举器位于集合中的最后一个元素之后，MoveNext 返回 false。 当枚举器处于此位置时，对 MoveNext 的后续调用也会返回 false。 如果最后一次调用 MoveNext 返回 false，则 Current 未定义。 若要再次将 Current 设置为集合的第一个元素，可以调用 Reset 后跟 MoveNext。

只要集合保持不变，枚举器就保持有效。 如果对集合进行了更改（例如添加、修改或删除元素），枚举器将不可恢复地失效，并且对 MoveNext 或 Reset 的下一次调用将引发 InvalidOperationException。

枚举器不具有对集合的独占访问权限;因此，通过集合进行枚举本质上不是线程安全的过程。 即使集合同步，其他线程仍可以修改集合，这会导致枚举器引发异常。 若要保证枚举期间的线程安全性，可以在整个枚举期间锁定集合，也可以捕获由其他线程所做的更改导致的异常。

实施者说明

从 IEnumerator 继承的 Current 属性返回一个装箱 DictionaryEntry的 Object。 它类似于 Entry 属性，但 Entry 返回 DictionaryEntry 而不是 Object。

属性

Current	获取集合中枚举器当前位置的元素。 (继承自 IEnumerator)
Entry	获取当前字典条目的键和值。
Key	获取当前字典条目的键。
Value	获取当前字典条目的值。

方法

MoveNext()	将枚举器推进到集合的下一个元素。 (继承自 IEnumerator)
Reset()	将枚举器设置为其初始位置，该位置位于集合中的第一个元素之前。 (继承自 IEnumerator)

适用于

另请参阅

• IDictionary
• IEnumerator
• IEnumerator<T>