KeyedCollection<TKey,TItem>.ClearItems 方法
定义
重要
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从 KeyedCollection<TKey,TItem> 中移除所有元素。
protected:
override void ClearItems();protected override void ClearItems ();override this.ClearItems : unit -> unitProtected Overrides Sub ClearItems ()示例
本部分包含两个代码示例，演示如何重写 ClearItems 方法以提供自定义行为来清除集合中的所有对象。 第一个示例添加自定义通知事件，第二个示例提供对具有可变键的对象集合的支持。
示例 1
下面的代码示例演示如何重写受保护的 、、 和 方法，以便为 Add、 Remove和 Clear 方法提供自定义行为，以及如何在 C#) 中 (索引器设置默认Item[]属性。SetItemClearItemsRemoveItemInsertItem 此示例中提供的自定义行为是一个名为 Changed的通知事件，该事件在每个重写的方法的末尾引发。
代码示例创建 SimpleOrder 类，该类派生自 KeyedCollection<TKey,TItem> 并表示简单订单形式。 订单窗体包含 OrderItem 表示已排序项的对象。 该代码示例还创建一个 SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs 类来包含事件信息，并创建一个枚举来标识更改的类型。
该代码示例通过在 类的 方法中 Main 调用派生类的属性和方法 Demo 来演示自定义行为。
此代码示例使用具有不可变键的对象。 有关使用可变键的代码示例，请参阅 ChangeItemKey。
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections::Generic;
using namespace System::Collections::ObjectModel;
public enum class ChangeTypes
{
Added,
Removed,
Replaced,
Cleared
};
ref class SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs;
// This class represents a simple line item in an order. All the
// values are immutable except quantity.
//
public ref class OrderItem
{
private:
int _quantity;
public:
initonly int PartNumber;
initonly String^ Description;
initonly double UnitPrice;
OrderItem(int partNumber, String^ description, int quantity,
double unitPrice)
{
this->PartNumber = partNumber;
this->Description = description;
this->Quantity = quantity;
this->UnitPrice = unitPrice;
};
property int Quantity
{
int get() { return _quantity; };
void set(int value)
{
if (value < 0)
throw gcnew ArgumentException("Quantity cannot be negative.");
_quantity = value;
};
};
virtual String^ ToString() override
{
return String::Format(
"{0,9} {1,6} {2,-12} at {3,8:#,###.00} = {4,10:###,###.00}",
PartNumber, _quantity, Description, UnitPrice,
UnitPrice * _quantity);
};
};
// Event argument for the Changed event.
//
public ref class SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs : EventArgs
{
public:
OrderItem^ ChangedItem;
initonly ChangeTypes ChangeType;
OrderItem^ ReplacedWith;
SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs(ChangeTypes change,
OrderItem^ item, OrderItem^ replacement)
{
this->ChangeType = change;
this->ChangedItem = item;
this->ReplacedWith = replacement;
}
};
// This class derives from KeyedCollection and shows how to override
// the protected ClearItems, InsertItem, RemoveItem, and SetItem
// methods in order to change the behavior of the default Item
// property and the Add, Clear, Insert, and Remove methods. The
// class implements a Changed event, which is raised by all the
// protected methods.
//
// SimpleOrder is a collection of OrderItem objects, and its key
// is the PartNumber field of OrderItem-> PartNumber is an Integer,
// so SimpleOrder inherits KeyedCollection<int, OrderItem>.
// (Note that the key of OrderItem cannot be changed; if it could
// be changed, SimpleOrder would have to override ChangeItemKey.)
//
public ref class SimpleOrder : KeyedCollection<int, OrderItem^>
{
public:
event EventHandler<SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs^>^ Changed;
// This parameterless constructor calls the base class constructor
// that specifies a dictionary threshold of 0, so that the internal
// dictionary is created as soon as an item is added to the
// collection.
//
SimpleOrder() : KeyedCollection<int, OrderItem^>(nullptr, 0) {};
// This is the only method that absolutely must be overridden,
// because without it the KeyedCollection cannot extract the
// keys from the items.
//
protected:
virtual int GetKeyForItem(OrderItem^ item) override
{
// In this example, the key is the part number.
return item->PartNumber;
}
virtual void InsertItem(int index, OrderItem^ newItem) override
{
__super::InsertItem(index, newItem);
Changed(this, gcnew SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs(
ChangeTypes::Added, newItem, nullptr));
}
virtual void SetItem(int index, OrderItem^ newItem) override
{
OrderItem^ replaced = this->Items[index];
__super::SetItem(index, newItem);
Changed(this, gcnew SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs(
ChangeTypes::Replaced, replaced, newItem));
}
virtual void RemoveItem(int index) override
{
OrderItem^ removedItem = Items[index];
__super::RemoveItem(index);
Changed(this, gcnew SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs(
ChangeTypes::Removed, removedItem, nullptr));
}
virtual void ClearItems() override
{
__super::ClearItems();
Changed(this, gcnew SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs(
ChangeTypes::Cleared, nullptr, nullptr));
}
// This method uses the internal reference to the dictionary
// to test fo
public:
void AddOrMerge(OrderItem^ newItem)
{
int key = this->GetKeyForItem(newItem);
OrderItem^ existingItem = nullptr;
// The dictionary is not created until the first item is
// added, so it is necessary to test for null. Using
// AndAlso ensures that TryGetValue is not called if the
// dictionary does not exist.
//
if (this->Dictionary != nullptr &&
this->Dictionary->TryGetValue(key, existingItem))
{
existingItem->Quantity += newItem->Quantity;
}
else
{
this->Add(newItem);
}
}
};
public ref class Demo
{
public:
static void Main()
{
SimpleOrder^ weekly = gcnew SimpleOrder();
weekly->Changed += gcnew
EventHandler<SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs^>(ChangedHandler);
// The Add method, inherited from Collection, takes OrderItem->
//
weekly->Add(gcnew OrderItem(110072674, "Widget", 400, 45.17));
weekly->Add(gcnew OrderItem(110072675, "Sprocket", 27, 5.3));
weekly->Add(gcnew OrderItem(101030411, "Motor", 10, 237.5));
weekly->Add(gcnew OrderItem(110072684, "Gear", 175, 5.17));
Display(weekly);
// The Contains method of KeyedCollection takes TKey.
//
Console::WriteLine("\nContains(101030411): {0}",
weekly->Contains(101030411));
// The default Item property of KeyedCollection takes the key
// type, Integer. The property is read-only.
//
Console::WriteLine("\nweekly[101030411]->Description: {0}",
weekly[101030411]->Description);
// The Remove method of KeyedCollection takes a key.
//
Console::WriteLine("\nRemove(101030411)");
weekly->Remove(101030411);
// The Insert method, inherited from Collection, takes an
// index and an OrderItem.
//
Console::WriteLine("\nInsert(2, gcnew OrderItem(...))");
weekly->Insert(2, gcnew OrderItem(111033401, "Nut", 10, .5));
// The default Item property is overloaded. One overload comes
// from KeyedCollection<int, OrderItem>; that overload
// is read-only, and takes Integer because it retrieves by key.
// The other overload comes from Collection<OrderItem>, the
// base class of KeyedCollection<int, OrderItem>; it
// retrieves by index, so it also takes an Integer. The compiler
// uses the most-derived overload, from KeyedCollection, so the
// only way to access SimpleOrder by index is to cast it to
// Collection<OrderItem>. Otherwise the index is interpreted
// as a key, and KeyNotFoundException is thrown.
//
Collection<OrderItem^>^ coweekly = weekly;
Console::WriteLine("\ncoweekly[2].Description: {0}",
coweekly[2]->Description);
Console::WriteLine("\ncoweekly[2] = gcnew OrderItem(...)");
coweekly[2] = gcnew OrderItem(127700026, "Crank", 27, 5.98);
OrderItem^ temp = coweekly[2];
// The IndexOf method, inherited from Collection<OrderItem>,
// takes an OrderItem instead of a key.
//
Console::WriteLine("\nIndexOf(temp): {0}", weekly->IndexOf(temp));
// The inherited Remove method also takes an OrderItem->
//
Console::WriteLine("\nRemove(temp)");
weekly->Remove(temp);
Console::WriteLine("\nRemoveAt(0)");
weekly->RemoveAt(0);
weekly->AddOrMerge(gcnew OrderItem(110072684, "Gear", 1000, 5.17));
Display(weekly);
Console::WriteLine();
weekly->Clear();
}
private:
static void Display(SimpleOrder^ order)
{
Console::WriteLine();
for each( OrderItem^ item in order )
{
Console::WriteLine(item);
}
}
static void ChangedHandler(Object^ source,
SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs^ e)
{
OrderItem^ item = e->ChangedItem;
if (e->ChangeType == ChangeTypes::Replaced)
{
OrderItem^ replacement = e->ReplacedWith;
Console::WriteLine("{0} (quantity {1}) was replaced " +
"by {2}, (quantity {3}).", item->Description,
item->Quantity, replacement->Description,
replacement->Quantity);
}
else if(e->ChangeType == ChangeTypes::Cleared)
{
Console::WriteLine("The order list was cleared.");
}
else
{
Console::WriteLine("{0} (quantity {1}) was {2}.",
item->Description, item->Quantity, e->ChangeType);
}
}
};
void main()
{
Demo::Main();
}
/* This code example produces the following output:
Widget (quantity 400) was Added.
Sprocket (quantity 27) was Added.
Motor (quantity 10) was Added.
Gear (quantity 175) was Added.
110072674 400 Widget at 45.17 = 18,068.00
110072675 27 Sprocket at 5.30 = 143.10
101030411 10 Motor at 237.50 = 2,375.00
110072684 175 Gear at 5.17 = 904.75
Contains(101030411): True
weekly[101030411]->Description: Motor
Remove(101030411)
Motor (quantity 10) was Removed.
Insert(2, gcnew OrderItem(...))
Nut (quantity 10) was Added.
coweekly[2].Description: Nut
coweekly[2] = gcnew OrderItem(...)
Nut (quantity 10) was replaced by Crank, (quantity 27).
IndexOf(temp): 2
Remove(temp)
Crank (quantity 27) was Removed.
RemoveAt(0)
Widget (quantity 400) was Removed.
110072675 27 Sprocket at 5.30 = 143.10
110072684 1175 Gear at 5.17 = 6,074.75
The order list was cleared.
*/
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
// This class derives from KeyedCollection and shows how to override
// the protected ClearItems, InsertItem, RemoveItem, and SetItem
// methods in order to change the behavior of the default Item
// property and the Add, Clear, Insert, and Remove methods. The
// class implements a Changed event, which is raised by all the
// protected methods.
//
// SimpleOrder is a collection of OrderItem objects, and its key
// is the PartNumber field of OrderItem. PartNumber is an Integer,
// so SimpleOrder inherits KeyedCollection<int, OrderItem>.
// (Note that the key of OrderItem cannot be changed; if it could
// be changed, SimpleOrder would have to override ChangeItemKey.)
//
public class SimpleOrder : KeyedCollection<int, OrderItem>
{
public event EventHandler<SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs> Changed;
// This parameterless constructor calls the base class constructor
// that specifies a dictionary threshold of 0, so that the internal
// dictionary is created as soon as an item is added to the
// collection.
//
public SimpleOrder() : base(null, 0) {}
// This is the only method that absolutely must be overridden,
// because without it the KeyedCollection cannot extract the
// keys from the items.
//
protected override int GetKeyForItem(OrderItem item)
{
// In this example, the key is the part number.
return item.PartNumber;
}
protected override void InsertItem(int index, OrderItem newItem)
{
base.InsertItem(index, newItem);
EventHandler<SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs> temp = Changed;
if (temp != null)
{
temp(this, new SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs(
ChangeType.Added, newItem, null));
}
}
protected override void SetItem(int index, OrderItem newItem)
{
OrderItem replaced = Items[index];
base.SetItem(index, newItem);
EventHandler<SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs> temp = Changed;
if (temp != null)
{
temp(this, new SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs(
ChangeType.Replaced, replaced, newItem));
}
}
protected override void RemoveItem(int index)
{
OrderItem removedItem = Items[index];
base.RemoveItem(index);
EventHandler<SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs> temp = Changed;
if (temp != null)
{
temp(this, new SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs(
ChangeType.Removed, removedItem, null));
}
}
protected override void ClearItems()
{
base.ClearItems();
EventHandler<SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs> temp = Changed;
if (temp != null)
{
temp(this, new SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs(
ChangeType.Cleared, null, null));
}
}
}
// Event argument for the Changed event.
//
public class SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs : EventArgs
{
private OrderItem _changedItem;
private ChangeType _changeType;
private OrderItem _replacedWith;
public OrderItem ChangedItem { get { return _changedItem; }}
public ChangeType ChangeType { get { return _changeType; }}
public OrderItem ReplacedWith { get { return _replacedWith; }}
public SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs(ChangeType change,
OrderItem item, OrderItem replacement)
{
_changeType = change;
_changedItem = item;
_replacedWith = replacement;
}
}
public enum ChangeType
{
Added,
Removed,
Replaced,
Cleared
};
public class Demo
{
public static void Main()
{
SimpleOrder weekly = new SimpleOrder();
weekly.Changed += new
EventHandler<SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs>(ChangedHandler);
// The Add method, inherited from Collection, takes OrderItem.
//
weekly.Add(new OrderItem(110072674, "Widget", 400, 45.17));
weekly.Add(new OrderItem(110072675, "Sprocket", 27, 5.3));
weekly.Add(new OrderItem(101030411, "Motor", 10, 237.5));
weekly.Add(new OrderItem(110072684, "Gear", 175, 5.17));
Display(weekly);
// The Contains method of KeyedCollection takes TKey.
//
Console.WriteLine("\nContains(101030411): {0}",
weekly.Contains(101030411));
// The default Item property of KeyedCollection takes the key
// type, Integer. The property is read-only.
//
Console.WriteLine("\nweekly[101030411].Description: {0}",
weekly[101030411].Description);
// The Remove method of KeyedCollection takes a key.
//
Console.WriteLine("\nRemove(101030411)");
weekly.Remove(101030411);
// The Insert method, inherited from Collection, takes an
// index and an OrderItem.
//
Console.WriteLine("\nInsert(2, new OrderItem(...))");
weekly.Insert(2, new OrderItem(111033401, "Nut", 10, .5));
// The default Item property is overloaded. One overload comes
// from KeyedCollection<int, OrderItem>; that overload
// is read-only, and takes Integer because it retrieves by key.
// The other overload comes from Collection<OrderItem>, the
// base class of KeyedCollection<int, OrderItem>; it
// retrieves by index, so it also takes an Integer. The compiler
// uses the most-derived overload, from KeyedCollection, so the
// only way to access SimpleOrder by index is to cast it to
// Collection<OrderItem>. Otherwise the index is interpreted
// as a key, and KeyNotFoundException is thrown.
//
Collection<OrderItem> coweekly = weekly;
Console.WriteLine("\ncoweekly[2].Description: {0}",
coweekly[2].Description);
Console.WriteLine("\ncoweekly[2] = new OrderItem(...)");
coweekly[2] = new OrderItem(127700026, "Crank", 27, 5.98);
OrderItem temp = coweekly[2];
// The IndexOf method, inherited from Collection<OrderItem>,
// takes an OrderItem instead of a key.
//
Console.WriteLine("\nIndexOf(temp): {0}", weekly.IndexOf(temp));
// The inherited Remove method also takes an OrderItem.
//
Console.WriteLine("\nRemove(temp)");
weekly.Remove(temp);
Console.WriteLine("\nRemoveAt(0)");
weekly.RemoveAt(0);
// Increase the quantity for a line item.
Console.WriteLine("\ncoweekly(1) = New OrderItem(...)");
coweekly[1] = new OrderItem(coweekly[1].PartNumber,
coweekly[1].Description, coweekly[1].Quantity + 1000,
coweekly[1].UnitPrice);
Display(weekly);
Console.WriteLine();
weekly.Clear();
}
private static void Display(SimpleOrder order)
{
Console.WriteLine();
foreach( OrderItem item in order )
{
Console.WriteLine(item);
}
}
private static void ChangedHandler(object source,
SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs e)
{
OrderItem item = e.ChangedItem;
if (e.ChangeType==ChangeType.Replaced)
{
OrderItem replacement = e.ReplacedWith;
Console.WriteLine("{0} (quantity {1}) was replaced " +
"by {2}, (quantity {3}).", item.Description,
item.Quantity, replacement.Description,
replacement.Quantity);
}
else if(e.ChangeType == ChangeType.Cleared)
{
Console.WriteLine("The order list was cleared.");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} (quantity {1}) was {2}.",
item.Description, item.Quantity, e.ChangeType);
}
}
}
// This class represents a simple line item in an order. All the
// values are immutable except quantity.
//
public class OrderItem
{
private int _partNumber;
private string _description;
private double _unitPrice;
private int _quantity;
public int PartNumber { get { return _partNumber; }}
public string Description { get { return _description; }}
public double UnitPrice { get { return _unitPrice; }}
public int Quantity { get { return _quantity; }}
public OrderItem(int partNumber, string description, int quantity,
double unitPrice)
{
_partNumber = partNumber;
_description = description;
_quantity = quantity;
_unitPrice = unitPrice;
}
public override string ToString()
{
return String.Format(
"{0,9} {1,6} {2,-12} at {3,8:#,###.00} = {4,10:###,###.00}",
PartNumber, _quantity, Description, UnitPrice,
UnitPrice * _quantity);
}
}
/* This code example produces the following output:
Widget (quantity 400) was Added.
Sprocket (quantity 27) was Added.
Motor (quantity 10) was Added.
Gear (quantity 175) was Added.
110072674 400 Widget at 45.17 = 18,068.00
110072675 27 Sprocket at 5.30 = 143.10
101030411 10 Motor at 237.50 = 2,375.00
110072684 175 Gear at 5.17 = 904.75
Contains(101030411): True
weekly[101030411].Description: Motor
Remove(101030411)
Motor (quantity 10) was Removed.
Insert(2, new OrderItem(...))
Nut (quantity 10) was Added.
coweekly[2].Description: Nut
coweekly[2] = new OrderItem(...)
Nut (quantity 10) was replaced by Crank, (quantity 27).
IndexOf(temp): 2
Remove(temp)
Crank (quantity 27) was Removed.
RemoveAt(0)
Widget (quantity 400) was Removed.
coweekly(1) = New OrderItem(...)
Gear (quantity 175) was replaced by Gear, (quantity 1175).
110072675 27 Sprocket at 5.30 = 143.10
110072684 1175 Gear at 5.17 = 6,074.75
The order list was cleared.
*/
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Collections.ObjectModel
' This class derives from KeyedCollection and shows how to override
' the protected ClearItems, InsertItem, RemoveItem, and SetItem
' methods in order to change the behavior of the default Item
' property and the Add, Clear, Insert, and Remove methods. The
' class implements a Changed event, which is raised by all the
' protected methods.
'
' SimpleOrder is a collection of OrderItem objects, and its key
' is the PartNumber field of OrderItem. PartNumber is an Integer,
' so SimpleOrder inherits KeyedCollection(Of Integer, OrderItem).
' (Note that the key of OrderItem cannot be changed; if it could
' be changed, SimpleOrder would have to override ChangeItemKey.)
'
Public Class SimpleOrder
Inherits KeyedCollection(Of Integer, OrderItem)
Public Event Changed As EventHandler(Of SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs)
' This parameterless constructor calls the base class constructor
' that specifies a dictionary threshold of 0, so that the internal
' dictionary is created as soon as an item is added to the
' collection.
'
Public Sub New()
MyBase.New(Nothing, 0)
End Sub
' This is the only method that absolutely must be overridden,
' because without it the KeyedCollection cannot extract the
' keys from the items.
'
Protected Overrides Function GetKeyForItem( _
ByVal item As OrderItem) As Integer
' In this example, the key is the part number.
Return item.PartNumber
End Function
Protected Overrides Sub InsertItem( _
ByVal index As Integer, ByVal newItem As OrderItem)
MyBase.InsertItem(index, newItem)
RaiseEvent Changed(Me, New SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs( _
ChangeType.Added, newItem, Nothing))
End Sub
Protected Overrides Sub SetItem(ByVal index As Integer, _
ByVal newItem As OrderItem)
Dim replaced As OrderItem = Items(index)
MyBase.SetItem(index, newItem)
RaiseEvent Changed(Me, New SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs( _
ChangeType.Replaced, replaced, newItem))
End Sub
Protected Overrides Sub RemoveItem(ByVal index As Integer)
Dim removedItem As OrderItem = Items(index)
MyBase.RemoveItem(index)
RaiseEvent Changed(Me, New SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs( _
ChangeType.Removed, removedItem, Nothing))
End Sub
Protected Overrides Sub ClearItems()
MyBase.ClearItems()
RaiseEvent Changed(Me, New SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs( _
ChangeType.Cleared, Nothing, Nothing))
End Sub
End Class
' Event argument for the Changed event.
'
Public Class SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs
Inherits EventArgs
Private _changedItem As OrderItem
Private _changeType As ChangeType
Private _replacedWith As OrderItem
Public ReadOnly Property ChangedItem As OrderItem
Get
Return _changedItem
End Get
End Property
Public ReadOnly Property ChangeType As ChangeType
Get
Return _changeType
End Get
End Property
Public ReadOnly Property ReplacedWith As OrderItem
Get
Return _replacedWith
End Get
End Property
Public Sub New(ByVal change As ChangeType, ByVal item As OrderItem, _
ByVal replacement As OrderItem)
_changeType = change
_changedItem = item
_replacedWith = replacement
End Sub
End Class
Public Enum ChangeType
Added
Removed
Replaced
Cleared
End Enum
Public Class Demo
Public Shared Sub Main()
Dim weekly As New SimpleOrder()
AddHandler weekly.Changed, AddressOf ChangedHandler
' The Add method, inherited from Collection, takes OrderItem.
'
weekly.Add(New OrderItem(110072674, "Widget", 400, 45.17))
weekly.Add(New OrderItem(110072675, "Sprocket", 27, 5.3))
weekly.Add(New OrderItem(101030411, "Motor", 10, 237.5))
weekly.Add(New OrderItem(110072684, "Gear", 175, 5.17))
Display(weekly)
' The Contains method of KeyedCollection takes TKey.
'
Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "Contains(101030411): {0}", _
weekly.Contains(101030411))
' The default Item property of KeyedCollection takes the key
' type, Integer. The property is read-only.
'
Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "weekly(101030411).Description: {0}", _
weekly(101030411).Description)
' The Remove method of KeyedCollection takes a key.
'
Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "Remove(101030411)")
weekly.Remove(101030411)
' The Insert method, inherited from Collection, takes an
' index and an OrderItem.
'
Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "Insert(2, New OrderItem(...))")
weekly.Insert(2, New OrderItem(111033401, "Nut", 10, .5))
' The default Item property is overloaded. One overload comes
' from KeyedCollection(Of Integer, OrderItem); that overload
' is read-only, and takes Integer because it retrieves by key.
' The other overload comes from Collection(Of OrderItem), the
' base class of KeyedCollection(Of Integer, OrderItem); it
' retrieves by index, so it also takes an Integer. The compiler
' uses the most-derived overload, from KeyedCollection, so the
' only way to access SimpleOrder by index is to cast it to
' Collection(Of OrderItem). Otherwise the index is interpreted
' as a key, and KeyNotFoundException is thrown.
'
Dim coweekly As Collection(Of OrderItem) = weekly
Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "coweekly(2).Description: {0}", _
coweekly(2).Description)
Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "coweekly(2) = New OrderItem(...)")
coweekly(2) = New OrderItem(127700026, "Crank", 27, 5.98)
Dim temp As OrderItem = coweekly(2)
' The IndexOf method, inherited from Collection(Of OrderItem),
' takes an OrderItem instead of a key.
'
Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "IndexOf(temp): {0}", _
weekly.IndexOf(temp))
' The inherited Remove method also takes an OrderItem.
'
Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "Remove(temp)")
weekly.Remove(temp)
Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "RemoveAt(0)")
weekly.RemoveAt(0)
' Increase the quantity for a line item.
Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "coweekly(1) = New OrderItem(...)")
coweekly(1) = New OrderItem(coweekly(1).PartNumber, _
coweekly(1).Description, coweekly(1).Quantity + 1000, _
coweekly(1).UnitPrice)
Display(weekly)
Console.WriteLine()
weekly.Clear()
End Sub
Private Shared Sub Display(ByVal order As SimpleOrder)
Console.WriteLine()
For Each item As OrderItem In order
Console.WriteLine(item)
Next item
End Sub
Private Shared Sub ChangedHandler(ByVal source As Object, _
ByVal e As SimpleOrderChangedEventArgs)
Dim item As OrderItem = e.ChangedItem
If e.ChangeType = ChangeType.Replaced Then
Dim replacement As OrderItem = e.ReplacedWith
Console.WriteLine("{0} (quantity {1}) was replaced " & _
"by {2}, (quantity {3}).", item.Description, _
item.Quantity, replacement.Description, replacement.Quantity)
ElseIf e.ChangeType = ChangeType.Cleared Then
Console.WriteLine("The order list was cleared.")
Else
Console.WriteLine("{0} (quantity {1}) was {2}.", _
item.Description, item.Quantity, e.ChangeType)
End If
End Sub
End Class
' This class represents a simple line item in an order. All the
' values are immutable except quantity.
'
Public Class OrderItem
Private _partNumber As Integer
Private _description As String
Private _unitPrice As Double
Private _quantity As Integer
Public ReadOnly Property PartNumber As Integer
Get
Return _partNumber
End Get
End Property
Public ReadOnly Property Description As String
Get
Return _description
End Get
End Property
Public ReadOnly Property UnitPrice As Double
Get
Return _unitPrice
End Get
End Property
Public ReadOnly Property Quantity() As Integer
Get
Return _quantity
End Get
End Property
Public Sub New(ByVal partNumber As Integer, _
ByVal description As String, _
ByVal quantity As Integer, _
ByVal unitPrice As Double)
_partNumber = partNumber
_description = description
_quantity = quantity
_unitPrice = unitPrice
End Sub
Public Overrides Function ToString() As String
Return String.Format( _
"{0,9} {1,6} {2,-12} at {3,8:#,###.00} = {4,10:###,###.00}", _
PartNumber, _quantity, Description, UnitPrice, _
UnitPrice * _quantity)
End Function
End Class
' This code example produces the following output:
'
'Widget (quantity 400) was Added.
'Sprocket (quantity 27) was Added.
'Motor (quantity 10) was Added.
'Gear (quantity 175) was Added.
'
'110072674 400 Widget at 45.17 = 18,068.00
'110072675 27 Sprocket at 5.30 = 143.10
'101030411 10 Motor at 237.50 = 2,375.00
'110072684 175 Gear at 5.17 = 904.75
'
'Contains(101030411): True
'
'weekly(101030411).Description: Motor
'
'Remove(101030411)
'Motor (quantity 10) was Removed.
'
'Insert(2, New OrderItem(...))
'Nut (quantity 10) was Added.
'
'coweekly(2).Description: Nut
'
'coweekly(2) = New OrderItem(...)
'Nut (quantity 10) was replaced by Crank, (quantity 27).
'
'IndexOf(temp): 2
'
'Remove(temp)
'Crank (quantity 27) was Removed.
'
'RemoveAt(0)
'Widget (quantity 400) was Removed.
'
'coweekly(1) = New OrderItem(...)
'Gear (quantity 175) was replaced by Gear, (quantity 1175).
'
'110072675 27 Sprocket at 5.30 = 143.10
'110072684 1175 Gear at 5.17 = 6,074.75
'
'The order list was cleared.
示例 2
下面的代码示例演示如何重写受保护的 ChangeItemKey 方法以支持可变键，以及如何重写受保护的 InsertItem、 RemoveItem、 ClearItems和 SetItem 方法来维护密钥和集合的完整性。
该代码示例创建 MutableKeys 派生自 KeyedCollection<TKey,TItem>的 集合和 MutableKey 类。 类 MutableKey 具有可 Key 设置的属性。 将新键分配给 属性时，属性资源库调用 internal 集合的 Visual Basic) 方法中的 (FriendChangeKey ，以测试新键是否会与现有键冲突。 如果是这样，则会引发异常，并且不会更改属性值。
为了保持对象与集合之间的连接，并防止对象插入到两个MutableKey集合中，MutableKey类在 Visual Basic) Friend 字段中具有 (internalCollection。MutableKeys 此字段由受保护方法维护，这些方法提供用于在集合中添加和删除项的自定义行为，例如 InsertItem 方法。 字段在将项添加到集合时设置，并在删除该项时清除。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
// This class demonstrates one way to use the ChangeItemKey
// method to store objects with keys that can be changed. The
// ChangeItemKey method is used to keep the internal lookup
// Dictionary in sync with the keys of the stored objects.
//
// MutableKeys stores MutableKey objects, which have an Integer
// Key property that can be set. Therefore, MutableKeys inherits
// KeyedCollection(Of Integer, MutableKey).
//
public class MutableKeys : KeyedCollection<int, MutableKey>
{
// This parameterless constructor delegates to the base class
// constructor that specifies a dictionary threshold. A
// threshold of 0 means the internal Dictionary is created
// the first time an object is added.
//
public MutableKeys() : base(null, 0) {}
protected override int GetKeyForItem(MutableKey item)
{
// The key is MutableKey.Key.
return item.Key;
}
protected override void InsertItem(int index, MutableKey newItem)
{
if (newItem.Collection != null)
throw new ArgumentException("The item already belongs to a collection.");
base.InsertItem(index, newItem);
newItem.Collection = this;
}
protected override void SetItem(int index, MutableKey newItem)
{
MutableKey replaced = Items[index];
if (newItem.Collection != null)
throw new ArgumentException("The item already belongs to a collection.");
base.SetItem(index, newItem);
newItem.Collection = this;
replaced.Collection = null;
}
protected override void RemoveItem(int index)
{
MutableKey removedItem = Items[index];
base.RemoveItem(index);
removedItem.Collection = null;
}
protected override void ClearItems()
{
foreach( MutableKey mk in Items )
{
mk.Collection = null;
}
base.ClearItems();
}
internal void ChangeKey(MutableKey item, int newKey)
{
base.ChangeItemKey(item, newKey);
}
public void Dump()
{
Console.WriteLine("\nDUMP:");
if (Dictionary == null)
{
Console.WriteLine(" The dictionary has not been created.");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine(" Dictionary entries");
Console.WriteLine(" ------------------");
foreach( KeyValuePair<int, MutableKey> kvp in Dictionary )
{
Console.WriteLine(" {0} : {1}", kvp.Key, kvp.Value);
}
}
Console.WriteLine("\n List of items");
Console.WriteLine(" -------------");
foreach( MutableKey mk in Items )
{
Console.WriteLine(" {0}", mk);
}
}
}
public class Demo
{
public static void Main()
{
MutableKeys mkeys = new MutableKeys();
// The Add method is inherited from Collection.
//
mkeys.Add(new MutableKey(110072674, "Widget"));
mkeys.Add(new MutableKey(110072675, "Sprocket"));
mkeys.Dump();
Console.WriteLine("\nCreate and insert a new item:");
MutableKey test = new MutableKey(110072684, "Gear");
mkeys.Insert(1, test);
mkeys.Dump();
try
{
Console.WriteLine("\nTry to insert the item again:");
mkeys.Insert(1, test);
}
catch(ArgumentException ex)
{
Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", ex.Message);
}
Console.WriteLine("\nChange the Key property of the item:");
test.Key = 100000072;
mkeys.Dump();
try
{
Console.WriteLine("\nTry to set the Key property to an existing key:");
test.Key = 110072674;
}
catch(ArgumentException ex)
{
Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", ex.Message);
}
mkeys.Dump();
}
private static void Display(MutableKeys order)
{
Console.WriteLine();
foreach( MutableKey item in order )
{
Console.WriteLine(item);
}
}
}
// This class has a key that can be changed.
//
public class MutableKey
{
public MutableKey(int newKey, string newValue)
{
_key = newKey;
Value = newValue;
} //New
public string Value;
internal MutableKeys Collection;
private int _key;
public int Key
{
get
{
return _key;
}
set
{
if (Collection != null)
{
Collection.ChangeKey(this, value);
}
_key = value;
}
}
public override string ToString()
{
return String.Format("{0,9} {1}", _key, Value);
}
}
/* This code example produces the following output:
DUMP:
Dictionary entries
------------------
110072674 : 110072674 Widget
110072675 : 110072675 Sprocket
List of items
-------------
110072674 Widget
110072675 Sprocket
Create and insert a new item:
DUMP:
Dictionary entries
------------------
110072674 : 110072674 Widget
110072675 : 110072675 Sprocket
110072684 : 110072684 Gear
List of items
-------------
110072674 Widget
110072684 Gear
110072675 Sprocket
Try to insert the item again:
Error: The item already belongs to a collection.
Change the Key property of the item:
DUMP:
Dictionary entries
------------------
110072674 : 110072674 Widget
110072675 : 110072675 Sprocket
100000072 : 100000072 Gear
List of items
-------------
110072674 Widget
100000072 Gear
110072675 Sprocket
Try to set the Key property to an existing key:
Error: An item with the same key has already been added.
DUMP:
Dictionary entries
------------------
110072674 : 110072674 Widget
110072675 : 110072675 Sprocket
100000072 : 100000072 Gear
List of items
-------------
110072674 Widget
100000072 Gear
110072675 Sprocket
*/
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Collections.ObjectModel
' This class demonstrates one way to use the ChangeItemKey
' method to store objects with keys that can be changed. The
' ChangeItemKey method is used to keep the internal lookup
' Dictionary in sync with the keys of the stored objects.
'
' MutableKeys stores MutableKey objects, which have an Integer
' Key property that can be set. Therefore, MutableKeys inherits
' KeyedCollection(Of Integer, MutableKey).
'
Public Class MutableKeys
Inherits KeyedCollection(Of Integer, MutableKey)
' This parameterless constructor delegates to the base class
' constructor that specifies a dictionary threshold. A
' threshold of 0 means the internal Dictionary is created
' the first time an object is added.
'
Public Sub New()
MyBase.New(Nothing, 0)
End Sub
Protected Overrides Function GetKeyForItem( _
ByVal item As MutableKey) As Integer
' The key is MutableKey.Key.
Return item.Key
End Function
Protected Overrides Sub InsertItem( _
ByVal index As Integer, ByVal newItem As MutableKey)
If newItem.Collection IsNot Nothing Then _
Throw New ArgumentException("The item already belongs to a collection.")
MyBase.InsertItem(index, newItem)
newItem.Collection = Me
End Sub
Protected Overrides Sub SetItem(ByVal index As Integer, _
ByVal newItem As MutableKey)
Dim replaced As MutableKey = Items(index)
If newItem.Collection IsNot Nothing Then _
Throw New ArgumentException("The item already belongs to a collection.")
MyBase.SetItem(index, newItem)
newItem.Collection = Me
replaced.Collection = Nothing
End Sub
Protected Overrides Sub RemoveItem(ByVal index As Integer)
Dim removedItem As MutableKey = Items(index)
MyBase.RemoveItem(index)
removedItem.Collection = Nothing
End Sub
Protected Overrides Sub ClearItems()
For Each mk As MutableKey In Items
mk.Collection = Nothing
Next
MyBase.ClearItems()
End Sub
Friend Sub ChangeKey(ByVal item As MutableKey, _
ByVal newKey As Integer)
MyBase.ChangeItemKey(item, newKey)
End Sub
Public Sub Dump()
Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "DUMP:")
If Dictionary Is Nothing Then
Console.WriteLine(" The dictionary has not been created.")
Else
Console.WriteLine(" Dictionary entries")
Console.WriteLine(" ------------------")
For Each kvp As KeyValuePair(Of Integer, MutableKey) In Dictionary
Console.WriteLine(" {0} : {1}", kvp.Key, kvp.Value)
Next
End If
Console.WriteLine(vbLf & " List of items")
Console.WriteLine(" -------------")
For Each mk As MutableKey In Items
Console.WriteLine(" {0}", mk)
Next
End Sub
End Class
Public Class Demo
Public Shared Sub Main()
Dim mkeys As New MutableKeys()
' The Add method is inherited from Collection.
'
mkeys.Add(New MutableKey(110072674, "Widget"))
mkeys.Add(New MutableKey(110072675, "Sprocket"))
mkeys.Dump()
Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "Create and insert a new item:")
Dim test As New MutableKey(110072684, "Gear")
mkeys.Insert(1, test)
mkeys.Dump()
Try
Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "Try to insert the item again:")
mkeys.Insert(1, test)
Catch ex As ArgumentException
Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", ex.Message)
End Try
Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "Change the Key property of the item:")
test.Key = 100000072
mkeys.Dump()
Try
Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "Try to set the Key property to an existing key:")
test.Key = 110072674
Catch ex As ArgumentException
Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", ex.Message)
End Try
mkeys.Dump()
End Sub
Private Shared Sub Display(ByVal order As MutableKeys)
Console.WriteLine()
For Each item As MutableKey In order
Console.WriteLine(item)
Next item
End Sub
End Class
' This class has a key that can be changed.
'
Public Class MutableKey
Public Sub New(ByVal newKey As Integer, ByVal newValue As String)
_key = newKey
Value = newValue
End Sub
Public Value As String
Friend Collection As MutableKeys
Private _key As Integer
Public Property Key As Integer
Get
Return _key
End Get
Set
If Collection IsNot Nothing Then
Collection.ChangeKey(Me, value)
End If
_key = value
End Set
End Property
Public Overrides Function ToString() As String
Return String.Format("{0,9} {1}", _key, Value)
End Function
End Class
' This code example produces the following output:
'
'DUMP:
' Dictionary entries
' ------------------
' 110072674 : 110072674 Widget
' 110072675 : 110072675 Sprocket
'
' List of items
' -------------
' 110072674 Widget
' 110072675 Sprocket
'
'Create and insert a new item:
'
'DUMP:
' Dictionary entries
' ------------------
' 110072674 : 110072674 Widget
' 110072675 : 110072675 Sprocket
' 110072684 : 110072684 Gear
'
' List of items
' -------------
' 110072674 Widget
' 110072684 Gear
' 110072675 Sprocket
'
'Try to insert the item again:
'Error: The item already belongs to a collection.
'
'Change the Key property of the item:
'
'DUMP:
' Dictionary entries
' ------------------
' 110072674 : 110072674 Widget
' 110072675 : 110072675 Sprocket
' 100000072 : 100000072 Gear
'
' List of items
' -------------
' 110072674 Widget
' 100000072 Gear
' 110072675 Sprocket
'
'Try to set the Key property to an existing key:
'Error: An item with the same key has already been added.
'
'DUMP:
' Dictionary entries
' ------------------
' 110072674 : 110072674 Widget
' 110072675 : 110072675 Sprocket
' 100000072 : 100000072 Gear
'
' List of items
' -------------
' 110072674 Widget
' 100000072 Gear
' 110072675 Sprocket
注解
如果有查找字典，此方法会清除它，但不将其删除。
如果元素数已超过字典创建阈值，并且 KeyedCollection<TKey,TItem> 使用的是查找字典，则即使元素数再次低于阈值，它仍将继续使用查找字典。
此方法是 O (n) 操作，其中 n 为 Count。
实现者须知
重写此方法，为继承自Collection<T>泛型类的方法Clear提供自定义行为。
调用此方法的基类实现以清除基础集合并清除查找字典。
