Convert.ChangeType 方法

参考

定义

命名空间:: System

程序集:: System.Runtime.Extensions.dll

程序集:: System.Runtime.dll

程序集:: mscorlib.dll

程序集:: netstandard.dll

重要

一些信息与预发行产品相关，相应产品在发行之前可能会进行重大修改。对于此处提供的信息，Microsoft 不作任何明示或暗示的担保。

返回一个指定类型的对象，其值等效于指定对象。

重载

ChangeType(Object, Type)	返回指定类型的对象，其值等效于指定对象。
ChangeType(Object, TypeCode)	返回一个指定类型的对象，其值等效于指定的对象。
ChangeType(Object, Type, IFormatProvider)	返回一个指定类型的对象，其值等效于指定的对象。参数提供区域性特定的格式设置信息。
ChangeType(Object, TypeCode, IFormatProvider)	返回一个指定类型的对象，其值等效于指定的对象。参数提供区域性特定的格式设置信息。

ChangeType(Object, Type)

Source:: Convert.cs

Source:: Convert.cs

Source:: Convert.cs

返回指定类型的对象，其值等效于指定对象。

public:
 static System::Object ^ ChangeType(System::Object ^ value, Type ^ conversionType);

public static object ChangeType (object value, Type conversionType);

public static object? ChangeType (object? value, Type conversionType);

static member ChangeType : obj * Type -> obj

Public Shared Function ChangeType (value As Object, conversionType As Type) As Object

参数

value: Object

实现 IConvertible 接口的对象。

conversionType: Type

要返回的对象的类型。

Object

一个对象，其类型为 conversionType，其值等效于 value。

-或-

如果 valuenull 且 conversionType 不是值类型，则为 null 引用（在 Visual Basic 中Nothing）。

例外

InvalidCastException

不支持此转换。

-或-

value 是 null，conversionType 是值类型。

-或-

value 不实现 IConvertible 接口。

FormatException

value 的格式不是由 conversionType识别的格式。

OverflowException

value 表示 conversionType范围外的数字。

ArgumentNullException

conversionType null。

示例

以下示例演示了如何使用 ChangeType 方法。

using namespace System;

int main()
{
   Double d = -2.345;
   int i =  *safe_cast<Int32^>(Convert::ChangeType( d, int::typeid ));
   Console::WriteLine( "The double value {0} when converted to an int becomes {1}", d, i );
   String^ s = "12/12/98";
   DateTime dt =  *safe_cast<DateTime^>(Convert::ChangeType( s, DateTime::typeid ));
   Console::WriteLine( "The string value {0} when converted to a Date becomes {1}", s, dt );
}

using System;

public class ChangeTypeTest {
    public static void Main() {

        Double d = -2.345;
        int i = (int)Convert.ChangeType(d, typeof(int));

        Console.WriteLine("The double value {0} when converted to an int becomes {1}", d, i);

        string s = "12/12/98";
        DateTime dt = (DateTime)Convert.ChangeType(s, typeof(DateTime));

        Console.WriteLine("The string value {0} when converted to a Date becomes {1}", s, dt);
    }
}

open System

let d = -2.345
let i = Convert.ChangeType(d, typeof<int>) :?> int

printfn $"The double value {d} when converted to an int becomes {i}"

let s = "12/12/98"
let dt = Convert.ChangeType(s, typeof<DateTime>) :?> DateTime

printfn $"The string value {s} when converted to a Date becomes {dt}"

Public Class ChangeTypeTest
    
    Public Shared Sub Main()
        Dim d As [Double] = - 2.345
        Dim i As Integer = CInt(Convert.ChangeType(d, GetType(Integer)))
        
        Console.WriteLine("The double value {0} when converted to an int becomes {1}", d, i)
        Dim s As String = "12/12/98"
        Dim dt As DateTime = CType(Convert.ChangeType(s, GetType(DateTime)), DateTime)
        
        Console.WriteLine("The string value {0} when converted to a Date becomes {1}", s, dt)
    End Sub
End Class

注解

ChangeType 是一种通用转换方法，用于将 value 指定的对象转换为 conversionType。 value 参数可以是任何类型的对象，conversionType 也可以是表示任何基类型或自定义类型的 Type 对象。若要成功转换，value 必须实现 IConvertible 接口，因为该方法只是包装对适当 IConvertible 方法的调用。该方法要求支持将 value 转换为 conversionType。

此方法使用当前线程的区域性进行转换。

调用方说明

ChangeType(Object, Type) 方法可以将枚举值转换为另一种类型。但是，即使源类型是枚举的基础类型，它也无法将另一种类型转换为枚举值。若要将类型转换为枚举值，请使用强制转换运算符（以 C#为单位）或转换函数（在 Visual Basic 中）。以下示例演示 Continent 枚举值的转换。

using System;

public enum Continent
{
   Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe,
   NorthAmerica, SouthAmerica
};

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      // Convert a Continent to a Double.
      Continent cont = Continent.NorthAmerica;
      Console.WriteLine("{0:N2}",
                        Convert.ChangeType(cont, typeof(Double)));

      // Convert a Double to a Continent.
      Double number = 6.0;
      try {
         Console.WriteLine("{0}",
                           Convert.ChangeType(number, typeof(Continent)));
      }
      catch (InvalidCastException) {
         Console.WriteLine("Cannot convert a Double to a Continent");
      }

      Console.WriteLine("{0}", (Continent) number);
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//       5.00
//       Cannot convert a Double to a Continent
//       SouthAmerica

open System

type Continent =
    | Africa = 0
    | Antarctica = 1
    | Asia = 2
    | Australia = 3
    | Europe = 4
    | NorthAmerica = 5
    | SouthAmerica = 6

// Convert a Continent to a Double.
let cont = Continent.NorthAmerica
printfn $"{Convert.ChangeType(cont, typeof<Double>):N2}"

// Convert a Double to a Continent.
let number = 6.0
try
    printfn $"{Convert.ChangeType(number, typeof<Continent>)}"
with :? InvalidCastException ->
    printfn "Cannot convert a Double to a Continent"

printfn $"{int number |> enum<Continent>}"
// The example displays the following output:
//       5.00
//       Cannot convert a Double to a Continent
//       SouthAmerica

Public Enum Continent As Integer
   Africa = 0
   Antarctica = 1
   Asia = 2
   Australia = 3
   Europe = 4
   NorthAmerica = 5
   SouthAmerica = 6
End Enum

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      ' Convert a Continent to a Double.
      Dim cont As Continent = Continent.NorthAmerica
      Console.WriteLine("{0:N2}", 
                        Convert.ChangeType(cont, GetType(Double)))
   
      ' Convert a Double to a Continent.
      Dim number As Double = 6.0
      Try
         Console.WriteLine("{0}", 
                           Convert.ChangeType(number, GetType(Continent)))
      Catch e As InvalidCastException
         Console.WriteLine("Cannot convert a Double to a Continent")
      End Try
      
      Console.WriteLine("{0}", CType(number, Continent))   
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
'    5.00
'    Cannot convert a Double to a Continent
'    SouthAmerica

ChangeType(Object, Type) 方法可以将可以为 null 的类型转换为另一种类型。但是，即使 conversionType 是 Nullable<T>的基础类型，它也不能将另一种类型转换为可为 null 类型的值。若要执行转换，可以使用强制转换运算符（在 C# 中）或转换函数（在 Visual Basic 中）。下面的示例演示了转换到可为 null 的类型和从其转换。

using System;

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      int? intValue1 = 12893;
      double dValue1 = (double) Convert.ChangeType(intValue1, typeof(Double));
      Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})--> {2} ({3})", intValue1, intValue1.GetType().Name,
                        dValue1, dValue1.GetType().Name);

      float fValue1 = 16.3478f;
      int? intValue2 = (int) fValue1;
      Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})--> {2} ({3})", fValue1, fValue1.GetType().Name,
                        intValue2, intValue2.GetType().Name);
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//    12893 (Int32)--> 12893 (Double)
//    16.3478 (Single)--> 16 (Int32)

open System

let intValue1 = Nullable 12893
let dValue1 = Convert.ChangeType(intValue1, typeof<Double>) :?> double
printfn $"{intValue1} ({intValue1.GetType().Name})--> {dValue1} ({dValue1.GetType().Name})" 

let fValue1 = 16.3478f
let intValue2 = Nullable(int fValue1)
printfn $"{fValue1} ({fValue1.GetType().Name})--> {intValue2} ({intValue2.GetType().Name})"

// The example displays the following output:
//    12893 (Int32)--> 12893 (Double)
//    16.3478 (Single)--> 16 (Int32)

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      Dim intValue1 As Integer? = 12893
      Dim dValue1 As Double = CType(Convert.ChangeType(intValue1, GetType(Double)), Double)
      Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})--> {2} ({3})", intValue1, intValue1.GetType().Name,
                        dValue1, dValue1.GetType().Name)
      

      Dim fValue1 As Single = 16.3478
      Dim intValue2 As Integer? = CType(fValue1, Integer) 
      Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})--> {2} ({3})", fValue1, fValue1.GetType().Name,
                        intValue2, intValue2.GetType().Name)
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
'       12893 (Int32)--> 12893 (Double)
'       16.3478 (Single)--> 16 (Int32)

适用于

ChangeType(Object, TypeCode)

Source:: Convert.cs

Source:: Convert.cs

Source:: Convert.cs

返回一个指定类型的对象，其值等效于指定的对象。

public:
 static System::Object ^ ChangeType(System::Object ^ value, TypeCode typeCode);

public static object? ChangeType (object? value, TypeCode typeCode);

public static object ChangeType (object value, TypeCode typeCode);

static member ChangeType : obj * TypeCode -> obj

Public Shared Function ChangeType (value As Object, typeCode As TypeCode) As Object

参数

value: Object

实现 IConvertible 接口的对象。

typeCode: TypeCode

要返回的对象的类型。

Object

一个对象，其基础类型为 typeCode，其值等效于 value。

-或-

如果 valuenull 且 typeCodeEmpty、String或 Object，则为 null 引用（在 Visual Basic 中Nothing）。

例外

InvalidCastException

不支持此转换。

-或-

value null，typeCode 指定值类型。

-或-

value 不实现 IConvertible 接口。

FormatException

value 的格式不是由 typeCode 类型识别的格式。

OverflowException

value 表示 typeCode 类型的范围外的数字。

ArgumentException

typeCode 无效。

示例

以下示例演示如何使用 ChangeType(Object, TypeCode) 方法将 Object 更改为 TypeCode 参数指定的类型（如果可能）。

using namespace System;

void main()
{
   Double d = -2.345;
   int i = (int) Convert::ChangeType(d, TypeCode::Int32);

   Console::WriteLine("The Double {0} when converted to an Int32 is {1}", d, i);

   String^ s = "12/12/2009";
   DateTime dt = (DateTime)Convert::ChangeType(s, DateTime::typeid);

   Console::WriteLine("The String {0} when converted to a Date is {1}", s, dt);        
}
// The example displays the following output:
//    The Double -2.345 when converted to an Int32 is -2
//    The String 12/12/2009 when converted to a Date is 12/12/2009 12:00:00 AM

using System;

public class ChangeTypeTest {
    public static void Main() {

        Double d = -2.345;
        int i = (int)Convert.ChangeType(d, TypeCode.Int32);

        Console.WriteLine("The Double {0} when converted to an Int32 is {1}", d, i);

        string s = "12/12/2009";
        DateTime dt = (DateTime)Convert.ChangeType(s, typeof(DateTime));

        Console.WriteLine("The String {0} when converted to a Date is {1}", s, dt);
    }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//    The Double -2.345 when converted to an Int32 is -2
//    The String 12/12/2009 when converted to a Date is 12/12/2009 12:00:00 AM

open System

let d = -2.345
let i = Convert.ChangeType(d, TypeCode.Int32) :?> int

printfn $"The Double {d} when converted to an Int32 is {i}"

let s = "12/12/2009"
let dt = Convert.ChangeType(s, typeof<DateTime>) :?> DateTime

printfn $"The String {s} when converted to a Date is {dt}"
// The example displays the following output:
//    The Double -2.345 when converted to an Int32 is -2
//    The String 12/12/2009 when converted to a Date is 12/12/2009 12:00:00 AM

Public Class ChangeTypeTest
    
    Public Shared Sub Main()
        Dim d As [Double] = - 2.345
        Dim i As Integer = CInt(Convert.ChangeType(d, TypeCode.Int32))
        
        Console.WriteLine("The Double {0} when converted to an Int32 is {1}", d, i)
        Dim s As String = "12/12/2009"
        Dim dt As DateTime = CDate(Convert.ChangeType(s, TypeCode.DateTime))
        
        Console.WriteLine("The String {0} when converted to a Date is {1}", s, dt)
    End Sub 
End Class 
' The example displays the following output:
'    The Double -2.345 when converted to an Int32 is -2
'    The String 12/12/2009 when converted to a Date is 12/12/2009 12:00:00 AM

注解

ChangeType(Object, TypeCode) 是一种常规用途转换方法，用于将 value 指定的对象转换为由 typeCode指定的预定义类型。 value 参数可以是任何类型的对象。若要成功转换，value 必须实现 IConvertible 接口，因为该方法只是包装对适当 IConvertible 方法的调用。该方法还要求支持将 value 转换为 typeCode。

ChangeType(Object, TypeCode) 方法不支持将 value 转换为自定义类型。若要执行此类转换，请调用 ChangeType(Object, Type) 方法。

适用于

ChangeType(Object, Type, IFormatProvider)

Source:: Convert.cs

Source:: Convert.cs

Source:: Convert.cs

返回一个指定类型的对象，其值等效于指定的对象。参数提供区域性特定的格式设置信息。

public:
 static System::Object ^ ChangeType(System::Object ^ value, Type ^ conversionType, IFormatProvider ^ provider);

public static object ChangeType (object value, Type conversionType, IFormatProvider provider);

public static object? ChangeType (object? value, Type conversionType, IFormatProvider? provider);

static member ChangeType : obj * Type * IFormatProvider -> obj

Public Shared Function ChangeType (value As Object, conversionType As Type, provider As IFormatProvider) As Object

参数

value: Object

实现 IConvertible 接口的对象。

conversionType: Type

要返回的对象的类型。

provider: IFormatProvider

提供区域性特定的格式设置信息的对象。

Object

一个对象，其类型为 conversionType，其值等效于 value。

-或-

value，如果 value 和 conversionType 的 Type 相等。

-或-

如果 valuenull 且 conversionType 不是值类型，则为 null 引用（在 Visual Basic 中Nothing）。

例外

InvalidCastException

不支持此转换。

-或-

value 是 null，conversionType 是值类型。

-或-

value 不实现 IConvertible 接口。

FormatException

value 的格式不是由 provider识别的 conversionType。

OverflowException

value 表示 conversionType范围外的数字。

ArgumentNullException

conversionType null。

示例

以下示例定义实现 IConvertible 接口的 Temperature 类。

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Globalization;

public ref class Temperature : IConvertible
{
private:
   Decimal m_Temp;

public:
   Temperature(Decimal temperature)
   {
      m_Temp = temperature;
   }
   
   property Decimal Celsius {
      Decimal get() { return m_Temp; }
   }
   
   property Decimal Kelvin {
      Decimal get() { return m_Temp + (Decimal) 273.15; }
   }
   
   property Decimal Fahrenheit {
      Decimal get() { return Math::Round((Decimal) (m_Temp * 9 / 5 + 32), 2); }
   }
   
   virtual String^ ToString()
   override {
      return m_Temp.ToString("N2") + "�C";
   }

   // IConvertible implementations.
   virtual TypeCode GetTypeCode()
   {
      return TypeCode::Object;
   }
   
   virtual bool ToBoolean(IFormatProvider^ provider) 
   {
      if (m_Temp == 0)
         return false;
      else
         return true;
   } 
   
   virtual Byte ToByte(IFormatProvider^ provider)
   {
      if (m_Temp < Byte::MinValue || m_Temp > Byte::MaxValue)
         throw gcnew OverflowException(String::Format("{0} is out of range of the Byte type.", 
                                                   m_Temp));
      else
         return Decimal::ToByte(m_Temp);
   }
   
   virtual Char ToChar(IFormatProvider^ provider)
   {
      throw gcnew InvalidCastException("Temperature to Char conversion is not supported.");
   } 
   
   virtual DateTime ToDateTime(IFormatProvider^ provider)
   {
      throw gcnew InvalidCastException("Temperature to DateTime conversion is not supported.");
   }
   
   virtual Decimal ToDecimal(IFormatProvider^ provider)
   {
      return m_Temp;
   }
   
   virtual Double ToDouble(IFormatProvider^ provider)
   {
      return Decimal::ToDouble(m_Temp);
   }   
   
   virtual Int16 ToInt16(IFormatProvider^ provider)
   {
      if (m_Temp < Int16::MinValue || m_Temp > Int16::MaxValue)
         throw gcnew OverflowException(String::Format("{0} is out of range of the Int16 type.",
                                                   m_Temp));
      else
         return Decimal::ToInt16(m_Temp);
   }
   
   virtual Int32 ToInt32(IFormatProvider^ provider)
      {
      if (m_Temp < Int32::MinValue || m_Temp > Int32::MaxValue)
         throw gcnew OverflowException(String::Format("{0} is out of range of the Int32 type.",
                                                   m_Temp));
      else
         return Decimal::ToInt32(m_Temp);
   }
   
   virtual Int64 ToInt64(IFormatProvider^ provider)
   {
      if (m_Temp < Int64::MinValue || m_Temp > Int64::MaxValue)
         throw gcnew OverflowException(String::Format("{0} is out of range of the Int64 type.",
                                                   m_Temp));
      else
         return Decimal::ToInt64(m_Temp);
   }
   
   virtual SByte ToSByte(IFormatProvider^ provider)
   {
      if (m_Temp < SByte::MinValue || m_Temp > SByte::MaxValue)
         throw gcnew OverflowException(String::Format("{0} is out of range of the SByte type.",
                                                   m_Temp));
      else
         return Decimal::ToSByte(m_Temp);
   }

   virtual Single ToSingle(IFormatProvider^ provider)
   {
      return Decimal::ToSingle(m_Temp);
   }

   virtual String^ ToString(IFormatProvider^ provider)
   {
      return m_Temp.ToString("N2", provider) + "�C";
   }
   
   virtual Object^ ToType(Type^ conversionType, IFormatProvider^ provider)
   {
      switch (Type::GetTypeCode(conversionType))
      {
      case TypeCode::Boolean: 
            return ToBoolean(nullptr);
      case TypeCode::Byte:
            return ToByte(nullptr);
      case TypeCode::Char:
            return ToChar(nullptr);
      case TypeCode::DateTime:
            return ToDateTime(nullptr);
      case TypeCode::Decimal:
            return ToDecimal(nullptr);
      case TypeCode::Double:
            return ToDouble(nullptr);
      case TypeCode::Int16:
            return ToInt16(nullptr);
      case TypeCode::Int32:
            return ToInt32(nullptr);
      case TypeCode::Int64:
            return ToInt64(nullptr);
      case TypeCode::Object:
            if (Temperature::typeid->Equals(conversionType))
               return this;
            else
               throw gcnew InvalidCastException(String::Format("Conversion to a {0} is not supported.",
                                                            conversionType->Name));
      case TypeCode::SByte:
            return ToSByte(nullptr);
      case TypeCode::Single:
            return ToSingle(nullptr);
      case TypeCode::String:
            return ToString(provider);
      case TypeCode::UInt16:
            return ToUInt16(nullptr);
      case TypeCode::UInt32:
            return ToUInt32(nullptr);
      case TypeCode::UInt64:
            return ToUInt64(nullptr);   
         default:
            throw gcnew InvalidCastException(String::Format("Conversion to {0} is not supported.", conversionType->Name));   
      }
   }
   
   virtual UInt16 ToUInt16(IFormatProvider^ provider)
   {
      if (m_Temp < UInt16::MinValue || m_Temp > UInt16::MaxValue)
         throw gcnew OverflowException(String::Format("{0} is out of range of the UInt16 type.",
                                                   m_Temp));
      else
         return Decimal::ToUInt16(m_Temp);
   }

   virtual UInt32 ToUInt32(IFormatProvider^ provider)
   {
      if (m_Temp < UInt32::MinValue || m_Temp > UInt32::MaxValue)
         throw gcnew OverflowException(String::Format("{0} is out of range of the UInt32 type.",
                                                   m_Temp));
      else
         return Decimal::ToUInt32(m_Temp);
   }
   
   virtual UInt64 ToUInt64(IFormatProvider^ provider)
   {
      if (m_Temp < UInt64::MinValue || m_Temp > UInt64::MaxValue)
         throw gcnew OverflowException(String::Format("{0} is out of range of the UInt64 type.",
                                                   m_Temp));
      else
         return Decimal::ToUInt64(m_Temp);
   }
};

using System;
using System.Globalization;

public class Temperature : IConvertible
{
   private decimal m_Temp;

   public Temperature(decimal temperature)
   {
      this.m_Temp = temperature;
   }

   public decimal Celsius
   {
      get { return this.m_Temp; }
   }

   public decimal Kelvin
   {
      get { return this.m_Temp + 273.15m; }
   }

   public decimal Fahrenheit
   {
      get { return Math.Round((decimal) (this.m_Temp * 9 / 5 + 32), 2); }
   }

   public override string ToString()
   {
      return m_Temp.ToString("N2") + "°C";
   }

   // IConvertible implementations.
   public TypeCode GetTypeCode()
   {
      return TypeCode.Object;
   }

   public bool ToBoolean(IFormatProvider provider)
   {
      if (m_Temp == 0)
         return false;
      else
         return true;
   }

   public byte ToByte(IFormatProvider provider)
   {
      if (m_Temp < Byte.MinValue || m_Temp > Byte.MaxValue)
         throw new OverflowException(String.Format("{0} is out of range of the Byte type.",
                                                   this.m_Temp));
      else
         return Decimal.ToByte(this.m_Temp);
   }

   public char ToChar(IFormatProvider provider)
   {
      throw new InvalidCastException("Temperature to Char conversion is not supported.");
   }

   public DateTime ToDateTime(IFormatProvider provider)
   {
      throw new InvalidCastException("Temperature to DateTime conversion is not supported.");
   }

   public decimal ToDecimal(IFormatProvider provider)
   {
      return this.m_Temp;
   }

   public double ToDouble(IFormatProvider provider)
   {
      return Decimal.ToDouble(this.m_Temp);
   }

   public short ToInt16(IFormatProvider provider)
   {
      if (this.m_Temp < Int16.MinValue || this.m_Temp > Int16.MaxValue)
         throw new OverflowException(String.Format("{0} is out of range of the Int16 type.",
                                                   this.m_Temp));
      else
         return Decimal.ToInt16(this.m_Temp);
   }

   public int ToInt32(IFormatProvider provider)
      {
      if (this.m_Temp < Int32.MinValue || this.m_Temp > Int32.MaxValue)
         throw new OverflowException(String.Format("{0} is out of range of the Int32 type.",
                                                   this.m_Temp));
      else
         return Decimal.ToInt32(this.m_Temp);
   }

   public long ToInt64(IFormatProvider provider)
   {
      if (this.m_Temp < Int64.MinValue || this.m_Temp > Int64.MaxValue)
         throw new OverflowException(String.Format("{0} is out of range of the Int64 type.",
                                                   this.m_Temp));
      else
         return Decimal.ToInt64(this.m_Temp);
   }

   public sbyte ToSByte(IFormatProvider provider)
   {
      if (this.m_Temp < SByte.MinValue || this.m_Temp > SByte.MaxValue)
         throw new OverflowException(String.Format("{0} is out of range of the SByte type.",
                                                   this.m_Temp));
      else
         return Decimal.ToSByte(this.m_Temp);
   }

   public float ToSingle(IFormatProvider provider)
   {
      return Decimal.ToSingle(this.m_Temp);
   }

   public string ToString(IFormatProvider provider)
   {
      return m_Temp.ToString("N2", provider) + "°C";
   }

   public object ToType(Type conversionType, IFormatProvider provider)
   {
      switch (Type.GetTypeCode(conversionType))
      {
         case TypeCode.Boolean:
            return this.ToBoolean(null);
         case TypeCode.Byte:
            return this.ToByte(null);
         case TypeCode.Char:
            return this.ToChar(null);
         case TypeCode.DateTime:
            return this.ToDateTime(null);
         case TypeCode.Decimal:
            return this.ToDecimal(null);
         case TypeCode.Double:
            return this.ToDouble(null);
         case TypeCode.Int16:
            return this.ToInt16(null);
         case TypeCode.Int32:
            return this.ToInt32(null);
         case TypeCode.Int64:
            return this.ToInt64(null);
         case TypeCode.Object:
            if (typeof(Temperature).Equals(conversionType))
               return this;
            else
               throw new InvalidCastException(String.Format("Conversion to a {0} is not supported.",
                                                            conversionType.Name));
         case TypeCode.SByte:
            return this.ToSByte(null);
         case TypeCode.Single:
            return this.ToSingle(null);
         case TypeCode.String:
            return this.ToString(provider);
         case TypeCode.UInt16:
            return this.ToUInt16(null);
         case TypeCode.UInt32:
            return this.ToUInt32(null);
         case TypeCode.UInt64:
            return this.ToUInt64(null);
         default:
            throw new InvalidCastException(String.Format("Conversion to {0} is not supported.", conversionType.Name));
      }
   }

   public ushort ToUInt16(IFormatProvider provider)
   {
      if (this.m_Temp < UInt16.MinValue || this.m_Temp > UInt16.MaxValue)
         throw new OverflowException(String.Format("{0} is out of range of the UInt16 type.",
                                                   this.m_Temp));
      else
         return Decimal.ToUInt16(this.m_Temp);
   }

   public uint ToUInt32(IFormatProvider provider)
   {
      if (this.m_Temp < UInt32.MinValue || this.m_Temp > UInt32.MaxValue)
         throw new OverflowException(String.Format("{0} is out of range of the UInt32 type.",
                                                   this.m_Temp));
      else
         return Decimal.ToUInt32(this.m_Temp);
   }

   public ulong ToUInt64(IFormatProvider provider)
   {
      if (this.m_Temp < UInt64.MinValue || this.m_Temp > UInt64.MaxValue)
         throw new OverflowException(String.Format("{0} is out of range of the UInt64 type.",
                                                   this.m_Temp));
      else
         return Decimal.ToUInt64(this.m_Temp);
   }
}

open System
open System.Globalization

type Temperature(temperature: decimal) = 

    member _.Celsius = temperature

    member _.Kelvin =
        temperature + 273.15m

    member _.Fahrenheit =
        Math.Round(decimal (temperature * 9m / 5m + 32m), 2)

    override _.ToString() =
        temperature.ToString "N2" + "°C"

    // IConvertible implementations.
    interface IConvertible with
        member _.GetTypeCode() =
            TypeCode.Object

        member _.ToBoolean(provider: IFormatProvider) =
            temperature <> 0M

        member _.ToByte(provider: IFormatProvider) =
            if temperature < decimal Byte.MinValue || temperature > decimal Byte.MaxValue then
                raise (OverflowException $"{temperature} is out of range of the Byte type.")
            else
                Decimal.ToByte temperature

        member _.ToChar(provider: IFormatProvider) =
            raise (InvalidCastException "Temperature to Char conversion is not supported.")

        member _.ToDateTime(provider: IFormatProvider) =
            raise (InvalidCastException "Temperature to DateTime conversion is not supported.")

        member _.ToDecimal(provider: IFormatProvider) =
            temperature

        member _.ToDouble(provider: IFormatProvider) =
            Decimal.ToDouble temperature

        member _.ToInt16(provider: IFormatProvider) =
            if temperature < decimal Int16.MinValue || temperature > decimal Int16.MaxValue then
                raise (OverflowException $"{temperature} is out of range of the Int16 type.")
            else
                Decimal.ToInt16 temperature

        member _.ToInt32(provider: IFormatProvider) =
            if temperature < decimal Int32.MinValue || temperature > decimal Int32.MaxValue then
                raise (OverflowException $"{temperature} is out of range of the Int32 type.")
            else
                Decimal.ToInt32 temperature

        member _.ToInt64(provider: IFormatProvider) =
            if temperature < decimal Int64.MinValue || temperature > decimal Int64.MaxValue then
                raise (OverflowException $"{temperature} is out of range of the Int64 type.")
            else
                Decimal.ToInt64 temperature

        member _.ToSByte(provider: IFormatProvider) =
            if temperature < decimal SByte.MinValue || temperature > decimal SByte.MaxValue then
                raise (OverflowException $"{temperature} is out of range of the SByte type.")
            else
                Decimal.ToSByte temperature

        member _.ToSingle(provider: IFormatProvider) =
            Decimal.ToSingle temperature

        member _.ToString(provider: IFormatProvider) =
            temperature.ToString("N2", provider) + "°C"

        member this.ToType(conversionType: Type, provider: IFormatProvider) =
            let this = this :> IConvertible
            match Type.GetTypeCode conversionType with
            | TypeCode.Boolean->
                this.ToBoolean null
            | TypeCode.Byte ->
                this.ToByte null
            | TypeCode.Char ->
                this.ToChar null
            | TypeCode.DateTime ->
                this.ToDateTime null
            | TypeCode.Decimal ->
                this.ToDecimal null
            | TypeCode.Double ->
                this.ToDouble null
            | TypeCode.Int16 ->
                this.ToInt16 null
            | TypeCode.Int32 ->
                this.ToInt32 null
            | TypeCode.Int64 ->
                this.ToInt64 null
            | TypeCode.Object ->
                if typeof<Temperature>.Equals conversionType then
                    this
                else
                    raise (InvalidCastException $"Conversion to a {conversionType.Name} is not supported.")
            | TypeCode.SByte ->
                this.ToSByte null
            | TypeCode.Single ->
                this.ToSingle null
            | TypeCode.String ->
                this.ToString provider
            | TypeCode.UInt16 ->
                this.ToUInt16 null
            | TypeCode.UInt32->
                this.ToUInt32 null
            | TypeCode.UInt64->
                this.ToUInt64 null
            | _ ->
                raise (InvalidCastException $"Conversion to {conversionType.Name} is not supported.")

        member _.ToUInt16(provider: IFormatProvider) =
            if temperature < decimal UInt16.MinValue || temperature > decimal UInt16.MaxValue then
                raise (OverflowException $"{temperature} is out of range of the UInt16 type.")
            else
                Decimal.ToUInt16 temperature

        member _.ToUInt32(provider: IFormatProvider) =
            if temperature < decimal UInt32.MinValue || temperature > decimal UInt32.MaxValue then
                raise (OverflowException $"{temperature} is out of range of the UInt32 type.")
            else
                Decimal.ToUInt32 temperature

        member _.ToUInt64(provider: IFormatProvider) =
            if temperature < decimal UInt64.MinValue || temperature > decimal UInt64.MaxValue then
                raise (OverflowException $"{temperature} is out of range of the UInt64 type.")
            else
                Decimal.ToUInt64 temperature

Imports System.Globalization

Public Class Temperature : Implements IConvertible
   Private m_Temp As Decimal

   Public Sub New(temperature As Decimal)
      Me.m_Temp = temperature
   End Sub
   
   Public ReadOnly Property Celsius() As Decimal
      Get
         Return Me.m_Temp
      End Get   
   End Property
   
   Public ReadOnly Property Kelvin() As Decimal
      Get
         Return Me.m_Temp + 273.15d   
      End Get
   End Property
   
   Public ReadOnly Property Fahrenheit() As Decimal
      Get
         Return Math.Round(CDec(Me.m_Temp * 9 / 5 + 32), 2)
      End Get      
   End Property
   
   Public Overrides Function ToString() As String
      Return m_Temp.ToString("N2") & "°C"
   End Function

   ' IConvertible implementations.
   Public Function GetTypeCode() As TypeCode _
                   Implements IConvertible.GetTypeCode
      Return TypeCode.Object
   End Function
   
   Public Function ToBoolean(provider As IFormatProvider) As Boolean _
                   Implements IConvertible.ToBoolean
      If m_Temp = 0 Then
         Return False
      Else
         Return True
      End If
   End Function 
   
   Public Function ToByte(provider As IFormatProvider) As Byte _
                   Implements IConvertible.ToByte
      If m_Temp < Byte.MinValue Or m_Temp > Byte.MaxValue Then
         Throw New OverflowException(String.Format("{0} is out of range of the Byte type.", _ 
                                                   Me.m_Temp)) 
      Else
         Return Decimal.ToByte(Me.m_Temp)
      End If       
   End Function
   
   Public Function ToChar(provider As IFormatProvider) As Char _
                   Implements IConvertible.ToChar
      Throw New InvalidCastException("Temperature to Char conversion is not supported.")
   End Function 
   
   Public Function ToDateTime(provider As IFormatProvider) As Date _
                   Implements IConvertible.ToDateTime
      Throw New InvalidCastException("Temperature to DateTime conversion is not supported.")
   End Function
   
   Public Function ToDecimal(provider As IFormatProvider) As Decimal _
                   Implements IConvertible.ToDecimal
      Return Me.m_Temp
   End Function
   
   Public Function ToDouble(provider As IFormatProvider) As Double _
                   Implements IConvertible.ToDouble
      Return Decimal.ToDouble(Me.m_Temp)
   End Function   
   
   Public Function ToInt16(provider As IFormatProvider) As Int16 _
                   Implements IConvertible.ToInt16
      If Me.m_Temp < Int16.MinValue Or Me.m_Temp > Int16.MaxValue Then
         Throw New OverflowException(String.Format("{0} is out of range of the Int16 type.", _
                                                   Me.m_Temp))
      Else
         Return Decimal.ToInt16(Me.m_Temp)   
      End If
   End Function
   
   Public Function ToInt32(provider As IFormatProvider) As Int32 _
                   Implements IConvertible.ToInt32
      If Me.m_Temp < Int32.MinValue Or Me.m_Temp > Int32.MaxValue Then
         Throw New OverflowException(String.Format("{0} is out of range of the Int32 type.", _
                                                   Me.m_Temp))
      Else
         Return Decimal.ToInt32(Me.m_Temp)
      End If      
   End Function
   
   Public Function ToInt64(provider As IFormatProvider) As Int64 _
                   Implements IConvertible.ToInt64
      If Me.m_Temp < Int64.MinValue Or Me.m_Temp > Int64.MaxValue Then
         Throw New OverflowException(String.Format("{0} is out of range of the Int64 type.", _
                                                   Me.m_Temp))
      Else
         Return Decimal.ToInt64(Me.m_Temp)
      End If      
   End Function
   
   Public Function ToSByte(provider As IFormatProvider) As SByte _
                   Implements IConvertible.ToSByte
      If Me.m_Temp < SByte.MinValue Or Me.m_Temp > SByte.MaxValue Then
         Throw New OverflowException(String.Format("{0} is out of range of the SByte type.", _
                                                   Me.m_Temp))
      Else
         Return Decimal.ToSByte(Me.m_Temp)
      End If      
   End Function

   Public Function ToSingle(provider As IFormatProvider) As Single _
                   Implements IConvertible.ToSingle
      Return Decimal.ToSingle(Me.m_Temp)
   End Function

   Public Overloads Function ToString(provider As IFormatProvider) As String _
                   Implements IConvertible.ToString
      Return m_Temp.ToString("N2", provider) & "°C"
   End Function
   
   Public Function ToType(conversionType As Type, provider As IFormatProvider) As Object _
                   Implements IConvertible.ToType
      Select Case Type.GetTypeCode(conversionType)
         Case TypeCode.Boolean 
            Return Me.ToBoolean(Nothing)
         Case TypeCode.Byte
            Return Me.ToByte(Nothing)
         Case TypeCode.Char
            Return Me.ToChar(Nothing)
         Case TypeCode.DateTime
            Return Me.ToDateTime(Nothing)
         Case TypeCode.Decimal
            Return Me.ToDecimal(Nothing)
         Case TypeCode.Double
            Return Me.ToDouble(Nothing)
         Case TypeCode.Int16
            Return Me.ToInt16(Nothing)
         Case TypeCode.Int32
            Return Me.ToInt32(Nothing)
         Case TypeCode.Int64
            Return Me.ToInt64(Nothing)
         Case TypeCode.Object
            If GetType(Temperature).Equals(conversionType) Then
               Return Me
            Else
               Throw New InvalidCastException(String.Format("Conversion to a {0} is not supported.", _
                                                            conversionType.Name))
            End If 
         Case TypeCode.SByte
            Return Me.ToSByte(Nothing)
         Case TypeCode.Single
            Return Me.ToSingle(Nothing)
         Case TypeCode.String
            Return Me.ToString(provider)
         Case TypeCode.UInt16
            Return Me.ToUInt16(Nothing)
         Case TypeCode.UInt32
            Return Me.ToUInt32(Nothing)
         Case TypeCode.UInt64
            Return Me.ToUInt64(Nothing)   
         Case Else
            Throw New InvalidCastException(String.Format("Conversion to {0} is not supported.", conversionType.Name))   
      End Select
   End Function
   
   Public Function ToUInt16(provider As IFormatProvider) As UInt16 _
                   Implements IConvertible.ToUInt16
      If Me.m_Temp < UInt16.MinValue Or Me.m_Temp > UInt16.MaxValue Then
         Throw New OverflowException(String.Format("{0} is out of range of the UInt16 type.", _
                                                   Me.m_Temp))
      Else
         Return Decimal.ToUInt16(Me.m_Temp)
      End If   
   End Function

   Public Function ToUInt32(provider As IFormatProvider) As UInt32 _
                   Implements IConvertible.ToUInt32
      If Me.m_Temp < UInt32.MinValue Or Me.m_Temp > UInt32.MaxValue Then
         Throw New OverflowException(String.Format("{0} is out of range of the UInt32 type.", _
                                                   Me.m_Temp))
      Else
         Return Decimal.ToUInt32(Me.m_Temp)
      End If   
   End Function
   
   Public Function ToUInt64(provider As IFormatProvider) As UInt64 _
                   Implements IConvertible.ToUInt64
      If Me.m_Temp < UInt64.MinValue Or Me.m_Temp > UInt64.MaxValue Then
         Throw New OverflowException(String.Format("{0} is out of range of the UInt64 type.", _
                                                   Me.m_Temp))
      Else
         Return Decimal.ToUInt64(Me.m_temp)
      End If   
   End Function
End Class

以下示例创建 Temperature 类的实例，并调用 ChangeType(Object, Type, IFormatProvider) 方法，将其转换为 .NET 支持的基本数值类型，并将其转换为 String。它说明 ChangeType 方法包装对源类型的 IConvertible 实现的调用。

void main()
{     
   Temperature^ cool = gcnew Temperature(5);
   array<Type^>^ targetTypes = gcnew array<Type^> { SByte::typeid, Int16::typeid, Int32::typeid,
                                                    Int64::typeid, Byte::typeid, UInt16::typeid,
                                                    UInt32::typeid, UInt64::typeid, Decimal::typeid,
                                                    Single::typeid, Double::typeid, String::typeid };
   CultureInfo^ provider = gcnew CultureInfo("fr-FR");
      
   for each (Type^ targetType in targetTypes)
   {
      try {
         Object^ value = Convert::ChangeType(cool, targetType, provider);
         Console::WriteLine("Converted {0} {1} to {2} {3}.",
                           cool->GetType()->Name, cool->ToString(),
                           targetType->Name, value);
      }
      catch (InvalidCastException^) {
         Console::WriteLine("Unsupported {0} --> {1} conversion.",
                           cool->GetType()->Name, targetType->Name);
      }                     
      catch (OverflowException^) {
         Console::WriteLine("{0} is out of range of the {1} type.",
                           cool, targetType->Name);
      }
   }
}
// The example dosplays the following output:
//       Converted Temperature 5.00�C to SByte 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00�C to Int16 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00�C to Int32 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00�C to Int64 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00�C to Byte 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00�C to UInt16 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00�C to UInt32 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00�C to UInt64 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00�C to Decimal 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00�C to Single 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00�C to Double 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00�C to String 5,00�C.

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      Temperature cool = new Temperature(5);
      Type[] targetTypes = { typeof(SByte), typeof(Int16), typeof(Int32),
                             typeof(Int64), typeof(Byte), typeof(UInt16),
                             typeof(UInt32), typeof(UInt64), typeof(Decimal),
                             typeof(Single), typeof(Double), typeof(String) };
      CultureInfo provider = new CultureInfo("fr-FR");

      foreach (Type targetType in targetTypes)
      {
         try {
            object value = Convert.ChangeType(cool, targetType, provider);
            Console.WriteLine("Converted {0} {1} to {2} {3}.",
                              cool.GetType().Name, cool.ToString(),
                              targetType.Name, value);
         }
         catch (InvalidCastException) {
            Console.WriteLine("Unsupported {0} --> {1} conversion.",
                              cool.GetType().Name, targetType.Name);
         }
         catch (OverflowException) {
            Console.WriteLine("{0} is out of range of the {1} type.",
                              cool, targetType.Name);
         }
      }
   }
}
// The example dosplays the following output:
//       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to SByte 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to Int16 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to Int32 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to Int64 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to Byte 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to UInt16 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to UInt32 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to UInt64 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to Decimal 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to Single 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to Double 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to String 5,00°C.

let cool = Temperature 5
let targetTypes = 
    [ typeof<SByte>; typeof<Int16>; typeof<Int32>
      typeof<Int64>; typeof<Byte>; typeof<UInt16>
      typeof<UInt32>; typeof<UInt64>; typeof<Decimal>;
      typeof<Single>; typeof<Double>; typeof<String>; ]

let provider = CultureInfo "fr-FR"

for targetType in targetTypes do
    try
        let value = Convert.ChangeType(cool, targetType, provider)
        printfn $"Converted {cool.GetType().Name} {cool} to {targetType.Name} {value}."
    with
    | :? InvalidCastException ->
        printfn $"Unsupported {cool.GetType().Name} --> {targetType.Name} conversion."
    | :? OverflowException ->
        printfn $"{cool} is out of range of the {targetType.Name} type."

// The example dosplays the following output:
//       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to SByte 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to Int16 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to Int32 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to Int64 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to Byte 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to UInt16 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to UInt32 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to UInt64 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to Decimal 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to Single 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to Double 5.
//       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to String 5,00°C.

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      Dim cool As New Temperature(5)
      Dim targetTypes() As Type = { GetType(SByte), GetType(Int16), GetType(Int32), _
                                    GetType(Int64), GetType(Byte), GetType(UInt16), _
                                    GetType(UInt32), GetType(UInt64), GetType(Decimal), _
                                    GetType(Single), GetType(Double), GetType(String) }
      Dim provider As New CultureInfo("fr-FR")
      
      For Each targetType As Type In targetTypes
         Try
            Dim value As Object = Convert.ChangeType(cool, targetType, provider)
            Console.WriteLine("Converted {0} {1} to {2} {3}.", _
                              cool.GetType().Name, cool.ToString(), _
                              targetType.Name, value)
         Catch e As InvalidCastException
            Console.WriteLine("Unsupported {0} --> {1} conversion.", _
                              cool.GetType().Name, targetType.Name)
         Catch e As OverflowException
            Console.WriteLine("{0} is out of range of the {1} type.", _
                              cool, targetType.Name)
         End Try                     
      Next
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
'       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to SByte 5.
'       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to Int16 5.
'       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to Int32 5.
'       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to Int64 5.
'       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to Byte 5.
'       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to UInt16 5.
'       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to UInt32 5.
'       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to UInt64 5.
'       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to Decimal 5.
'       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to Single 5.
'       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to Double 5.
'       Converted Temperature 5.00°C to String 5,00°C.

注解

provider 参数是一个 IFormatProvider 实现，它提供转换的格式设置信息。是否以及如何使用此参数取决于基础 IConvertible 实现。如果 value 是基数据类型，则 provider 仅用于以下转换：

从数字转换为字符串，或从字符串转换为数字。 provider 必须是 CultureInfo 对象、NumberFormatInfo 对象或返回 NumberFormatInfo 对象的自定义 IFormatProvider 实现。但是，由于 ChangeType(Object, TypeCode, IFormatProvider) 方法使用默认的“G”格式说明符执行转换，因此，如果 value 或目标类型为无符号整数，provider 参数将不起作用。如果 providernull，则使用表示当前区域性的 CultureInfo 对象。
从 DateTime 值转换为字符串，或从字符串转换为 DateTime 值。 provider 必须是 CultureInfo 或 DateTimeFormatInfo 对象。如果 providernull，则使用表示当前区域性的 CultureInfo 对象。

如果 value 是应用程序定义的类型，则其 IConvertible 实现可以使用 provider 参数。

调用方说明

ChangeType(Object, Type, IFormatProvider) 方法可以将枚举值转换为另一种类型。但是，即使源类型是枚举的基础类型，它也无法将另一种类型转换为枚举值。若要将类型转换为枚举值，请使用强制转换运算符（以 C#为单位）或转换函数（在 Visual Basic 中）。以下示例演示 Continent 枚举值的转换。

using System;

public enum Continent
{
   Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe,
   NorthAmerica, SouthAmerica
};

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      // Convert a Continent to a Double.
      Continent cont = Continent.NorthAmerica;
      Console.WriteLine("{0:N2}",
                        Convert.ChangeType(cont, typeof(Double)));

      // Convert a Double to a Continent.
      Double number = 6.0;
      try {
         Console.WriteLine("{0}",
                           Convert.ChangeType(number, typeof(Continent)));
      }
      catch (InvalidCastException) {
         Console.WriteLine("Cannot convert a Double to a Continent");
      }

      Console.WriteLine("{0}", (Continent) number);
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//       5.00
//       Cannot convert a Double to a Continent
//       SouthAmerica

open System

type Continent =
    | Africa = 0
    | Antarctica = 1
    | Asia = 2
    | Australia = 3
    | Europe = 4
    | NorthAmerica = 5
    | SouthAmerica = 6

// Convert a Continent to a Double.
let cont = Continent.NorthAmerica
printfn $"{Convert.ChangeType(cont, typeof<Double>):N2}"

// Convert a Double to a Continent.
let number = 6.0
try
    printfn $"{Convert.ChangeType(number, typeof<Continent>)}"
with :? InvalidCastException ->
    printfn "Cannot convert a Double to a Continent"

printfn $"{int number |> enum<Continent>}"
// The example displays the following output:
//       5.00
//       Cannot convert a Double to a Continent
//       SouthAmerica

Public Enum Continent As Integer
   Africa = 0
   Antarctica = 1
   Asia = 2
   Australia = 3
   Europe = 4
   NorthAmerica = 5
   SouthAmerica = 6
End Enum

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      ' Convert a Continent to a Double.
      Dim cont As Continent = Continent.NorthAmerica
      Console.WriteLine("{0:N2}", 
                        Convert.ChangeType(cont, GetType(Double)))
   
      ' Convert a Double to a Continent.
      Dim number As Double = 6.0
      Try
         Console.WriteLine("{0}", 
                           Convert.ChangeType(number, GetType(Continent)))
      Catch e As InvalidCastException
         Console.WriteLine("Cannot convert a Double to a Continent")
      End Try
      
      Console.WriteLine("{0}", CType(number, Continent))   
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
'    5.00
'    Cannot convert a Double to a Continent
'    SouthAmerica

ChangeType(Object, Type, IFormatProvider) 方法可以将可以为 null 的类型转换为另一种类型。但是，即使 conversionType 是 Nullable<T>的基础类型，它也不能将另一种类型转换为可为 null 类型的值。若要执行转换，可以使用强制转换运算符（在 C# 中）或转换函数（在 Visual Basic 中）。下面的示例演示了转换到可为 null 的类型和从其转换。

using System;

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      int? intValue1 = 12893;
      double dValue1 = (double) Convert.ChangeType(intValue1, typeof(Double), null);
      Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})--> {2} ({3})", intValue1, intValue1.GetType().Name,
                        dValue1, dValue1.GetType().Name);

      float fValue1 = 16.3478f;
      int? intValue2 = (int) fValue1;
      Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})--> {2} ({3})", fValue1, fValue1.GetType().Name,
                        intValue2, intValue2.GetType().Name);
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//    12893 (Int32)--> 12893 (Double)
//    16.3478 (Single)--> 16 (Int32)

open System

let intValue1 = Nullable 12893
let dValue1 = Convert.ChangeType(intValue1, typeof<Double>, null) :?> double
printfn $"{intValue1} ({intValue1.GetType().Name})--> {dValue1} ({dValue1.GetType().Name})"

let fValue1 = 16.3478f
let intValue2 = Nullable(int fValue1)
printfn $"{fValue1} ({fValue1.GetType().Name})--> {intValue2} ({intValue2.GetType().Name})"

// The example displays the following output:
//    12893 (Int32)--> 12893 (Double)
//    16.3478 (Single)--> 16 (Int32)

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      Dim intValue1 As Integer? = 12893
      Dim dValue1 As Double = CType(Convert.ChangeType(intValue1, GetType(Double), Nothing), Double)
      Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})--> {2} ({3})", intValue1, intValue1.GetType().Name,
                        dValue1, dValue1.GetType().Name)
      

      Dim fValue1 As Single = 16.3478
      Dim intValue2 As Integer? = CType(fValue1, Integer) 
      Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})--> {2} ({3})", fValue1, fValue1.GetType().Name,
                        intValue2, intValue2.GetType().Name)
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
'       12893 (Int32)--> 12893 (Double)
'       16.3478 (Single)--> 16 (Int32)

适用于

ChangeType(Object, TypeCode, IFormatProvider)

Source:: Convert.cs

Source:: Convert.cs

Source:: Convert.cs

返回一个指定类型的对象，其值等效于指定的对象。参数提供区域性特定的格式设置信息。

public:
 static System::Object ^ ChangeType(System::Object ^ value, TypeCode typeCode, IFormatProvider ^ provider);

public static object ChangeType (object value, TypeCode typeCode, IFormatProvider provider);

public static object? ChangeType (object? value, TypeCode typeCode, IFormatProvider? provider);

static member ChangeType : obj * TypeCode * IFormatProvider -> obj

Public Shared Function ChangeType (value As Object, typeCode As TypeCode, provider As IFormatProvider) As Object

参数

value: Object

实现 IConvertible 接口的对象。

typeCode: TypeCode

要返回的对象的类型。

provider: IFormatProvider

提供区域性特定的格式设置信息的对象。

Object

一个对象，其基础类型为 typeCode，其值等效于 value。

-或-

如果 valuenull 且 typeCodeEmpty、String或 Object，则为 null 引用（在 Visual Basic 中Nothing）。

例外

InvalidCastException

不支持此转换。

-或-

value null，typeCode 指定值类型。

-或-

value 不实现 IConvertible 接口。

FormatException

value 的格式不是由 provider识别的 typeCode 类型。

OverflowException

value 表示 typeCode 类型的范围外的数字。

ArgumentException

typeCode 无效。

示例

以下示例定义一个名为 InterceptProvider 的自定义格式提供程序，该提供程序指示何时调用其 GetFormat 方法，并返回 fr-FR 区域性的 NumberFormatInfo，以及 en-US 区域性的 DateTimeFormatInfo 对象。此格式提供程序用于对 ChangeType(Object, TypeCode, IFormatProvider) 方法的所有调用。然后，该示例创建一个具有 Double 和 DateTime 值的数组，并重复调用 ChangeType(Object, TypeCode, IFormatProvider) 以及 TypeCode 枚举的每个成员。该示例演示了该方法何时使用 IFormatProvider 参数，并说明了如何使用 provider 参数执行区分区域性的格式设置。

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Globalization;

ref class InterceptProvider : IFormatProvider
{
public: 
   virtual Object^ GetFormat(Type^ formatType) 
   {
      CultureInfo^ culture;
      if (formatType == NumberFormatInfo::typeid) {
         Console::WriteLine("   Returning a fr-FR numeric format provider.");
         
         culture = gcnew CultureInfo("fr-FR");
         return culture->NumberFormat;
      }  
      else if (formatType == DateTimeFormatInfo::typeid) {
         Console::WriteLine("   Returning an en-US date/time format provider.");
         culture = gcnew CultureInfo("en-US");
         return culture->DateTimeFormat;
      }
      else {
         Console::WriteLine("   Requesting a format provider of {0}.", formatType->Name);
         return nullptr;
      }
   }
};

void main()
{
   array<Object^>^ values = gcnew array<Object^> { 103.5, gcnew DateTime(2010, 12, 26, 14, 34, 0) };
   IFormatProvider^ provider = gcnew InterceptProvider();
      
   // Convert value to each of the types represented in TypeCode enum.
   for each (Object^ value in values)
   {
      // Iterate types in TypeCode enum.
      for each (TypeCode enumType in (array<TypeCode>^) Enum::GetValues(TypeCode::typeid))
      {         
         if (enumType == TypeCode::DBNull || enumType == TypeCode::Empty) continue;
            
         try {
            Console::WriteLine("{0} ({1}) --> {2} ({3}).", 
                              value, value->GetType()->Name,
                              Convert::ChangeType(value, enumType, provider),
                              enumType.ToString());
         }
         catch (InvalidCastException^ e) {
            Console::WriteLine("Cannot convert a {0} to a {1}",
                              value->GetType()->Name, enumType.ToString());
         }                     
         catch (OverflowException^ e) {
            Console::WriteLine("Overflow: {0} is out of the range of a {1}",
                              value, enumType.ToString());
         }
      }
      Console::WriteLine();
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//    103.5 (Double) --> 103.5 (Object).
//    103.5 (Double) --> True (Boolean).
//    Cannot convert a Double to a Char
//    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (SByte).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (Byte).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (Int16).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (UInt16).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (Int32).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (UInt32).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (Int64).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (UInt64).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 103.5 (Single).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 103.5 (Double).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 103.5 (Decimal).
//    Cannot convert a Double to a DateTime
//       Returning a fr-FR numeric format provider.
//    103.5 (Double) --> 103,5 (String).
//    
//    12/26/2010 2:34:00 PM (DateTime) --> 12/26/2010 2:34:00 PM (Object).
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Boolean
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Char
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a SByte
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Byte
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Int16
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a UInt16
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Int32
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a UInt32
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Int64
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a UInt64
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Single
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Double
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Decimal
//    12/26/2010 2:34:00 PM (DateTime) --> 12/26/2010 2:34:00 PM (DateTime).
//       Returning an en-US date/time format provider.
//    12/26/2010 2:34:00 PM (DateTime) --> 12/26/2010 2:34:00 PM (String).

using System;
using System.Globalization;

public class InterceptProvider : IFormatProvider
{
   public object GetFormat(Type formatType)
   {
      if (formatType == typeof(NumberFormatInfo)) {
         Console.WriteLine("   Returning a fr-FR numeric format provider.");
         return new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("fr-FR").NumberFormat;
      }
      else if (formatType == typeof(DateTimeFormatInfo)) {
         Console.WriteLine("   Returning an en-US date/time format provider.");
         return new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("en-US").DateTimeFormat;
      }
      else {
         Console.WriteLine("   Requesting a format provider of {0}.", formatType.Name);
         return null;
      }
   }
}

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      object[] values = { 103.5d, new DateTime(2010, 12, 26, 14, 34, 0) };
      IFormatProvider provider = new InterceptProvider();

      // Convert value to each of the types represented in TypeCode enum.
      foreach (object value in values)
      {
         // Iterate types in TypeCode enum.
         foreach (TypeCode enumType in ((TypeCode[]) Enum.GetValues(typeof(TypeCode))))
         {
            if (enumType == TypeCode.DBNull || enumType == TypeCode.Empty) continue;

            try {
               Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1}) --> {2} ({3}).",
                                 value, value.GetType().Name,
                                 Convert.ChangeType(value, enumType, provider),
                                 enumType.ToString());
            }
            catch (InvalidCastException) {
               Console.WriteLine("Cannot convert a {0} to a {1}",
                                 value.GetType().Name, enumType.ToString());
            }
            catch (OverflowException) {
               Console.WriteLine("Overflow: {0} is out of the range of a {1}",
                                 value, enumType.ToString());
            }
         }
         Console.WriteLine();
      }
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//    103.5 (Double) --> 103.5 (Object).
//    103.5 (Double) --> True (Boolean).
//    Cannot convert a Double to a Char
//    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (SByte).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (Byte).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (Int16).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (UInt16).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (Int32).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (UInt32).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (Int64).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (UInt64).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 103.5 (Single).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 103.5 (Double).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 103.5 (Decimal).
//    Cannot convert a Double to a DateTime
//       Returning a fr-FR numeric format provider.
//    103.5 (Double) --> 103,5 (String).
//
//    12/26/2010 2:34:00 PM (DateTime) --> 12/26/2010 2:34:00 PM (Object).
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Boolean
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Char
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a SByte
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Byte
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Int16
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a UInt16
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Int32
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a UInt32
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Int64
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a UInt64
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Single
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Double
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Decimal
//    12/26/2010 2:34:00 PM (DateTime) --> 12/26/2010 2:34:00 PM (DateTime).
//       Returning an en-US date/time format provider.
//    12/26/2010 2:34:00 PM (DateTime) --> 12/26/2010 2:34:00 PM (String).

open System
open System.Globalization

type InterceptProvider() =
    interface IFormatProvider with
        member _.GetFormat(formatType: Type) =
            if formatType = typeof<NumberFormatInfo> then
                printfn "   Returning a fr-FR numeric format provider."
                CultureInfo("fr-FR").NumberFormat
            elif formatType = typeof<DateTimeFormatInfo> then
                printfn "   Returning an en-US date/time format provider."
                CultureInfo("en-US").DateTimeFormat
            else
                printfn $"   Requesting a format provider of {formatType.Name}."
                null

let values: obj[] = [| 103.5; DateTime(2010, 12, 26, 14, 34, 0)|]
let provider = InterceptProvider()

// Convert value to each of the types represented in TypeCode enum.
for value in values do
    // Iterate types in TypeCode enum.
    for enumType in Enum.GetValues typeof<TypeCode> :?> TypeCode[] do
        match enumType with
        | TypeCode.DBNull | TypeCode.Empty -> ()
        | _ ->
            try
                printfn $"{value} ({value.GetType().Name}) --> {Convert.ChangeType(value, enumType, provider)} ({enumType})."
            with
            | :? InvalidCastException ->
                printfn $"Cannot convert a {value.GetType().Name} to a {enumType}"
            | :? OverflowException ->
                printfn $"Overflow: {value} is out of the range of a {enumType}"
    printfn ""

// The example displays the following output:
//    103.5 (Double) --> 103.5 (Object).
//    103.5 (Double) --> True (Boolean).
//    Cannot convert a Double to a Char
//    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (SByte).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (Byte).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (Int16).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (UInt16).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (Int32).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (UInt32).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (Int64).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (UInt64).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 103.5 (Single).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 103.5 (Double).
//    103.5 (Double) --> 103.5 (Decimal).
//    Cannot convert a Double to a DateTime
//       Returning a fr-FR numeric format provider.
//    103.5 (Double) --> 103,5 (String).
//
//    12/26/2010 2:34:00 PM (DateTime) --> 12/26/2010 2:34:00 PM (Object).
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Boolean
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Char
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a SByte
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Byte
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Int16
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a UInt16
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Int32
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a UInt32
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Int64
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a UInt64
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Single
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Double
//    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Decimal
//    12/26/2010 2:34:00 PM (DateTime) --> 12/26/2010 2:34:00 PM (DateTime).
//       Returning an en-US date/time format provider.
//    12/26/2010 2:34:00 PM (DateTime) --> 12/26/2010 2:34:00 PM (String).

Imports System.Globalization

Public Class InterceptProvider : Implements IFormatProvider
   Public Function GetFormat(formatType As Type) As Object _
          Implements IFormatProvider.GetFormat
      If formatType.Equals(GetType(NumberFormatInfo)) Then
         Console.WriteLine("   Returning a fr-FR numeric format provider.")
         Return New CultureInfo("fr-FR").NumberFormat
      ElseIf formatType.Equals(GetType(DateTimeFormatInfo)) Then
         Console.WriteLine("   Returning an en-US date/time format provider.")
         Return New CultureInfo("en-US").DateTimeFormat
      Else
         Console.WriteLine("   Requesting a format provider of {0}.", formatType.Name)
         Return Nothing
      End If
   End Function
End Class

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      Dim values() As Object = { 103.5r, #12/26/2010 2:34PM# }
      Dim provider As New InterceptProvider()
      
      ' Convert value to each of the types represented in TypeCode enum.
      For Each value As Object In values
         ' Iterate types in TypeCode enum.
         For Each enumType As TypeCode In DirectCast([Enum].GetValues(GetType(TypeCode)), TypeCode())         
            If enumType = TypeCode.DbNull Or enumType = TypeCode.Empty Then Continue For
            
            Try
               Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1}) --> {2} ({3}).", _
                                 value, value.GetType().Name, _
                                 Convert.ChangeType(value, enumType, provider), _
                                 enumType.ToString())
            Catch e As InvalidCastException
               Console.WriteLine("Cannot convert a {0} to a {1}", _
                                 value.GetType().Name, enumType.ToString())
            Catch e As OverflowException
               Console.WriteLine("Overflow: {0} is out of the range of a {1}", _
                                 value, enumType.ToString())
            End Try
         Next
         Console.WriteLine()
      Next
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
'    103.5 (Double) --> 103.5 (Object).
'    103.5 (Double) --> True (Boolean).
'    Cannot convert a Double to a Char
'    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (SByte).
'    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (Byte).
'    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (Int16).
'    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (UInt16).
'    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (Int32).
'    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (UInt32).
'    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (Int64).
'    103.5 (Double) --> 104 (UInt64).
'    103.5 (Double) --> 103.5 (Single).
'    103.5 (Double) --> 103.5 (Double).
'    103.5 (Double) --> 103.5 (Decimal).
'    Cannot convert a Double to a DateTime
'       Returning a fr-FR numeric format provider.
'    103.5 (Double) --> 103,5 (String).
'    
'    12/26/2010 2:34:00 PM (DateTime) --> 12/26/2010 2:34:00 PM (Object).
'    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Boolean
'    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Char
'    Cannot convert a DateTime to a SByte
'    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Byte
'    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Int16
'    Cannot convert a DateTime to a UInt16
'    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Int32
'    Cannot convert a DateTime to a UInt32
'    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Int64
'    Cannot convert a DateTime to a UInt64
'    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Single
'    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Double
'    Cannot convert a DateTime to a Decimal
'    12/26/2010 2:34:00 PM (DateTime) --> 12/26/2010 2:34:00 PM (DateTime).
'       Returning an en-US date/time format provider.
'    12/26/2010 2:34:00 PM (DateTime) --> 12/26/2010 2:34:00 PM (String).

注解

ChangeType(Object, TypeCode, IFormatProvider) 是一种常规用途转换方法，用于将 value 指定的对象转换为由 typeCode指定的预定义类型。 value 参数可以是任何类型的对象。若要成功转换，value 必须实现 IConvertible 接口，因为该方法只是包装对适当 IConvertible 方法的调用。该方法还要求支持将 value 转换为 typeCode。

ChangeType(Object, TypeCode, IFormatProvider) 方法不支持将 value 转换为自定义类型。若要执行此类转换，请调用 ChangeType(Object, Type, IFormatProvider) 方法。

provider 参数是一个 IFormatProvider 实现，它提供转换的格式设置信息。是否以及如何使用此参数取决于基础 IConvertible 实现。如果 value 是基数据类型，则 provider 仅用于以下转换。如果将 nullIFormatProvider 参数传递给这些方法，则使用表示当前区域性的 CultureInfo 对象。

从数字转换为字符串，或从字符串转换为数字。 provider 必须是 CultureInfo 对象、NumberFormatInfo 对象或返回 NumberFormatInfo 对象的自定义 IFormatProvider 实现。但是，由于 ChangeType(Object, TypeCode, IFormatProvider) 方法使用默认的“G”格式说明符执行转换，因此，如果 value 或目标类型为无符号整数，provider 参数将不起作用。
从 DateTime 值转换为字符串，或从字符串转换为 DateTime 值。 provider 必须是 CultureInfo 或 DateTimeFormatInfo 对象。

如果 value 是应用程序定义的类型，则其 IConvertible 实现可以使用 provider 参数。

适用于

通过

Convert.ChangeType 方法

定义

重载

ChangeType(Object, Type)

参数

返回

例外

示例

注解

调用方说明

适用于

ChangeType(Object, TypeCode)

参数

返回

例外

示例

注解

适用于

ChangeType(Object, Type, IFormatProvider)

参数

返回

例外

示例

注解

调用方说明

适用于

ChangeType(Object, TypeCode, IFormatProvider)

参数

返回

例外

示例

注解

适用于

其他资源