TraceSource 类

  • 参考

定义

命名空间:
System.Diagnostics
程序集:
System.Diagnostics.TraceSource.dll
程序集:
System.dll
程序集:
netstandard.dll

提供一组方法和属性，利用这些方法和属性，应用程序可以跟踪代码的执行并将跟踪消息和它们的源关联起来。

public ref class TraceSource
public class TraceSource
type TraceSource = class
Public Class TraceSource
继承
Object
TraceSource

示例

下面的代码示例演示如何使用 TraceSource 类将跟踪转发到侦听器。 此示例还演示了开关和筛选器用法。

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// NAME     TraceSource2.cpp : main project file
//
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////



// The following configuration file can be used with this sample.
// When using a configuration file #define ConfigFile.
//            <source name="TraceTest" switchName="SourceSwitch" switchType="System.Diagnostics.SourceSwitch" >
//                    <add name="console" type="System.Diagnostics.ConsoleTraceListener" initializeData="false" />
//                    <remove name ="Default" />
//            <!-- You can set the level at which tracing is to occur -->
//            <add name="SourceSwitch" value="Warning" />
//            <!-- You can turn tracing off -->
//            <!--add name="SourceSwitch" value="Off" -->
//        <trace autoflush="true" indentsize="4"></trace>

#define TRACE
//#define ConfigFile

#using <System.dll>

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections;
using namespace System::Diagnostics;
using namespace System::Reflection;
using namespace System::IO;
using namespace System::Security::Permissions;

void DisplayProperties(TraceSource^ ts);  // Forward Declaration


int main()
{
    TraceSource^ ts = gcnew TraceSource("TraceTest");

    try
        {
        // Initialize trace switches.
#if(!ConfigFile)
        SourceSwitch^ sourceSwitch = gcnew SourceSwitch("SourceSwitch", "Verbose");
        ts->Switch = sourceSwitch;
        int idxConsole = ts->Listeners->Add(gcnew System::Diagnostics::ConsoleTraceListener());
        ts->Listeners[idxConsole]->Name = "console";
#endif
        DisplayProperties(ts);
        ts->Listeners["console"]->TraceOutputOptions |= TraceOptions::Callstack;
        ts->TraceEvent(TraceEventType::Warning, 1);
        ts->Listeners["console"]->TraceOutputOptions = TraceOptions::DateTime;
        // Issue file not found message as a warning.
        ts->TraceEvent(TraceEventType::Warning, 2, "File Test not found");
        // Issue file not found message as a verbose event using a formatted string.
        ts->TraceEvent(TraceEventType::Verbose, 3, "File {0} not found.", "test");
        // Issue file not found message as information.
        ts->TraceInformation("File {0} not found.", "test");
        ts->Listeners["console"]->TraceOutputOptions |= TraceOptions::LogicalOperationStack;
        // Issue file not found message as an error event.
        ts->TraceEvent(TraceEventType::Error, 4, "File {0} not found.", "test");

        // Test the filter on the ConsoleTraceListener.
        ts->Listeners["console"]->Filter = gcnew SourceFilter("No match");
        ts->TraceData(TraceEventType::Error, 5,
            "SourceFilter should reject this message for the console trace listener.");
        ts->Listeners["console"]->Filter = gcnew SourceFilter("TraceTest");
        ts->TraceData(TraceEventType::Error, 6,
            "SourceFilter should let this message through on the console trace listener.");
        ts->Listeners["console"]->Filter = nullptr;

        // Use the TraceData method. 
        ts->TraceData(TraceEventType::Warning, 7, gcnew array<Object^>{ "Message 1", "Message 2" });

        // Activity tests.
        ts->TraceEvent(TraceEventType::Start, 9, "Will not appear until the switch is changed.");
        ts->Switch->Level = SourceLevels::ActivityTracing | SourceLevels::Critical;
        ts->TraceEvent(TraceEventType::Suspend, 10, "Switch includes ActivityTracing, this should appear");
        ts->TraceEvent(TraceEventType::Critical, 11, "Switch includes Critical, this should appear");
        ts->Flush();
        ts->Close();
        Console::WriteLine("Press enter key to exit.");
        Console::Read();
        }
    catch (Exception ^e)
        {
         // Catch any unexpected exception.
         Console::WriteLine("Unexpected exception: " + e->ToString());
         Console::Read();
        }
}


void DisplayProperties(TraceSource^ ts)
{
    Console::WriteLine("TraceSource name = " + ts->Name);
//    Console::WriteLine("TraceSource switch level = " + ts->Switch->Level);         // error C3063: operator '+': all operands must have the same enumeration type
    Console::WriteLine("TraceSource switch level = {0}", ts->Switch->Level);         //  SUCCESS:  does compile.  Weird
    Console::WriteLine("TraceSource Attributes Count " + ts->Attributes->Count);     //  SUCCESS:  also compiles.  Really weird
    Console::WriteLine("TraceSource Attributes Count = {0}", ts->Attributes->Count); //  SUCCESS:  okay, I give up.  Somebody call me a cab.

    Console::WriteLine("TraceSource switch = " + ts->Switch->DisplayName);
    array<SwitchAttribute^>^ switches = SwitchAttribute::GetAll(TraceSource::typeid->Assembly);

    for (int i = 0; i < switches->Length; i++)
        { 
        Console::WriteLine("Switch name = " + switches[i]->SwitchName);
        Console::WriteLine("Switch type = " + switches[i]->SwitchType);
        }

#if(ConfigFile)
            // Get the custom attributes for the TraceSource.
            Console::WriteLine("Number of custom trace source attributes = "
                + ts.Attributes.Count);
            foreach (DictionaryEntry de in ts.Attributes)
                Console::WriteLine("Custom trace source attribute = "
                    + de.Key + "  " + de.Value);
            // Get the custom attributes for the trace source switch.
            foreach (DictionaryEntry de in ts.Switch.Attributes)
                Console::WriteLine("Custom switch attribute = "
                    + de.Key + "  " + de.Value);
#endif
       Console::WriteLine("Number of listeners = " + ts->Listeners->Count);
       for each (TraceListener ^ traceListener in ts->Listeners)
           {
           Console::Write("TraceListener: " + traceListener->Name + "\t");
           // The following output can be used to update the configuration file.
           Console::WriteLine("AssemblyQualifiedName = " +
               (traceListener->GetType()->AssemblyQualifiedName));
           }
}

// The following configuration file can be used with this sample.
// When using a configuration file #define ConfigFile.
//            <source name="TraceTest" switchName="SourceSwitch" switchType="System.Diagnostics.SourceSwitch" >
//                    <add name="console" type="System.Diagnostics.ConsoleTraceListener" initializeData="false" />
//                    <remove name ="Default" />
//            <!-- You can set the level at which tracing is to occur -->
//            <add name="SourceSwitch" value="Warning" />
//            <!-- You can turn tracing off -->
//            <!--add name="SourceSwitch" value="Off" -->
//        <trace autoflush="true" indentsize="4"></trace>
#define TRACE
//#define ConfigFile

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Reflection;
using System.IO;
using System.Security.Permissions;

namespace Testing
{
    class TraceTest
    {
        // Initialize the trace source.
        static TraceSource ts = new TraceSource("TraceTest");
        [SwitchAttribute("SourceSwitch", typeof(SourceSwitch))]
        static void Main()
        {
            try
            {
                // Initialize trace switches.
#if(!ConfigFile)
                SourceSwitch sourceSwitch = new SourceSwitch("SourceSwitch", "Verbose");
                ts.Switch = sourceSwitch;
                int idxConsole = ts.Listeners.Add(new System.Diagnostics.ConsoleTraceListener());
                ts.Listeners[idxConsole].Name = "console";
#endif
                DisplayProperties(ts);
                ts.Listeners["console"].TraceOutputOptions |= TraceOptions.Callstack;
                ts.TraceEvent(TraceEventType.Warning, 1);
                ts.Listeners["console"].TraceOutputOptions = TraceOptions.DateTime;
                // Issue file not found message as a warning.
                ts.TraceEvent(TraceEventType.Warning, 2, "File Test not found");
                // Issue file not found message as a verbose event using a formatted string.
                ts.TraceEvent(TraceEventType.Verbose, 3, "File {0} not found.", "test");
                // Issue file not found message as information.
                ts.TraceInformation("File {0} not found.", "test");
                ts.Listeners["console"].TraceOutputOptions |= TraceOptions.LogicalOperationStack;
                // Issue file not found message as an error event.
                ts.TraceEvent(TraceEventType.Error, 4, "File {0} not found.", "test");
                // Test the filter on the ConsoleTraceListener.
                ts.Listeners["console"].Filter = new SourceFilter("No match");
                ts.TraceData(TraceEventType.Error, 5,
                    "SourceFilter should reject this message for the console trace listener.");
                ts.Listeners["console"].Filter = new SourceFilter("TraceTest");
                ts.TraceData(TraceEventType.Error, 6,
                    "SourceFilter should let this message through on the console trace listener.");
                ts.Listeners["console"].Filter = null;
                // Use the TraceData method.
                ts.TraceData(TraceEventType.Warning, 7, new object());
                ts.TraceData(TraceEventType.Warning, 8, new object[] { "Message 1", "Message 2" });
                // Activity tests.
                ts.TraceEvent(TraceEventType.Start, 9, "Will not appear until the switch is changed.");
                ts.Switch.Level = SourceLevels.ActivityTracing | SourceLevels.Critical;
                ts.TraceEvent(TraceEventType.Suspend, 10, "Switch includes ActivityTracing, this should appear");
                ts.TraceEvent(TraceEventType.Critical, 11, "Switch includes Critical, this should appear");
                ts.Flush();
                ts.Close();
                Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
                Console.Read();
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                // Catch any unexpected exception.
                Console.WriteLine("Unexpected exception: " + e.ToString());
                Console.Read();
            }
        }
        public static void DisplayProperties(TraceSource ts)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("TraceSource name = " + ts.Name);
            Console.WriteLine("TraceSource switch level = " + ts.Switch.Level);
            Console.WriteLine("TraceSource switch = " + ts.Switch.DisplayName);
            SwitchAttribute[] switches = SwitchAttribute.GetAll(typeof(TraceTest).Assembly);
            for (int i = 0; i < switches.Length; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Switch name = " + switches[i].SwitchName);
                Console.WriteLine("Switch type = " + switches[i].SwitchType);
            }
#if(ConfigFile)
            // Get the custom attributes for the TraceSource.
            Console.WriteLine("Number of custom trace source attributes = "
                + ts.Attributes.Count);
            foreach (DictionaryEntry de in ts.Attributes)
                Console.WriteLine("Custom trace source attribute = "
                    + de.Key + "  " + de.Value);
            // Get the custom attributes for the trace source switch.
            foreach (DictionaryEntry de in ts.Switch.Attributes)
                Console.WriteLine("Custom switch attribute = "
                    + de.Key + "  " + de.Value);
#endif
            Console.WriteLine("Number of listeners = " + ts.Listeners.Count);
            foreach (TraceListener traceListener in ts.Listeners)
            {
                Console.Write("TraceListener: " + traceListener.Name + "\t");
                // The following output can be used to update the configuration file.
                Console.WriteLine("AssemblyQualifiedName = " +
                    (traceListener.GetType().AssemblyQualifiedName));
            }
        }
    }
}

' The following configuration file can be used with this sample.
' When using a configuration file #define ConfigFile.
'            <source name="TraceTest" switchName="SourceSwitch" switchType="System.Diagnostics.SourceSwitch" >
'                    <add name="console" type="System.Diagnostics.ConsoleTraceListener" initializeData="false" />
'                    <remove name ="Default" />
'            <!-- You can set the level at which tracing is to occur -->
'            <add name="SourceSwitch" value="Warning" />
'            <!-- You can turn tracing off -->
'            <!--add name="SourceSwitch" value="Off" -->
'        <trace autoflush="true" indentsize="4"></trace>
#Const TRACE = True
'#Const ConfigFile = True

Imports System.Collections
Imports System.Diagnostics
Imports System.Reflection
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Security.Permissions



Class TraceTest
    ' Initialize the trace source.
    Private Shared ts As New TraceSource("TraceTest")
    <SwitchAttribute("SourceSwitch", GetType(SourceSwitch))> _
    Shared Sub Main()
        Try
            ' Initialize trace switches.
#If (ConfigFile = False) Then
            Dim sourceSwitch As New SourceSwitch("SourceSwitch", "Verbose")
            ts.Switch = sourceSwitch
            Dim idxConsole As New Integer()
            idxConsole = ts.Listeners.Add(New System.Diagnostics.ConsoleTraceListener())
            ts.Listeners(idxConsole).Name = "console"
#End If
            DisplayProperties(ts)
            ts.Listeners("console").TraceOutputOptions = ts.Listeners("console").TraceOutputOptions Or TraceOptions.Callstack
            ts.TraceEvent(TraceEventType.Warning, 1)
            ts.Listeners("console").TraceOutputOptions = TraceOptions.DateTime
            ' Issue file not found message as a warning.
            ts.TraceEvent(TraceEventType.Warning, 2, "File Test not found")
            ' Issue file not found message as a verbose event using a formatted string.
            ts.TraceEvent(TraceEventType.Verbose, 3, "File {0} not found.", "test")
            ' Issue file not found message as information.
            ts.TraceInformation("File {0} not found.", "test")
            ts.Listeners("console").TraceOutputOptions = ts.Listeners("console").TraceOutputOptions Or TraceOptions.LogicalOperationStack
            ' Issue file not found message as an error event.
            ts.TraceEvent(TraceEventType.Error, 4, "File {0} not found.", "test")
            ' Test the filter on the ConsoleTraceListener.
            ts.Listeners("console").Filter = New SourceFilter("No match")
            ts.TraceData(TraceEventType.Error, 5, "SourceFilter should reject this message for the console trace listener.")
            ts.Listeners("console").Filter = New SourceFilter("TraceTest")
            ts.TraceData(TraceEventType.Error, 6, "SourceFilter should let this message through on the console trace listener.")
            ts.Listeners("console").Filter = Nothing
            ' Use the TraceData method. 
            ts.TraceData(TraceEventType.Warning, 7, New Object())
            ts.TraceData(TraceEventType.Warning, 8, New Object() {"Message 1", "Message 2"})
            ' Activity tests.
            ts.TraceEvent(TraceEventType.Start, 9, "Will not appear until the switch is changed.")
            ts.Switch.Level = SourceLevels.ActivityTracing Or SourceLevels.Critical
            ts.TraceEvent(TraceEventType.Suspend, 10, "Switch includes ActivityTracing, this should appear")
            ts.TraceEvent(TraceEventType.Critical, 11, "Switch includes Critical, this should appear")
            ts.Flush()
            ts.Close()
            Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.")
            Console.Read()
        Catch e As Exception
            ' Catch any unexpected exception.
            Console.WriteLine("Unexpected exception: " + e.ToString())
            Console.Read()
        End Try

    End Sub

    Public Shared Sub DisplayProperties(ByVal ts As TraceSource)
        Console.WriteLine("TraceSource name = " + ts.Name)
        Console.WriteLine("TraceSource switch level = " + ts.Switch.Level.ToString())
        Console.WriteLine("TraceSource switch = " + ts.Switch.DisplayName.ToString())
        Dim switches As SwitchAttribute() = SwitchAttribute.GetAll(GetType(TraceTest).Assembly)
        Dim i As Integer
        For i = 0 To switches.Length - 1
            Console.WriteLine("Switch name = " + switches(i).SwitchName.ToString())
            Console.WriteLine("Switch type = " + switches(i).SwitchType.ToString())
        Next i

#If (ConfigFile) Then
        ' Get the custom attributes for the TraceSource.
        Console.WriteLine("Number of custom trace source attributes = " + ts.Attributes.Count)
        Dim de As DictionaryEntry
        For Each de In ts.Attributes
            Console.WriteLine("Custom trace source attribute = " + de.Key + "  " + de.Value)
        Next de
        ' Get the custom attributes for the trace source switch.
        For Each de In ts.Switch.Attributes
            Console.WriteLine("Custom switch attribute = " + de.Key + "  " + de.Value)
        Next de
#End If
        Console.WriteLine("Number of listeners = " + ts.Listeners.Count.ToString())
        Dim traceListener As TraceListener
        For Each traceListener In ts.Listeners
            Console.Write("TraceListener: " + traceListener.Name + vbTab)
            ' The following output can be used to update the configuration file.
            Console.WriteLine("AssemblyQualifiedName = " + traceListener.GetType().AssemblyQualifiedName)
        Next traceListener

    End Sub
End Class

注解

TraceSource 类由应用程序用来生成可与应用程序相关联的跟踪。 TraceSource 提供了一些跟踪方法，利用这些跟踪方法，你可以方便地跟踪事件，跟踪数据和发出信息跟踪。

在.NET Framework应用中，可以通过配置文件设置控制来自TraceSource的跟踪输出。 配置文件位于具有应用程序可执行文件的文件夹中，并且具有添加.config扩展名的应用程序的名称。 例如，TraceSourceSample.exe配置文件的名称TraceSourceSample.exe.config。配置文件可用于指定要发送跟踪信息的位置以及要跟踪的活动级别。 以下示例演示示例.NET Framework应用程序配置文件的内容。

<configuration>  
  <system.diagnostics>  
    <sources>  
      <source name="TraceTest" switchName="SourceSwitch"   
        switchType="System.Diagnostics.SourceSwitch" >  
        <listeners>  
          <add name="console" />  
          <remove name ="Default" />  
        </listeners>  
      </source>  
    </sources>  
    <switches>  
      <!-- You can set the level at which tracing is to occur -->  
      <add name="SourceSwitch" value="Warning" />  
        <!-- You can turn tracing off -->  
        <!--add name="SourceSwitch" value="Off" -->  
    </switches>  
    <sharedListeners>  
      <add name="console"   
        type="System.Diagnostics.ConsoleTraceListener"   
        initializeData="false"/>  
    </sharedListeners>  
    <trace autoflush="true" indentsize="4">  
      <listeners>  
        <add name="console" />  
      </listeners>  
    </trace>  
  </system.diagnostics>  
</configuration>

类 TraceSource 由源的名称（通常是应用程序的名称）标识。 来自特定组件的跟踪消息可由特定跟踪源启动，从而允许轻松识别来自该组件的所有消息。

TraceSource 定义跟踪方法，但实际上不提供任何用于生成和存储跟踪数据的特定机制。 跟踪数据由跟踪侦听器生成，这些侦听器是可由跟踪源加载的插件。

备注

在最终确定期间，不应调用跟踪方法。 这样做可能会导致 ObjectDisposedException 引发。

可以通过在属性中TraceSource.Listeners存储的集合添加或删除TraceListener实例来自定义跟踪输出的目标。 默认情况下，使用类的 DefaultTraceListener 实例生成跟踪输出。

前面的.NET Framework应用配置文件示例演示如何删除DefaultTraceListener和添加用于ConsoleTraceListener生成跟踪源的跟踪输出。 有关详细信息，请参阅 <listeners> 和 <sharedListeners>。

备注

如果跟踪侦听器使用的资源不可用，则向集合中添加跟踪侦听器 Listeners 可能会导致引发异常。 引发的条件和异常取决于跟踪侦听器，不能在本主题中枚举。 在块中try/catch放置对TraceSource方法的调用可能很有用，以检测和处理跟踪侦听器的任何异常。

该 SourceSwitch 类提供动态控制跟踪输出的方法。 对于.NET Framework应用，前面的配置文件示例演示如何从跟踪源关闭跟踪，并控制跟踪发生的级别。 无需重新编译应用程序即可修改源交换机的值。 有关使用配置文件设置交换机的信息，请参阅 Switch 以及如何 ：创建、初始化和配置跟踪交换机。

备注

如果在执行应用程序时修改配置文件，则必须停止并重启应用程序，或者 Refresh 必须在新设置生效之前调用方法。

枚举 TraceEventType 用于定义跟踪消息的事件类型。 跟踪筛选器用于 TraceEventType 确定跟踪侦听器是否应生成跟踪消息。

跟踪侦听器可以选择通过跟踪筛选器进行额外的筛选层。 如果跟踪侦听器具有关联的筛选器，侦听器在该筛选器上调用 ShouldTrace 该方法以确定是否生成跟踪信息。

跟踪侦听器使用类属性Indent的值Trace，IndentSize并AutoFlush设置跟踪输出的格式。 在.NET Framework应用中，可以使用配置文件属性来设置Indent和IndentSizeAutoFlush属性。 以下示例将 AutoFlush 属性设置为 false 3，并将 IndentSize 属性设置为 3。

<configuration>  
  <system.diagnostics>  
    <trace autoflush="false" indentsize="3" />  
  </system.diagnostics>  
</configuration>

构造函数

TraceSource(String)

使用指定的源名称初始化 TraceSource 类的新实例。
TraceSource(String, SourceLevels)

使用源的指定名称和执行跟踪的默认源级别初始化 TraceSource 类的新实例。

属性

Attributes

获取在应用程序配置文件中定义的自定义开关特性。
Listeners

获取跟踪源的跟踪侦听器集合。
Name

获取跟踪源的名称。
Switch

获取或设置源开关的值。

方法

Close()

关闭跟踪侦听器集合中的所有跟踪侦听器。
Equals(Object)

确定指定对象是否等于当前对象。

(继承自 Object)
Flush()

刷新跟踪侦听器集合中的所有跟踪侦听器。
GetHashCode()

作为默认哈希函数。

(继承自 Object)
GetSupportedAttributes()

获取跟踪源所支持的自定义特性。
GetType()

获取当前实例的 Type。

(继承自 Object)
MemberwiseClone()

创建当前 Object 的浅表副本。

(继承自 Object)
ToString()

返回表示当前对象的字符串。

(继承自 Object)
TraceData(TraceEventType, Int32, Object)

使用指定的事件类型、事件标识符和跟踪数据，将跟踪数据写入 Listeners 集合中的跟踪侦听器中。
TraceData(TraceEventType, Int32, Object[])

使用指定的事件类型、事件标识符和跟踪数据数组，将跟踪数据写入 Listeners 集合中的跟踪侦听器中。
TraceEvent(TraceEventType, Int32)

使用指定的事件类型和事件标识符，将跟踪事件消息写入 Listeners 集合中的跟踪侦听器中。
TraceEvent(TraceEventType, Int32, String)

使用指定的事件类型、事件标识符和消息，将跟踪事件消息写入 Listeners 集合中的跟踪侦听器中。
TraceEvent(TraceEventType, Int32, String, Object[])

使用指定的事件类型、事件标识符以及自变量数组和格式，将跟踪事件写入 Listeners 集合中的跟踪侦听器中。
TraceInformation(String)

使用指定消息，将信息性消息写入 Listeners 集合中的跟踪侦听器中。
TraceInformation(String, Object[])

使用指定的对象数组和格式化信息，将信息性消息写入 Listeners 集合中的跟踪侦听器中。
TraceTransfer(Int32, String, Guid)

使用指定的数字标识符、消息和相关活动标识符，将跟踪传输消息写入 Listeners 集合的跟踪侦听器中。

适用于

线程安全性

此类型是线程安全的。

另请参阅