Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable 方法

参考

定义

命名空间:: System

程序集:: System.Runtime.Extensions.dll

程序集:: System.Runtime.dll

程序集:: mscorlib.dll

程序集:: netstandard.dll

重要

一些信息与预发行产品相关，相应产品在发行之前可能会进行重大修改。对于此处提供的信息，Microsoft 不作任何明示或暗示的担保。

创建、修改或删除环境变量。

重载

SetEnvironmentVariable(String, String)	创建、修改或删除存储在当前进程中的环境变量。
SetEnvironmentVariable(String, String, EnvironmentVariableTarget)	创建、修改或删除存储在当前进程或为当前用户或本地计算机保留的 Windows 操作系统注册表项中的环境变量。

SetEnvironmentVariable(String, String)

Source:: Environment.cs

Source:: Environment.cs

Source:: Environment.cs

创建、修改或删除存储在当前进程中的环境变量。

public:
 static void SetEnvironmentVariable(System::String ^ variable, System::String ^ value);

public static void SetEnvironmentVariable (string variable, string value);

public static void SetEnvironmentVariable (string variable, string? value);

static member SetEnvironmentVariable : string * string -> unit

Public Shared Sub SetEnvironmentVariable (variable As String, value As String)

参数

variable: String

环境变量的名称。

value: String

要分配给 variable的值。

例外

ArgumentNullException

variable null。

ArgumentException

variable 包含零长度字符串、初始十六进制零字符（0x00）或等号（“=”）。

-或-

variable 或 value 的长度大于或等于 32,767 个字符。

-或-

执行此操作期间发生错误。

SecurityException

调用方没有执行此操作所需的权限。

示例

以下示例尝试从进程环境块中检索名为 Test1 的环境变量的值。如果该变量不存在，该示例将创建变量并检索其值。该示例显示变量的值。对于在 Windows 系统上运行的 .NET 实现，它还调用具有 EnvironmentVariableTarget 枚举的每个成员的 GetEnvironmentVariables(EnvironmentVariableTarget) 方法，以建立变量只能从当前进程环境块中检索。（类似 Unix 的系统上的 .NET 实现仅支持进程环境块中的变量。最后，如果示例创建了变量，则会将其删除。

using System;

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      string value;
      bool toDelete = false;

      // Check whether the environment variable exists.
      value = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("Test1");
      // If necessary, create it.
      if (value == null)
      {
         Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("Test1", "Value1");
         toDelete = true;

         // Now retrieve it.
         value = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("Test1");
      }
      // Display the value.
      Console.WriteLine($"Test1: {value}\n");

      // Confirm that the value can only be retrieved from the process
      // environment block if running on a Windows system.
      if (Environment.OSVersion.Platform == PlatformID.Win32NT)
      {
         Console.WriteLine("Attempting to retrieve Test1 from:");
         foreach (EnvironmentVariableTarget enumValue in
                           Enum.GetValues(typeof(EnvironmentVariableTarget))) {
            value = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("Test1", enumValue);
            Console.WriteLine($"   {enumValue}: {(value != null ? "found" : "not found")}");
         }
         Console.WriteLine();
      }

      // If we've created it, now delete it.
      if (toDelete) {
         Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("Test1", null);
         // Confirm the deletion.
         if (Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("Test1") == null)
            Console.WriteLine("Test1 has been deleted.");
      }
   }
}
// The example displays the following output if run on a Windows system:
//      Test1: Value1
//
//      Attempting to retrieve Test1 from:
//         Process: found
//         User: not found
//         Machine: not found
//
//      Test1 has been deleted.
//
// The example displays the following output if run on a Unix-based system:
//      Test1: Value1
//
//      Test1 has been deleted.

module Example

open System

let mutable toDelete = false

// Check whether the environment variable exists.
let value = 
    let v = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable "Test1"
    // If necessary, create it.
    if isNull v then
        Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("Test1", "Value1")
        toDelete <- true
        Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable "Test1"
    else 
        v

// Display the value.
printfn $"Test1: {value}\n"

// Confirm that the value can only be retrieved from the process
// environment block if running on a Windows system.
if Environment.OSVersion.Platform = PlatformID.Win32NT then
    printfn "Attempting to retrieve Test1 from:"
    for enumValue in Enum.GetValues typeof<EnvironmentVariableTarget> do
        let value = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("Test1", enumValue :?> EnvironmentVariableTarget)
        printfn $"""   {enumValue}: {if value <> null then "found" else "not found"}"""
    printfn ""

// If we've created it, now delete it.
if toDelete then
    Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("Test1", null)
    // Confirm the deletion.
    if Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable "Test1" |> isNull then
        printfn "Test1 has been deleted."
// The example displays the following output if run on a Windows system:
//      Test1: Value1
//
//      Attempting to retrieve Test1 from:
//         Process: found
//         User: not found
//         Machine: not found
//
//      Test1 has been deleted.
//
// The example displays the following output if run on a Unix-based system:
//      Test1: Value1
//
//      Test1 has been deleted.

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      Dim value As String 
      Dim toDelete As Boolean = False
      
      ' Check whether the environment variable exists.
      value = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("Test1")
      ' If necessary, create it.
      If value Is Nothing Then
         Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("Test1", "Value1")
         toDelete = True
         
         ' Now retrieve it.
         value = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("Test1")
      End If
      ' Display the value.
      Console.WriteLine($"Test1: {value}")
      Console.WriteLine()
      
      ' Confirm that the value can only be retrieved from the process
      ' environment block if running on a Windows system.
      If Environment.OSVersion.Platform = PlatformID.Win32NT Then
         Console.WriteLine("Attempting to retrieve Test1 from:")
         For Each enumValue As EnvironmentVariableTarget In 
                           [Enum].GetValues(GetType(EnvironmentVariableTarget))
            value = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("Test1", enumValue)
            Console.WriteLine($"   {enumValue}: {If(value IsNot Nothing, "found", "not found")}")
         Next
         Console.WriteLine()
      End If

      ' If we've created it, now delete it.
      If toDelete Then 
         Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("Test1", Nothing)
         ' Confirm the deletion.
         If Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("Test1") = Nothing Then
            Console.WriteLine("Test1 has been deleted.")
         End If
      End If         
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output if run on a Windows system:
'      Test1: Value1
'
'      Attempting to retrieve Test1 from:
'         Process: found
'         User: not found
'         Machine: not found
'
'      Test1 has been deleted.
'
' The example displays the following output if run on a Unix-based system:
'      Test1: Value1
'
'      Test1 has been deleted.

注解

调用此方法等效于调用具有 target 参数 EnvironmentVariableTarget.Process 值的 SetEnvironmentVariable(String, String, EnvironmentVariableTarget) 重载。

在类似 Unix 的系统上，对 SetEnvironmentVariable(String, String) 方法的调用对任何本机库（或将被加载）没有任何影响。（相反，托管调用方不会看到本机库进行的进程内环境修改。

如果未 nullvalue 参数，并且 variable 参数命名的环境变量不存在，则会创建环境变量并为其分配 value的内容。如果存在，则修改其值。由于环境变量仅在当前进程的环境块中定义，因此在进程结束之后不会保留该变量。

如果 variable 包含非初始十六进制零字符，则零字符之前的字符被视为环境变量名称，并忽略所有后续字符。

如果 value 包含非初始十六进制零字符，则零字符前的字符将分配给环境变量，并忽略所有后续字符。

如果 valuenull（或 .NET 9 之前的版本中为空），并且存在由 variable 命名的环境变量，则会删除该环境变量。如果 variable 不存在，即使无法执行操作，也不会发生错误。在以下任一条件下，value 被视为空：

这是 String.Empty。
它包含一个字符，其值为 U+0000。

另请参阅

适用于

SetEnvironmentVariable(String, String, EnvironmentVariableTarget)

Source:: Environment.cs

Source:: Environment.cs

Source:: Environment.cs

创建、修改或删除存储在当前进程或为当前用户或本地计算机保留的 Windows 操作系统注册表项中的环境变量。

public:
 static void SetEnvironmentVariable(System::String ^ variable, System::String ^ value, EnvironmentVariableTarget target);

public static void SetEnvironmentVariable (string variable, string? value, EnvironmentVariableTarget target);

public static void SetEnvironmentVariable (string variable, string value, EnvironmentVariableTarget target);

static member SetEnvironmentVariable : string * string * EnvironmentVariableTarget -> unit

Public Shared Sub SetEnvironmentVariable (variable As String, value As String, target As EnvironmentVariableTarget)

参数

variable: String

环境变量的名称。

value: String

要分配给 variable的值。

target: EnvironmentVariableTarget

指定环境变量位置的枚举值之一。

例外

ArgumentNullException

variable null。

ArgumentException

variable 包含零长度字符串、初始十六进制零字符（0x00）或等号（“=”）。

-或-

variable 长度大于或等于 32,767 个字符。

-或-

target 不是 EnvironmentVariableTarget 枚举的成员。

-或-

target 是 Machine 或 User，并且 variable 长度大于或等于 255。

-或-

target Process，value 长度大于或等于 32,767 个字符。

-或-

执行此操作期间发生错误。

SecurityException

调用方没有执行此操作所需的权限。

示例

以下示例为 EnvironmentVariableTarget.Process、EnvironmentVariableTarget.User和 Machine 目标创建环境变量，检查操作系统注册表是否包含用户和计算机环境变量，然后删除环境变量。由于类似 Unix 的系统上的 .NET 不支持每用户和每台计算机环境变量，因此仅 SetEnvironmentVariable(String, String) 和 SetEnvironmentVariable(String, String, EnvironmentVariableTarget)，其值为 EnvironmentVariableTarget.Process 成功将环境变量存储到进程环境块。

using System;
using System.Collections;
using Microsoft.Win32;

class Sample
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        // Environment variable names for default, process, user, and machine targets.
        string defaultEnvVar = nameof(defaultEnvVar);
        string processEnvVar = nameof(processEnvVar);
        string userEnvVar = nameof(userEnvVar);
        string machineEnvVar = nameof(machineEnvVar);

        string dft = nameof(dft);
        string process = nameof(process);
        string user = nameof(user);
        string machine = nameof(machine);

        // Set the environment variable for each target.
        Console.WriteLine("Setting environment variables for each target...\n");
        // The default target (the current process).
        Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(defaultEnvVar, dft);
        // The current process.
        Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(processEnvVar, process,
                                           EnvironmentVariableTarget.Process);
        // The current user.
        Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(userEnvVar, user,
                                           EnvironmentVariableTarget.User);
        // The local machine.
        Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(machineEnvVar, machine,
                                           EnvironmentVariableTarget.Machine);

        // Define an array of environment variables.
        string[] envVars = { defaultEnvVar,processEnvVar, userEnvVar, machineEnvVar };

        // Try to get the environment variables from each target.
        // The default (no specified target).
        Console.WriteLine("Retrieving environment variables from the default target:");
        foreach (var envVar in envVars)
        {
          var value = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(envVar) ?? "(none)";
          Console.WriteLine($"   {envVar}: {value}");
        }
        // The process block.
        Console.WriteLine("\nRetrieving environment variables from the Process target:");
        foreach (var envVar in envVars)
        {
          var value = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(envVar, EnvironmentVariableTarget.Process) ?? "(none)";
          Console.WriteLine($"   {envVar}: {value}");
        }
        // The user block.
        Console.WriteLine("\nRetrieving environment variables from the User target:");
        foreach (var envVar in envVars)
        {
          var value = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(envVar, EnvironmentVariableTarget.User) ?? "(none)";
          Console.WriteLine($"   {envVar}: {value}");
        }
        // The machine block.
        Console.WriteLine("\nRetrieving environment variables from the Machine target:");
        foreach (var envVar in envVars)
        {
          var value = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(envVar, EnvironmentVariableTarget.Machine) ?? "(none)";
          Console.WriteLine($"   {envVar}: {value}");
        }

        // Delete the environment variable for each target.
        Console.WriteLine("\nDeleting environment variables for each target...\n");
        // The default target (the current process).
        Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(defaultEnvVar, null);
        // The current process.
        Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(processEnvVar, null,
                                           EnvironmentVariableTarget.Process);
        // The current user.
        Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(userEnvVar, null,
                                           EnvironmentVariableTarget.User);
        // The local machine.
        Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(machineEnvVar, null,
                                           EnvironmentVariableTarget.Machine);
    }
}
// The example displays the following output if run on a Windows system:
//      Setting environment variables for each target...
//
//      Retrieving environment variables from the default target:
//        defaultEnvVar: dft
//        processEnvVar: process
//        userEnvVar: user
//        machineEnvVar: (none)
//
//      Retrieving environment variables from the Process target:
//        defaultEnvVar: dft
//        processEnvVar: process
//        userEnvVar: user
//        machineEnvVar: (none)
//
//      Retrieving environment variables from the User target:
//        defaultEnvVar: (none)
//        processEnvVar: (none)
//        userEnvVar: user
//        machineEnvVar: (none)
//
//      Retrieving environment variables from the Machine target:
//        defaultEnvVar: (none)
//        processEnvVar: (none)
//        userEnvVar: (none)
//        machineEnvVar: machine
//
//      Deleting environment variables for each target...
//
// The example displays the following output if run on a Unix-based system:
//
//      Setting environment variables for each target...
//
//      Retrieving environment variables from the default target:
//        defaultEnvVar: dft
//        processEnvVar: process
//        userEnvVar: (none)
//        machineEnvVar: (none)
//
//      Retrieving environment variables from the Process target:
//        defaultEnvVar: dft
//        processEnvVar: process
//        userEnvVar: (none)
//        machineEnvVar: (none)
//
//      Retrieving environment variables from the User target:
//        defaultEnvVar: (none)
//        processEnvVar: (none)
//        userEnvVar: (none)
//        machineEnvVar: (none)
//
//      Retrieving environment variables from the Machine target:
//        defaultEnvVar: (none)
//        processEnvVar: (none)
//        userEnvVar: (none)
//        machineEnvVar: (none)
//
//      Deleting environment variables for each target...

module Sample

open System

// Environment variable names for default, process, user, and machine targets.
let rec defaultEnvVar = nameof defaultEnvVar
let rec processEnvVar = nameof processEnvVar
let rec userEnvVar = nameof userEnvVar
let rec machineEnvVar = nameof machineEnvVar

let rec dft = nameof dft
let rec proc = nameof proc
let rec user = nameof user
let rec machine = nameof machine

// Set the environment variable for each target.
printfn "Setting environment variables for each target...\n"
// The default target (the current process).
Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(defaultEnvVar, dft)
// The current process.
Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(processEnvVar, proc, EnvironmentVariableTarget.Process)
// The current user.
Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(userEnvVar, user, EnvironmentVariableTarget.User)
// The local machine.
Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(machineEnvVar, machine, EnvironmentVariableTarget.Machine)

// Define a list of environment variables.
let envVars = [ defaultEnvVar; processEnvVar; userEnvVar; machineEnvVar ]

// Try to get the environment variables from each target.
// The default (no specified target).
printfn "Retrieving environment variables from the default target:"
for envVar in envVars do
    let value = 
        match Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable envVar with
        | null -> "(none)"
        | v -> v
    printfn $"   {envVar}: {value}"

// The process block.
printfn "\nRetrieving environment variables from the Process target:"
for envVar in envVars do
    let value = 
        match Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(envVar, EnvironmentVariableTarget.Process) with
        | null -> "(none)"
        | v -> v
    printfn $"   {envVar}: {value}"

// The user block.
printfn "\nRetrieving environment variables from the User target:"
for envVar in envVars do
    let value = 
        match Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(envVar, EnvironmentVariableTarget.User) with
        | null -> "(none)"
        | v -> v
    printfn $"   {envVar}: {value}"

// The machine block.
printfn "\nRetrieving environment variables from the Machine target:"
for envVar in envVars do
    let value = 
        match Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(envVar, EnvironmentVariableTarget.Machine) with
        | null -> "(none)"
        | v -> v
    printfn $"   {envVar}: {value}"

// Delete the environment variable for each target.
printfn "\nDeleting environment variables for each target...\n"
// The default target (the current process).
Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(defaultEnvVar, null)
// The current process.
Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(processEnvVar, null, EnvironmentVariableTarget.Process)
// The current user.
Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(userEnvVar, null, EnvironmentVariableTarget.User)
// The local machine.
Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(machineEnvVar, null, EnvironmentVariableTarget.Machine)

// The example displays the following output if run on a Windows system:
//      Setting environment variables for each target...
//
//      Retrieving environment variables from the default target:
//        defaultEnvVar: dft
//        processEnvVar: process
//        userEnvVar: user
//        machineEnvVar: (none)
//
//      Retrieving environment variables from the Process target:
//        defaultEnvVar: dft
//        processEnvVar: process
//        userEnvVar: user
//        machineEnvVar: (none)
//
//      Retrieving environment variables from the User target:
//        defaultEnvVar: (none)
//        processEnvVar: (none)
//        userEnvVar: user
//        machineEnvVar: (none)
//
//      Retrieving environment variables from the Machine target:
//        defaultEnvVar: (none)
//        processEnvVar: (none)
//        userEnvVar: (none)
//        machineEnvVar: machine
//
//      Deleting environment variables for each target...
//
// The example displays the following output if run on a Unix-based system:
//
//      Setting environment variables for each target...
//
//      Retrieving environment variables from the default target:
//        defaultEnvVar: dft
//        processEnvVar: process
//        userEnvVar: (none)
//        machineEnvVar: (none)
//
//      Retrieving environment variables from the Process target:
//        defaultEnvVar: dft
//        processEnvVar: process
//        userEnvVar: (none)
//        machineEnvVar: (none)
//
//      Retrieving environment variables from the User target:
//        defaultEnvVar: (none)
//        processEnvVar: (none)
//        userEnvVar: (none)
//        machineEnvVar: (none)
//
//      Retrieving environment variables from the Machine target:
//        defaultEnvVar: (none)
//        processEnvVar: (none)
//        userEnvVar: (none)
//        machineEnvVar: (none)
//
//      Deleting environment variables for each target...

Imports System.Collections
Imports Microsoft.Win32

Module Sample 
    Public Sub Main() 
        ' Environment variable names for default, process, user, and machine targets.
        Dim defaultEnvVar As String = NameOf(defaultEnvVar)
        Dim processEnvVar As String = NameOf(processEnvVar)
        Dim userEnvVar As String = NameOf(userEnvVar)
        Dim machineEnvVar As String = NameOf(machineEnvVar)

        Dim dft As String = NameOf(dft)
        Dim process As String = NameOf(process)
        Dim user As String = NameOf(user)
        Dim machine As String = NameOf(machine)

        ' Set the environment variable for each target.
        Console.WriteLine("Setting environment variables for each target...")
        ' The default target (the current process).
        Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(defaultEnvVar, dft)
        ' The current process.
        Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(processEnvVar, process, 
                                           EnvironmentVariableTarget.Process)
        ' The current user.
        Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(userEnvVar, user, 
                                           EnvironmentVariableTarget.User)
        ' The local machine.
        Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(machineEnvVar, machine, 
                                           EnvironmentVariableTarget.Machine)
        Console.WriteLine()

        ' Define an array of environment variables.
        Dim envVars As String() = { defaultEnvVar, processEnvVar, userEnvVar, machineEnvVar }
        
        ' Try to get the environment variables from each target.
        ' The default (no specified target).
        Console.WriteLine("Retrieving environment variables from the default target:")
        For Each envVar in envVars
          Dim value = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(envVar)
          Console.WriteLine($"   {envVar}: {If(value IsNot Nothing, value, "(none)")}")
        Next
        Console.WriteLine()
        ' The process block.
        Console.WriteLine("Retrieving environment variables from the Process target:")
        For Each envVar in envVars
          Dim value = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(envVar, EnvironmentVariableTarget.Process)
          Console.WriteLine($"   {envVar}: {If(value IsNot Nothing, value, "(none)")}")
        Next
        Console.WriteLine()
        ' The user block.
        Console.WriteLine("Retrieving environment variables from the User target:")
        For Each envVar in envVars
          Dim value = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(envVar, EnvironmentVariableTarget.User)
          Console.WriteLine($"   {envVar}: {value}")
        Next
        Console.WriteLine()
        ' The machine block.
        Console.WriteLine("Retrieving environment variables from the Machine target:")
        For Each envVar in envVars
          Dim value = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(envVar, EnvironmentVariableTarget.Machine)
          Console.WriteLine($"   {envVar}: {value}")
        Next
        Console.WriteLine()

        ' Delete the environment variable for each target.
        Console.WriteLine("Deleting environment variables for each target...")
        ' The default target (the current process).
        Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(defaultEnvVar, Nothing)
        ' The current process.
        Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(processEnvVar, Nothing, 
                                           EnvironmentVariableTarget.Process)
        ' The current user.
        Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(userEnvVar, Nothing, 
                                           EnvironmentVariableTarget.User)
        ' The local machine.
        Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(machineEnvVar, Nothing, 
                                           EnvironmentVariableTarget.Machine)
    End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output if run on a Windows system:
'      Setting environment variables for each target...
'
'      Retrieving environment variables from the default target:
'        defaultEnvVar: dft
'        processEnvVar: process
'        userEnvVar: user
'        machineEnvVar: (none)
'
'      Retrieving environment variables from the Process target:
'        defaultEnvVar: dft
'        processEnvVar: process
'        userEnvVar: user
'        machineEnvVar: (none)
'
'      Retrieving environment variables from the User target:
'        defaultEnvVar: (none)
'        processEnvVar: (none)
'        userEnvVar: user
'        machineEnvVar: (none)
'
'      Retrieving environment variables from the Machine target:
'        defaultEnvVar: (none)
'        processEnvVar: (none)
'        userEnvVar: (none)
'        machineEnvVar: machine
'
'      Deleting environment variables for each target...
'
' The example displays the following output if run on a Unix-based system:
'
'      Setting environment variables for each target...
'
'      Retrieving environment variables from the default target:
'        defaultEnvVar: dft
'        processEnvVar: process
'        userEnvVar: (none)
'        machineEnvVar: (none)
'
'      Retrieving environment variables from the Process target:
'        defaultEnvVar: dft
'        processEnvVar: process
'        userEnvVar: (none)
'        machineEnvVar: (none)
'
'      Retrieving environment variables from the User target:
'        defaultEnvVar: (none)
'        processEnvVar: (none)
'        userEnvVar: (none)
'        machineEnvVar: (none)
'
'      Retrieving environment variables from the Machine target:
'        defaultEnvVar: (none)
'        processEnvVar: (none)
'        userEnvVar: (none)
'        machineEnvVar: (none)
'
'      Deleting environment variables for each target...

注解

使用 SetEnvironmentVariable(String, String, EnvironmentVariableTarget) 方法可以定义可用于当前进程（Process 值）的环境变量。当前进程环境块唯一的环境变量仅在进程结束之前保留。

此外，仅在 Windows 系统上，SetEnvironmentVariable(String, String, EnvironmentVariableTarget) 方法允许你定义一个环境变量，该环境变量可用于计算机上运行的所有进程（EnvironmentVariableTarget.Machine 值）以及用户运行的所有进程（EnvironmentVariableTarget.User 值）。每台计算机和每用户环境变量将复制到当前进程的环境块中。

在类似 Unix 的系统上，将忽略对具有 EnvironmentVariableTarget.Machine 或 EnvironmentVariableTarget.User 值的 SetEnvironmentVariable(String, String, EnvironmentVariableTarget) 方法的调用。

在类似 Unix 的系统上，对具有 EnvironmentVariableTarget.Process 值的 SetEnvironmentVariable(String, String, EnvironmentVariableTarget) 方法的调用对任何本机库（或将加载）没有任何影响。（相反，托管调用方不会看到本机库进行的进程内环境修改。

如果未 nullvalue 参数，并且由 variable 参数命名的环境变量不存在，则会创建环境变量并为其分配 value的内容。如果存在，则修改其值。

如果 variable 包含非初始十六进制零字符，则零字符之前的字符被视为环境变量名称，并忽略所有后续字符。

如果 value 包含非初始十六进制零字符，则零字符前的字符将分配给环境变量，并忽略所有后续字符。

如果 valuenull（或 .NET 9 之前的版本中为空），并且存在由 variable 命名的环境变量，则会删除该环境变量。在以下任一条件下，value 被视为空：

这是 String.Empty。
它包含一个字符，其值为 U+0000。

如果 variable 不存在，则无法执行该操作，但不会发生错误。当 targetMachine时要小心，因为可能会意外删除影响整个本地计算机的环境变量，而不仅仅是当前进程或用户。

Windows 系统上的 EnvironmentVariableTarget.Machine 和 EnvironmentVariableTarget.User

如果 targetEnvironmentVariableTarget.User，则环境变量存储在本地计算机的注册表的 HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Environment 键中。它还复制到作为当前用户运行的文件资源管理器实例。然后，环境变量由用户从文件资源管理器启动的任何新进程继承。

同样，如果 targetEnvironmentVariableTarget.Machine，则环境变量存储在本地计算机的注册表的 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\Session Manager\Environment 键中。它还会复制到文件资源管理器的所有实例。然后，环境变量由从文件资源管理器启动的任何新进程继承。

如果 targetUser 或 Machine，则 Windows WM_SETTINGCHANGE 消息会通知其他应用程序设置操作。

如果 targetEnvironmentVariableTarget.User 或 EnvironmentVariableTarget.Machine，我们建议 value 长度小于 2048 个字符。

另请参阅

适用于

通过

Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable 方法

定义

重载

SetEnvironmentVariable(String, String)

参数

例外

示例

注解

另请参阅

适用于

SetEnvironmentVariable(String, String, EnvironmentVariableTarget)

参数

例外

示例

注解

Windows 系统上的 EnvironmentVariableTarget.Machine 和 EnvironmentVariableTarget.User

另请参阅

适用于

其他资源