FlagsAttribute 类

参考

定义

命名空间:: System

程序集:: System.Runtime.dll

程序集:: mscorlib.dll

程序集:: netstandard.dll

重要

一些信息与预发行产品相关，相应产品在发行之前可能会进行重大修改。对于此处提供的信息，Microsoft 不作任何明示或暗示的担保。

指示可将枚举视为位域（即一组标志）。

public ref class FlagsAttribute : Attribute

[System.AttributeUsage(System.AttributeTargets.Enum, Inherited=false)]
public class FlagsAttribute : Attribute

[System.AttributeUsage(System.AttributeTargets.Enum, Inherited=false)]
[System.Serializable]
public class FlagsAttribute : Attribute

[System.AttributeUsage(System.AttributeTargets.Enum, Inherited=false)]
[System.Serializable]
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)]
public class FlagsAttribute : Attribute

[<System.AttributeUsage(System.AttributeTargets.Enum, Inherited=false)>]
type FlagsAttribute = class
    inherit Attribute

[<System.AttributeUsage(System.AttributeTargets.Enum, Inherited=false)>]
[<System.Serializable>]
type FlagsAttribute = class
    inherit Attribute

[<System.AttributeUsage(System.AttributeTargets.Enum, Inherited=false)>]
[<System.Serializable>]
[<System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)>]
type FlagsAttribute = class
    inherit Attribute

Public Class FlagsAttribute
Inherits Attribute

继承: Object

Attribute
FlagsAttribute

属性: AttributeUsageAttribute SerializableAttribute ComVisibleAttribute

示例

以下示例演示了特性的使用FlagsAttribute，并演示了对声明使用 FlagsAttributeEnum 的方法的影响ToString。

using namespace System;

// Define an Enum without FlagsAttribute.
public enum class SingleHue : short
{
   None = 0,
   Black = 1,
   Red = 2,
   Green = 4,
   Blue = 8
};

// Define an Enum with FlagsAttribute.
[Flags]
enum class MultiHue : short
{
   None = 0,
   Black = 1,
   Red = 2,
   Green = 4,
   Blue = 8
};

int main()
{
   // Display all possible combinations of values.
   Console::WriteLine(
        "All possible combinations of values without FlagsAttribute:");
   for (int val = 0; val <= 16; val++)
      Console::WriteLine("{0,3} - {1:G}", val, (SingleHue)val);
      
   Console::WriteLine(
        "\nAll possible combinations of values with FlagsAttribute:");
   
   // Display all combinations of values, and invalid values.
   for (int val = 0; val <= 16; val++ )
      Console::WriteLine("{0,3} - {1:G}", val, (MultiHue)val);
}
// The example displays the following output:
//       All possible combinations of values without FlagsAttribute:
//         0 - None
//         1 - Black
//         2 - Red
//         3 - 3
//         4 - Green
//         5 - 5
//         6 - 6
//         7 - 7
//         8 - Blue
//         9 - 9
//        10 - 10
//        11 - 11
//        12 - 12
//        13 - 13
//        14 - 14
//        15 - 15
//        16 - 16
//       
//       All possible combinations of values with FlagsAttribute:
//         0 - None
//         1 - Black
//         2 - Red
//         3 - Black, Red
//         4 - Green
//         5 - Black, Green
//         6 - Red, Green
//         7 - Black, Red, Green
//         8 - Blue
//         9 - Black, Blue
//        10 - Red, Blue
//        11 - Black, Red, Blue
//        12 - Green, Blue
//        13 - Black, Green, Blue
//        14 - Red, Green, Blue
//        15 - Black, Red, Green, Blue
//        16 - 16

using System;

class Example
{
   // Define an Enum without FlagsAttribute.
   enum SingleHue : short
   {
      None = 0,
      Black = 1,
      Red = 2,
      Green = 4,
      Blue = 8
   };

   // Define an Enum with FlagsAttribute.
   [Flags]
   enum MultiHue : short
   {
      None = 0,
      Black = 1,
      Red = 2,
      Green = 4,
      Blue = 8
   };

   static void Main( )
   {
      // Display all possible combinations of values.
      Console.WriteLine(
           "All possible combinations of values without FlagsAttribute:");
      for(int val = 0; val <= 16; val++ )
         Console.WriteLine( "{0,3} - {1:G}", val, (SingleHue)val);

      // Display all combinations of values, and invalid values.
      Console.WriteLine(
           "\nAll possible combinations of values with FlagsAttribute:");
      for( int val = 0; val <= 16; val++ )
         Console.WriteLine( "{0,3} - {1:G}", val, (MultiHue)val);
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//       All possible combinations of values without FlagsAttribute:
//         0 - None
//         1 - Black
//         2 - Red
//         3 - 3
//         4 - Green
//         5 - 5
//         6 - 6
//         7 - 7
//         8 - Blue
//         9 - 9
//        10 - 10
//        11 - 11
//        12 - 12
//        13 - 13
//        14 - 14
//        15 - 15
//        16 - 16
//
//       All possible combinations of values with FlagsAttribute:
//         0 - None
//         1 - Black
//         2 - Red
//         3 - Black, Red
//         4 - Green
//         5 - Black, Green
//         6 - Red, Green
//         7 - Black, Red, Green
//         8 - Blue
//         9 - Black, Blue
//        10 - Red, Blue
//        11 - Black, Red, Blue
//        12 - Green, Blue
//        13 - Black, Green, Blue
//        14 - Red, Green, Blue
//        15 - Black, Red, Green, Blue
//        16 - 16

open System

// Define an Enum without FlagsAttribute.
type SingleHue =
    | None = 0
    | Black = 1
    | Red = 2
    | Green = 4
    | Blue = 8

// Define an Enum with FlagsAttribute.
[<Flags>]
type MultiHue =
    | None = 0
    | Black = 1
    | Red = 2
    | Green = 4
    | Blue = 8

// Display all possible combinations of values.
printfn "All possible combinations of values without FlagsAttribute:"
for i = 0 to 16 do
    printfn $"{i,3} - {enum<SingleHue> i:G}"

// Display all combinations of values, and invalid values.
printfn "\nAll possible combinations of values with FlagsAttribute:"
for i = 0 to 16 do
    printfn $"{i,3} - {enum<MultiHue> i:G}"

// The example displays the following output:
//       All possible combinations of values without FlagsAttribute:
//         0 - None
//         1 - Black
//         2 - Red
//         3 - 3
//         4 - Green
//         5 - 5
//         6 - 6
//         7 - 7
//         8 - Blue
//         9 - 9
//        10 - 10
//        11 - 11
//        12 - 12
//        13 - 13
//        14 - 14
//        15 - 15
//        16 - 16
//
//       All possible combinations of values with FlagsAttribute:
//         0 - None
//         1 - Black
//         2 - Red
//         3 - Black, Red
//         4 - Green
//         5 - Black, Green
//         6 - Red, Green
//         7 - Black, Red, Green
//         8 - Blue
//         9 - Black, Blue
//        10 - Red, Blue
//        11 - Black, Red, Blue
//        12 - Green, Blue
//        13 - Black, Green, Blue
//        14 - Red, Green, Blue
//        15 - Black, Red, Green, Blue
//        16 - 16

Module Example
   ' Define an Enum without FlagsAttribute.
   Enum SingleHue As Short
      None = 0
      Black = 1
      Red = 2
      Green = 4
      Blue = 8
   End Enum

   ' Define an Enum with FlagsAttribute.
   <Flags()> 
   Enum MultiHue As Short
      None = 0
      Black = 1
      Red = 2
      Green = 4
      Blue = 8
   End Enum

   Sub Main()
      ' Display all possible combinations of values.
      Console.WriteLine(
           "All possible combinations of values without FlagsAttribute:")
      For val As Integer = 0 To 16
         Console.WriteLine("{0,3} - {1:G}", val, CType(val, SingleHue))
     Next 
     Console.WriteLine()
     
     ' Display all combinations of values, and invalid values.
     Console.WriteLine( 
          "All possible combinations of values with FlagsAttribute:")
     For val As Integer = 0 To 16
        Console.WriteLine( "{0,3} - {1:G}", val, CType(val, MultiHue))
     Next 
   End Sub 
End Module 
' The example displays the following output:
'       All possible combinations of values without FlagsAttribute:
'         0 - None
'         1 - Black
'         2 - Red
'         3 - 3
'         4 - Green
'         5 - 5
'         6 - 6
'         7 - 7
'         8 - Blue
'         9 - 9
'        10 - 10
'        11 - 11
'        12 - 12
'        13 - 13
'        14 - 14
'        15 - 15
'        16 - 16
'       
'       All possible combinations of values with FlagsAttribute:
'         0 - None
'         1 - Black
'         2 - Red
'         3 - Black, Red
'         4 - Green
'         5 - Black, Green
'         6 - Red, Green
'         7 - Black, Red, Green
'         8 - Blue
'         9 - Black, Blue
'        10 - Red, Blue
'        11 - Black, Red, Blue
'        12 - Green, Blue
'        13 - Black, Green, Blue
'        14 - Red, Green, Blue
'        15 - Black, Red, Green, Blue
'        16 - 16

前面的示例定义了两个与颜色相关的枚举 SingleHue 和 MultiHue。后者具有属性 FlagsAttribute ;前者没有。该示例演示当一系列整数（包括不表示枚举类型的基础值的整数）被强制转换为枚举类型及其字符串表示形式时的行为差异。例如，请注意，不能将 3 表示为 SingleHue 值，因为 3 不是任何 SingleHue 成员的基础值，而 FlagsAttribute 特性使可以将 3 表示为 MultiHue 值 Black, Red。

以下示例使用 FlagsAttribute 属性定义另一个枚举，并演示如何使用按位逻辑运算符和相等运算符来确定是否在枚举值中设置一个或多个位字段。也可以使用 Enum.HasFlag 方法执行此操作，但此示例中未显示。

using namespace System;

[Flags]
enum class PhoneService
{
   None = 0,
   LandLine = 1,
   Cell = 2,
   Fax = 4,
   Internet = 8,
   Other = 16
};

void main()
{
   // Define three variables representing the types of phone service
   // in three households.
   PhoneService household1 = PhoneService::LandLine | PhoneService::Cell |
                             PhoneService::Internet;
   PhoneService household2 = PhoneService::None;
   PhoneService household3 = PhoneService::Cell | PhoneService::Internet;

   // Store the variables in an array for ease of access.
   array<PhoneService>^ households = { household1, household2, household3 };

   // Which households have no service?
   for (int ctr = 0; ctr < households->Length; ctr++)
      Console::WriteLine("Household {0} has phone service: {1}",
                         ctr + 1,
                         households[ctr] == PhoneService::None ?
                             "No" : "Yes");
   Console::WriteLine();

   // Which households have cell phone service?
   for (int ctr = 0; ctr < households->Length; ctr++)
      Console::WriteLine("Household {0} has cell phone service: {1}",
                         ctr + 1,
                         (households[ctr] & PhoneService::Cell) == PhoneService::Cell ?
                            "Yes" : "No");
   Console::WriteLine();

   // Which households have cell phones and land lines?
   PhoneService cellAndLand = PhoneService::Cell | PhoneService::LandLine;
   for (int ctr = 0; ctr < households->Length; ctr++)
      Console::WriteLine("Household {0} has cell and land line service: {1}",
                         ctr + 1,
                         (households[ctr] & cellAndLand) == cellAndLand ?
                            "Yes" : "No");
   Console::WriteLine();

   // List all types of service of each household?//
   for (int ctr = 0; ctr < households->Length; ctr++)
      Console::WriteLine("Household {0} has: {1:G}",
                         ctr + 1, households[ctr]);
   Console::WriteLine();
}
// The example displays the following output:
//    Household 1 has phone service: Yes
//    Household 2 has phone service: No
//    Household 3 has phone service: Yes
//
//    Household 1 has cell phone service: Yes
//    Household 2 has cell phone service: No
//    Household 3 has cell phone service: Yes
//
//    Household 1 has cell and land line service: Yes
//    Household 2 has cell and land line service: No
//    Household 3 has cell and land line service: No
//
//    Household 1 has: LandLine, Cell, Internet
//    Household 2 has: None
//    Household 3 has: Cell, Internet

using System;

[Flags]
public enum PhoneService
{
   None = 0,
   LandLine = 1,
   Cell = 2,
   Fax = 4,
   Internet = 8,
   Other = 16
}

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      // Define three variables representing the types of phone service
      // in three households.
      var household1 = PhoneService.LandLine | PhoneService.Cell |
                       PhoneService.Internet;
      var household2 = PhoneService.None;
      var household3 = PhoneService.Cell | PhoneService.Internet;

      // Store the variables in an array for ease of access.
      PhoneService[] households = { household1, household2, household3 };

      // Which households have no service?
      for (int ctr = 0; ctr < households.Length; ctr++)
         Console.WriteLine("Household {0} has phone service: {1}",
                           ctr + 1,
                           households[ctr] == PhoneService.None ?
                               "No" : "Yes");
      Console.WriteLine();

      // Which households have cell phone service?
      for (int ctr = 0; ctr < households.Length; ctr++)
         Console.WriteLine("Household {0} has cell phone service: {1}",
                           ctr + 1,
                           (households[ctr] & PhoneService.Cell) == PhoneService.Cell ?
                              "Yes" : "No");
      Console.WriteLine();

      // Which households have cell phones and land lines?
      var cellAndLand = PhoneService.Cell | PhoneService.LandLine;
      for (int ctr = 0; ctr < households.Length; ctr++)
         Console.WriteLine("Household {0} has cell and land line service: {1}",
                           ctr + 1,
                           (households[ctr] & cellAndLand) == cellAndLand ?
                              "Yes" : "No");
      Console.WriteLine();

      // List all types of service of each household?//
      for (int ctr = 0; ctr < households.Length; ctr++)
         Console.WriteLine("Household {0} has: {1:G}",
                           ctr + 1, households[ctr]);
      Console.WriteLine();
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//    Household 1 has phone service: Yes
//    Household 2 has phone service: No
//    Household 3 has phone service: Yes
//
//    Household 1 has cell phone service: Yes
//    Household 2 has cell phone service: No
//    Household 3 has cell phone service: Yes
//
//    Household 1 has cell and land line service: Yes
//    Household 2 has cell and land line service: No
//    Household 3 has cell and land line service: No
//
//    Household 1 has: LandLine, Cell, Internet
//    Household 2 has: None
//    Household 3 has: Cell, Internet

open System

[<Flags>]
type PhoneService =
    | None = 0
    | LandLine = 1
    | Cell = 2
    | Fax = 4
    | Internet = 8
    | Other = 16

// Define three variables representing the types of phone service
// in three households.
let household1 = 
    PhoneService.LandLine ||| PhoneService.Cell ||| PhoneService.Internet

let household2 = 
    PhoneService.None

let household3 = 
    PhoneService.Cell ||| PhoneService.Internet

// Store the variables in a list for ease of access.
let households =
    [ household1; household2; household3 ]

// Which households have no service?
for i = 0 to households.Length - 1 do
    printfn $"""Household {i + 1} has phone service: {if households[i] = PhoneService.None then "No" else "Yes"}"""
printfn ""

// Which households have cell phone service?
for i = 0 to households.Length - 1 do
    printfn $"""Household {i + 1} has cell phone service: {if households[i] &&& PhoneService.Cell = PhoneService.Cell then "Yes" else "No"}"""
printfn ""

// Which households have cell phones and land lines?
let cellAndLand = 
    PhoneService.Cell ||| PhoneService.LandLine

for i = 0 to households.Length - 1 do
    printfn $"""Household {i + 1} has cell and land line service: {if households[i] &&& cellAndLand = cellAndLand then "Yes" else "No"}"""
printfn ""

// List all types of service of each household?//
for i = 0 to households.Length - 1 do
    printfn $"Household {i + 1} has: {households[i]:G}"

// The example displays the following output:
//    Household 1 has phone service: Yes
//    Household 2 has phone service: No
//    Household 3 has phone service: Yes
//
//    Household 1 has cell phone service: Yes
//    Household 2 has cell phone service: No
//    Household 3 has cell phone service: Yes
//
//    Household 1 has cell and land line service: Yes
//    Household 2 has cell and land line service: No
//    Household 3 has cell and land line service: No
//
//    Household 1 has: LandLine, Cell, Internet
//    Household 2 has: None
//    Household 3 has: Cell, Internet

<Flags()>
Public Enum PhoneService As Integer
   None = 0
   LandLine = 1
   Cell = 2
   Fax = 4
   Internet = 8
   Other = 16
End Enum

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      ' Define three variables representing the types of phone service
      ' in three households.
      Dim household1 As PhoneService = PhoneService.LandLine Or
                                       PhoneService.Cell Or
                                       PhoneService.Internet
      Dim household2 As PhoneService = PhoneService.None
      Dim household3 As PhoneService = PhoneService.Cell Or
                                       PhoneService.Internet

      ' Store the variables in an array for ease of access.
      Dim households() As PhoneService = { household1, household2,
                                           household3 }

      ' Which households have no service?
      For ctr As Integer = 0 To households.Length - 1
         Console.WriteLine("Household {0} has phone service: {1}",
                           ctr + 1,
                           If(households(ctr) = PhoneService.None,
                              "No", "Yes"))
      Next
      Console.WriteLine()
      
      ' Which households have cell phone service?
      For ctr As Integer = 0 To households.Length - 1
         Console.WriteLine("Household {0} has cell phone service: {1}",
                           ctr + 1,
                           If((households(ctr) And PhoneService.Cell) = PhoneService.Cell,
                              "Yes", "No"))
      Next
      Console.WriteLine()
      
      ' Which households have cell phones and land lines?
      Dim cellAndLand As PhoneService = PhoneService.Cell Or PhoneService.LandLine
      For ctr As Integer = 0 To households.Length - 1
         Console.WriteLine("Household {0} has cell and land line service: {1}",
                           ctr + 1,
                           If((households(ctr) And cellAndLand) = cellAndLand,
                              "Yes", "No"))
      Next
      Console.WriteLine()
      
      ' List all types of service of each household?'
      For ctr As Integer = 0 To households.Length - 1
         Console.WriteLine("Household {0} has: {1:G}",
                           ctr + 1, households(ctr))
      Next
      Console.WriteLine()
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
'    Household 1 has phone service: Yes
'    Household 2 has phone service: No
'    Household 3 has phone service: Yes
'
'    Household 1 has cell phone service: Yes
'    Household 2 has cell phone service: No
'    Household 3 has cell phone service: Yes
'
'    Household 1 has cell and land line service: Yes
'    Household 2 has cell and land line service: No
'    Household 3 has cell and land line service: No
'
'    Household 1 has: LandLine, Cell, Internet
'    Household 2 has: None
'    Household 3 has: Cell, Internet

注解

位字段通常用于可能组合出现的元素列表，而枚举常量通常用于互斥元素的列表。因此，位字段设计为与按位 OR 操作组合以生成未命名值，而枚举常量则不是。与枚举常量相比，语言在位字段的用法上有所不同。

FlagsAttribute 的属性

AttributeUsageAttribute 应用于此类，其 Inherited 属性指定 false。此属性只能应用于枚举。

FlagsAttribute 和枚举指南

FlagsAttribute仅当对数值执行 (AND、OR、EXCLUSIVE OR) 的按位运算时，才对枚举使用自定义属性。
以 2 的幂定义枚举常量，即 1、2、4、8 等。这意味着组合枚举常量中的单个标志不重叠。
请考虑为常用标志组合创建枚举常量。例如，如果有一个枚举用于包含枚举常量 Read = 1 的文件 I/O 操作，Write = 2请考虑创建枚举常量 ReadWrite = Read OR Write，它将和 Write 标志组合Read在一起。此外，在某些情况下，用于合并标志的按位 OR 操作可能被视为一个高级概念，而对于简单任务来说，这不应是必需的。
如果将负数定义为标志枚举常量，请小心，因为许多标志位置可能设置为 1，这可能会使代码混淆并引发编码错误。
测试是否在数值中设置标志的一种便捷方法是在数值和标志枚举常量之间执行按位 AND 运算，这将数值中的所有位设置为与标志不相对应的零，然后测试该操作的结果是否等于标志枚举常量。
使用 None 作为值为零的标志枚举常量的名称。不能在 None 按位 AND 操作中使用枚举常量来测试标志，因为结果始终为零。但是，可以在数值和 None 枚举常量之间执行逻辑（而不是按位）比较，以确定是否设置了数值中的任何位。

如果创建值枚举而不是标志枚举，仍值得创建 None 枚举常量。原因是公共语言运行时默认将用于枚举的内存初始化为零。因此，如果未定义值为零的常量，则枚举在创建时将包含非法值。

如果应用程序需要表示明显的默认情况，请考虑使用值为零的枚举常量来表示默认值。如果没有默认情况，请考虑使用值为零的枚举常量，表示不由任何其他枚举常量表示的事例。
不要仅为了镜像枚举本身的状态而定义枚举值。例如，不要定义仅标记枚举末尾的枚举常量。如果需要确定枚举的最后一个值，请显式检查该值。此外，如果范围内的所有值都有效，则可以对第一个和最后一个枚举常量执行范围检查。
不要指定保留供将来使用的枚举常量。
定义采用枚举常量作为值的方法或属性时，请考虑验证值。原因是，即使枚举中未定义数值，也可以将数值强制转换为枚举类型。

构造函数

FlagsAttribute()

初始化 FlagsAttribute 类的新实例。

属性

TypeId

在派生类中实现时，获取此 Attribute 的唯一标识符。

(继承自 Attribute)

方法

Equals(Object)	返回一个值，该值指示此实例是否与指定的对象相等。 (继承自 Attribute)
GetHashCode()	返回此实例的哈希代码。 (继承自 Attribute)
GetType()	获取当前实例的 Type。 (继承自 Object)
IsDefaultAttribute()	在派生类中重写时，指示此实例的值是否是派生类的默认值。 (继承自 Attribute)
Match(Object)	当在派生类中重写时，返回一个指示此实例是否等于指定对象的值。 (继承自 Attribute)
MemberwiseClone()	创建当前 Object 的浅表副本。 (继承自 Object)
ToString()	返回表示当前对象的字符串。 (继承自 Object)

显式接口实现

_Attribute.GetIDsOfNames(Guid, IntPtr, UInt32, UInt32, IntPtr)	将一组名称映射为对应的一组调度标识符。 (继承自 Attribute)
_Attribute.GetTypeInfo(UInt32, UInt32, IntPtr)	检索对象的类型信息，然后可以使用该信息获取接口的类型信息。 (继承自 Attribute)
_Attribute.GetTypeInfoCount(UInt32)	检索对象提供的类型信息接口的数量（0 或 1）。 (继承自 Attribute)
_Attribute.Invoke(UInt32, Guid, UInt32, Int16, IntPtr, IntPtr, IntPtr, IntPtr)	提供对某一对象公开的属性和方法的访问。 (继承自 Attribute)

适用于

FlagsAttribute 类

定义

示例

注解

FlagsAttribute 的属性

FlagsAttribute 和枚举指南

构造函数

属性

方法

显式接口实现

适用于

其他资源