Func<T,TResult> 委托

定义

封装一个方法,该方法具有一个参数,且返回由 TResult 参数指定的类型的值。

generic <typename T, typename TResult>
public delegate TResult Func(T arg);
public delegate TResult Func<in T,out TResult>(T arg);
public delegate TResult Func<T,TResult>(T arg);
type Func<'T, 'Result> = delegate of 'T -> 'Result
Public Delegate Function Func(Of In T, Out TResult)(arg As T) As TResult 
Public Delegate Function Func(Of T, TResult)(arg As T) As TResult 

类型参数

T

此委托封装的方法的参数类型。

这是逆变类型参数。 即,可以使用指定的类型,也可以使用派生程度较低的任何类型。 有关协变和逆变的详细信息,请参阅泛型中的协变和逆变
TResult

此委托封装的方法的返回值类型。

这是协变类型参数。 即,可以使用指定的类型,也可以使用派生程度较高的任何类型。 有关协变和逆变的详细信息,请参阅泛型中的协变和逆变

参数

arg
T

此委托封装的方法的参数。

返回值

TResult

此委托封装的方法的返回值。

示例

下面的示例演示如何声明和使用 Func<T,TResult> 委托。 此示例声明一个 Func<T,TResult> 变量,并为其分配一个 lambda 表达式,该表达式将字符串中的字符转换为大写。 然后将封装此方法的委托传递给 Enumerable.Select 方法,以将字符串数组中的字符串更改为大写。

// Declare a Func variable and assign a lambda expression to the
// variable. The method takes a string and converts it to uppercase.
Func<string, string> selector = str => str.ToUpper();

// Create an array of strings.
string[] words = { "orange", "apple", "Article", "elephant" };
// Query the array and select strings according to the selector method.
IEnumerable<String> aWords = words.Select(selector);

// Output the results to the console.
foreach (String word in aWords)
    Console.WriteLine(word);

/*
This code example produces the following output:

ORANGE
APPLE
ARTICLE
ELEPHANT

*/
open System
open System.Linq

// Declare a Func variable and assign a lambda expression to the
// variable. The function takes a string and converts it to uppercase.
let selector = Func<string, string>(fun str -> str.ToUpper())

// Create a list of strings.
let words = [ "orange"; "apple"; "Article"; "elephant" ]

// Query the list and select strings according to the selector function.
let aWords = words.Select selector

// Output the results to the console.
for word in aWords do
    printfn $"{word}"

// This code example produces the following output:
//     ORANGE
//     APPLE
//     ARTICLE
//     ELEPHANT
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Linq

Module Func
   Public Sub Main()
      ' Declare a Func variable and assign a lambda expression to the  
      ' variable. The method takes a string and converts it to uppercase.
      Dim selector As Func(Of String, String) = Function(str) str.ToUpper()
   
      ' Create an array of strings.
      Dim words() As String = { "orange", "apple", "Article", "elephant" }
      ' Query the array and select strings according to the selector method.
      Dim aWords As IEnumerable(Of String) = words.Select(selector)
   
      ' Output the results to the console.
      For Each word As String In aWords
         Console.WriteLine(word)
      Next
   End Sub
End Module
' This code example produces the following output:
'           
'   ORANGE
'   APPLE
'   ARTICLE
'   ELEPHANT
// Declare a delegate
delegate String ^ MyDel(String ^);

// Create wrapper class and function that takes in a string and converts it to uppercase
ref class DelegateWrapper {
public:
    String ^ ToUpper(String ^ s) {
        return s->ToUpper();
    }
};

int main() {
    // Declare delegate
    DelegateWrapper ^ delegateWrapper = gcnew DelegateWrapper;
    MyDel ^ DelInst = gcnew MyDel(delegateWrapper, &DelegateWrapper::ToUpper);

    // Cast into Func
    Func<String ^, String ^> ^ selector = reinterpret_cast<Func<String ^, String ^> ^>(DelInst);

    // Create an array of strings
    array<String ^> ^ words = { "orange", "apple", "Article", "elephant" };

    // Query the array and select strings according to the selector method
    Generic::IEnumerable<String ^> ^ aWords = Enumerable::Select((Generic::IEnumerable<String^>^)words, selector);

    // Output the results to the console
    for each(String ^ word in aWords)
        Console::WriteLine(word);
    /*
    This code example produces the following output:

    ORANGE
    APPLE
    ARTICLE
    ELEPHANT
    */
}

注解

您可以使用此委托来表示一个方法,该方法可作为参数传递,而无需显式声明自定义委托。 封装的方法必须对应于由此委托定义的方法签名。 这意味着,封装的方法必须具有一个通过值传递给它的参数,并且必须返回一个值。

备注

若要引用一个方法,该方法具有一个参数并返回 void (或 Visual Basic 中声明为 Sub 而不是) 的方法 Function ,请改用泛型 Action<T> 委托。

使用 Func<T,TResult> 委托时,无需显式定义使用单个参数封装方法的委托。 例如,下面的代码显式声明一个名为的委托 ConvertMethod ,并向 UppercaseString 其委托实例分配对该方法的引用。

using System;

delegate string ConvertMethod(string inString);

public class DelegateExample
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      // Instantiate delegate to reference UppercaseString method
      ConvertMethod convertMeth = UppercaseString;
      string name = "Dakota";
      // Use delegate instance to call UppercaseString method
      Console.WriteLine(convertMeth(name));
   }

   private static string UppercaseString(string inputString)
   {
      return inputString.ToUpper();
   }
}
type ConvertMethod = delegate of string -> string

let uppercaseString (inputString: string) =
    inputString.ToUpper()
    
// Instantiate delegate to reference uppercaseString function
let convertMeth = ConvertMethod uppercaseString
let name = "Dakota"

// Use delegate instance to call uppercaseString function
printfn $"{convertMeth.Invoke name}"
' Declare a delegate to represent string conversion method
Delegate Function ConvertMethod(ByVal inString As String) As String

Module DelegateExample
   Public Sub Main()
      ' Instantiate delegate to reference UppercaseString method
      Dim convertMeth As ConvertMethod = AddressOf UppercaseString
      Dim name As String = "Dakota"
      ' Use delegate instance to call UppercaseString method
      Console.WriteLine(convertMeth(name))
   End Sub

   Private Function UppercaseString(inputString As String) As String
      Return inputString.ToUpper()
   End Function
End Module

下面的示例通过实例化委托来简化此代码 Func<T,TResult> ,而不是显式定义一个新委托并为其分配一个命名方法。

// Instantiate delegate to reference UppercaseString method
Func<string, string> convertMethod = UppercaseString;
string name = "Dakota";
// Use delegate instance to call UppercaseString method
Console.WriteLine(convertMethod(name));

string UppercaseString(string inputString)
{
   return inputString.ToUpper();
}

// This code example produces the following output:
//
//    DAKOTA
open System

let uppercaseString (inputString: string) =
    inputString.ToUpper()

// Instantiate delegate to reference uppercaseString function
let convertMethod = Func<string, string> uppercaseString
let name = "Dakota"

// Use delegate instance to call uppercaseString function
printfn $"{convertMethod.Invoke name}"

// This code example produces the following output:
//    DAKOTA
Module GenericFunc
   Public Sub Main()
      ' Instantiate delegate to reference UppercaseString method
      Dim convertMethod As Func(Of String, String) = AddressOf UppercaseString
      Dim name As String = "Dakota"
      ' Use delegate instance to call UppercaseString method
      Console.WriteLine(convertMethod(name))
   End Sub

   Private Function UppercaseString(inputString As String) As String
      Return inputString.ToUpper()
   End Function
End Module

你还可以 Func<T,TResult> 在 c # 中将委托与匿名方法一起使用,如下面的示例所示。 (匿名方法的介绍,请参阅 匿名方法。 )

 Func<string, string> convert = delegate(string s)
    { return s.ToUpper();};

 string name = "Dakota";
 Console.WriteLine(convert(name));

// This code example produces the following output:
//
//    DAKOTA

你还可以将 lambda 表达式分配给 Func<T,TResult> 委托,如下面的示例所示。 (获取 lambda 表达式的简介,请参阅lambda 表达式 (VB) lambda 表达式 (c # ) 和lambda 表达式 (F # ) 。 )

Func<string, string> convert = s => s.ToUpper();

string name = "Dakota";
Console.WriteLine(convert(name));

// This code example produces the following output:
//
//    DAKOTA
open System

let convert = Func<string, string>(fun s -> s.ToUpper())

let name = "Dakota"
printfn $"{convert.Invoke name}"

// This code example produces the following output:
//    DAKOTA
Module LambdaExpression
   Public Sub Main()
      Dim convert As Func(Of String, String) = Function(s) s.ToUpper()
      
      Dim name As String = "Dakota"
      Console.WriteLine(convert(name))  
   End Sub
End Module

Lambda 表达式的基础类型是一个泛型 Func 委托。 这样,便可以将 lambda 表达式作为参数传递,而无需将其显式分配给委托。 具体而言,因为命名空间中的许多类型的方法 System.Linq 都有 Func<T,TResult> 参数,所以可以将这些方法传递给 lambda 表达式,而无需显式实例化 Func<T,TResult> 委托。

扩展方法

GetMethodInfo(Delegate)

获取指示指定委托表示的方法的对象。

适用于

另请参阅