Func<T,TResult> 委托
定义
重要
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封装一个方法,该方法具有一个参数,且返回由 TResult
参数指定的类型的值。
generic <typename T, typename TResult>
public delegate TResult Func(T arg);
public delegate TResult Func<in T,out TResult>(T arg);
public delegate TResult Func<T,TResult>(T arg);
type Func<'T, 'Result> = delegate of 'T -> 'Result
Public Delegate Function Func(Of In T, Out TResult)(arg As T) As TResult
Public Delegate Function Func(Of T, TResult)(arg As T) As TResult
类型参数
参数
- arg
- T
此委托封装的方法的参数。
返回值
- TResult
此委托封装的方法的返回值。
示例
下面的示例演示如何声明和使用 Func<T,TResult> 委托。 此示例声明一个 Func<T,TResult> 变量,并为其分配一个 lambda 表达式,该表达式将字符串中的字符转换为大写。 然后将封装此方法的委托传递给 Enumerable.Select 方法,以将字符串数组中的字符串更改为大写。
// Declare a Func variable and assign a lambda expression to the
// variable. The method takes a string and converts it to uppercase.
Func<string, string> selector = str => str.ToUpper();
// Create an array of strings.
string[] words = { "orange", "apple", "Article", "elephant" };
// Query the array and select strings according to the selector method.
IEnumerable<String> aWords = words.Select(selector);
// Output the results to the console.
foreach (String word in aWords)
Console.WriteLine(word);
/*
This code example produces the following output:
ORANGE
APPLE
ARTICLE
ELEPHANT
*/
open System
open System.Linq
// Declare a Func variable and assign a lambda expression to the
// variable. The function takes a string and converts it to uppercase.
let selector = Func<string, string>(fun str -> str.ToUpper())
// Create a list of strings.
let words = [ "orange"; "apple"; "Article"; "elephant" ]
// Query the list and select strings according to the selector function.
let aWords = words.Select selector
// Output the results to the console.
for word in aWords do
printfn $"{word}"
// This code example produces the following output:
// ORANGE
// APPLE
// ARTICLE
// ELEPHANT
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Linq
Module Func
Public Sub Main()
' Declare a Func variable and assign a lambda expression to the
' variable. The method takes a string and converts it to uppercase.
Dim selector As Func(Of String, String) = Function(str) str.ToUpper()
' Create an array of strings.
Dim words() As String = { "orange", "apple", "Article", "elephant" }
' Query the array and select strings according to the selector method.
Dim aWords As IEnumerable(Of String) = words.Select(selector)
' Output the results to the console.
For Each word As String In aWords
Console.WriteLine(word)
Next
End Sub
End Module
' This code example produces the following output:
'
' ORANGE
' APPLE
' ARTICLE
' ELEPHANT
// Declare a delegate
delegate String ^ MyDel(String ^);
// Create wrapper class and function that takes in a string and converts it to uppercase
ref class DelegateWrapper {
public:
String ^ ToUpper(String ^ s) {
return s->ToUpper();
}
};
int main() {
// Declare delegate
DelegateWrapper ^ delegateWrapper = gcnew DelegateWrapper;
MyDel ^ DelInst = gcnew MyDel(delegateWrapper, &DelegateWrapper::ToUpper);
// Cast into Func
Func<String ^, String ^> ^ selector = reinterpret_cast<Func<String ^, String ^> ^>(DelInst);
// Create an array of strings
array<String ^> ^ words = { "orange", "apple", "Article", "elephant" };
// Query the array and select strings according to the selector method
Generic::IEnumerable<String ^> ^ aWords = Enumerable::Select((Generic::IEnumerable<String^>^)words, selector);
// Output the results to the console
for each(String ^ word in aWords)
Console::WriteLine(word);
/*
This code example produces the following output:
ORANGE
APPLE
ARTICLE
ELEPHANT
*/
}
注解
您可以使用此委托来表示一个方法,该方法可作为参数传递,而无需显式声明自定义委托。 封装的方法必须对应于由此委托定义的方法签名。 这意味着,封装的方法必须具有一个通过值传递给它的参数,并且必须返回一个值。
备注
若要引用一个方法,该方法具有一个参数并返回 void
(或 Visual Basic 中声明为 Sub
而不是) 的方法 Function
,请改用泛型 Action<T> 委托。
使用 Func<T,TResult> 委托时,无需显式定义使用单个参数封装方法的委托。 例如,下面的代码显式声明一个名为的委托 ConvertMethod
,并向 UppercaseString
其委托实例分配对该方法的引用。
using System;
delegate string ConvertMethod(string inString);
public class DelegateExample
{
public static void Main()
{
// Instantiate delegate to reference UppercaseString method
ConvertMethod convertMeth = UppercaseString;
string name = "Dakota";
// Use delegate instance to call UppercaseString method
Console.WriteLine(convertMeth(name));
}
private static string UppercaseString(string inputString)
{
return inputString.ToUpper();
}
}
type ConvertMethod = delegate of string -> string
let uppercaseString (inputString: string) =
inputString.ToUpper()
// Instantiate delegate to reference uppercaseString function
let convertMeth = ConvertMethod uppercaseString
let name = "Dakota"
// Use delegate instance to call uppercaseString function
printfn $"{convertMeth.Invoke name}"
' Declare a delegate to represent string conversion method
Delegate Function ConvertMethod(ByVal inString As String) As String
Module DelegateExample
Public Sub Main()
' Instantiate delegate to reference UppercaseString method
Dim convertMeth As ConvertMethod = AddressOf UppercaseString
Dim name As String = "Dakota"
' Use delegate instance to call UppercaseString method
Console.WriteLine(convertMeth(name))
End Sub
Private Function UppercaseString(inputString As String) As String
Return inputString.ToUpper()
End Function
End Module
下面的示例通过实例化委托来简化此代码 Func<T,TResult> ,而不是显式定义一个新委托并为其分配一个命名方法。
// Instantiate delegate to reference UppercaseString method
Func<string, string> convertMethod = UppercaseString;
string name = "Dakota";
// Use delegate instance to call UppercaseString method
Console.WriteLine(convertMethod(name));
string UppercaseString(string inputString)
{
return inputString.ToUpper();
}
// This code example produces the following output:
//
// DAKOTA
open System
let uppercaseString (inputString: string) =
inputString.ToUpper()
// Instantiate delegate to reference uppercaseString function
let convertMethod = Func<string, string> uppercaseString
let name = "Dakota"
// Use delegate instance to call uppercaseString function
printfn $"{convertMethod.Invoke name}"
// This code example produces the following output:
// DAKOTA
Module GenericFunc
Public Sub Main()
' Instantiate delegate to reference UppercaseString method
Dim convertMethod As Func(Of String, String) = AddressOf UppercaseString
Dim name As String = "Dakota"
' Use delegate instance to call UppercaseString method
Console.WriteLine(convertMethod(name))
End Sub
Private Function UppercaseString(inputString As String) As String
Return inputString.ToUpper()
End Function
End Module
你还可以 Func<T,TResult> 在 c # 中将委托与匿名方法一起使用,如下面的示例所示。 (匿名方法的介绍,请参阅 匿名方法。 )
Func<string, string> convert = delegate(string s)
{ return s.ToUpper();};
string name = "Dakota";
Console.WriteLine(convert(name));
// This code example produces the following output:
//
// DAKOTA
你还可以将 lambda 表达式分配给 Func<T,TResult> 委托,如下面的示例所示。 (获取 lambda 表达式的简介,请参阅lambda 表达式 (VB) 、 lambda 表达式 (c # ) 和lambda 表达式 (F # ) 。 )
Func<string, string> convert = s => s.ToUpper();
string name = "Dakota";
Console.WriteLine(convert(name));
// This code example produces the following output:
//
// DAKOTA
open System
let convert = Func<string, string>(fun s -> s.ToUpper())
let name = "Dakota"
printfn $"{convert.Invoke name}"
// This code example produces the following output:
// DAKOTA
Module LambdaExpression
Public Sub Main()
Dim convert As Func(Of String, String) = Function(s) s.ToUpper()
Dim name As String = "Dakota"
Console.WriteLine(convert(name))
End Sub
End Module
Lambda 表达式的基础类型是一个泛型 Func
委托。 这样,便可以将 lambda 表达式作为参数传递,而无需将其显式分配给委托。 具体而言,因为命名空间中的许多类型的方法 System.Linq 都有 Func<T,TResult> 参数,所以可以将这些方法传递给 lambda 表达式,而无需显式实例化 Func<T,TResult> 委托。
扩展方法
GetMethodInfo(Delegate) |
获取指示指定委托表示的方法的对象。 |