IComparable.CompareTo(Object) 方法

参考

定义

命名空间:: System

程序集:: mscorlib.dll, System.Runtime.dll

程序集:: netstandard.dll, System.Runtime.dll

程序集:: System.Runtime.dll

程序集:: mscorlib.dll

程序集:: netstandard.dll

重要

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将当前实例与同一类型的另一个对象进行比较，并返回一个整数，该整数指示当前实例在排序顺序中是否与另一个对象位于同一位置。

public:
 int CompareTo(System::Object ^ obj);

public int CompareTo(object obj);

public int CompareTo(object? obj);

abstract member CompareTo : obj -> int

Public Function CompareTo (obj As Object) As Integer

参数

obj: Object

要与此实例进行比较的对象。

Int32

一个值，该值指示所比较对象的相对顺序。返回值具有以下含义：

价值	意义
小于零	此实例在排序顺序 `obj` 之前。
零	此实例的排序顺序与 `obj`相同。
大于零	此实例按排序顺序遵循 `obj`。

例外

ArgumentException

obj 的类型与此实例不同。

示例

下面的示例演示如何使用 CompareTo 将实现 IComparable 的 Temperature 对象与其他对象进行比较。 Temperature 对象只需包装对 Int32.CompareTo 方法的调用即可实现 CompareTo。

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections;

public ref class Temperature: public IComparable {
   /// <summary>
   /// IComparable.CompareTo implementation.
   /// </summary>
protected:
   // The value holder
   Double m_value;

public:
   virtual Int32 CompareTo( Object^ obj ) {
   
      if (obj == nullptr) return 1;
      
      if ( obj->GetType() == Temperature::typeid ) {
         Temperature^ temp = dynamic_cast<Temperature^>(obj);

         return m_value.CompareTo( temp->m_value );
      }
      throw gcnew ArgumentException(  "object is not a Temperature" );
   }

   property Double Value {
      Double get() {
         return m_value;
      }
      void set( Double value ) {
         m_value = value;
      }
   }

   property Double Celsius  {
      Double get() {
         return (m_value - 32) / 1.8;
      }
      void set( Double value ) {
         m_value = (value * 1.8) + 32;
      }
   }
};

int main()
{
   ArrayList^ temperatures = gcnew ArrayList;
   // Initialize random number generator.
   Random^ rnd = gcnew Random;

   // Generate 10 temperatures between 0 and 100 randomly.
   for (int ctr = 1; ctr <= 10; ctr++)
   {
      int degrees = rnd->Next(0, 100);
      Temperature^ temp = gcnew Temperature;
      temp->Value = degrees;
      temperatures->Add(temp);
   }

   // Sort ArrayList.
   temperatures->Sort();
      
   for each (Temperature^ temp in temperatures)
      Console::WriteLine(temp->Value);
   return 0;
}
// The example displays the following output to the console (individual
// values may vary because they are randomly generated):
//       2
//       7
//       16
//       17
//       31
//       37
//       58
//       66
//       72
//       95

using System;
using System.Collections;

public class Temperature : IComparable
{
    // The temperature value
    protected double temperatureF;

    public int CompareTo(object obj) {
        if (obj == null) return 1;

        Temperature otherTemperature = obj as Temperature;
        if (otherTemperature != null)
            return this.temperatureF.CompareTo(otherTemperature.temperatureF);
        else
           throw new ArgumentException("Object is not a Temperature");
    }

    public double Fahrenheit
    {
        get
        {
            return this.temperatureF;
        }
        set 
        {
            this.temperatureF = value;
        }
    }

    public double Celsius
    {
        get
        {
            return (this.temperatureF - 32) * (5.0/9);
        }
        set
        {
            this.temperatureF = (value * 9.0/5) + 32;
        }
    }
}

public class CompareTemperatures
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      ArrayList temperatures = new ArrayList();
      // Initialize random number generator.
      Random rnd = new Random();

      // Generate 10 temperatures between 0 and 100 randomly.
      for (int ctr = 1; ctr <= 10; ctr++)
      {
         int degrees = rnd.Next(0, 100);
         Temperature temp = new Temperature();
         temp.Fahrenheit = degrees;
         temperatures.Add(temp);
      }

      // Sort ArrayList.
      temperatures.Sort();

      foreach (Temperature temp in temperatures)
         Console.WriteLine(temp.Fahrenheit);
   }
}
// The example displays the following output to the console (individual
// values may vary because they are randomly generated):
//       2
//       7
//       16
//       17
//       31
//       37
//       58
//       66
//       72
//       95

open System
open System.Collections

type Temperature() =
    // The temperature value
    let mutable temperatureF = 0.

    interface IComparable with
        member _.CompareTo(obj) =
            match obj with 
            | null -> 1
            | :? Temperature as other -> 
                temperatureF.CompareTo other.Fahrenheit
            | _ ->
                invalidArg (nameof obj) "Object is not a Temperature"

    member _.Fahrenheit 
        with get () =
            temperatureF
        and set (value) = 
            temperatureF <- value

    member _.Celsius
        with get () =
            (temperatureF - 32.) * (5. / 9.)
        and set (value) =
            temperatureF <- (value * 9. / 5.) + 32.

let temperatures = ResizeArray()

// Initialize random number generator.
let rnd = Random()

// Generate 10 temperatures between 0 and 100 randomly.
for _ = 1 to 10 do
    let degrees = rnd.Next(0, 100)
    let temp = Temperature(Fahrenheit=degrees)
    temperatures.Add temp

// Sort ResizeArray.
temperatures.Sort()

for temp in temperatures do
    printfn $"{temp.Fahrenheit}"

// The example displays the following output to the console (individual
// values may vary because they are randomly generated):
//       2
//       7
//       16
//       17
//       31
//       37
//       58
//       66
//       72
//       95

Imports System.Collections

Public Class Temperature
    Implements IComparable
    ' The temperature value
    Protected temperatureF As Double

    Public Overloads Function CompareTo(ByVal obj As Object) As Integer _
        Implements IComparable.CompareTo
        
        If obj Is Nothing Then Return 1

        Dim otherTemperature As Temperature = TryCast(obj, Temperature)
        If otherTemperature IsNot Nothing Then
            Return Me.temperatureF.CompareTo(otherTemperature.temperatureF)
        Else
           Throw New ArgumentException("Object is not a Temperature")
        End If   
    End Function

    Public Property Fahrenheit() As Double
        Get
            Return temperatureF
        End Get
        Set(ByVal Value As Double)
            Me.temperatureF = Value
        End Set
    End Property

    Public Property Celsius() As Double
        Get
            Return (temperatureF - 32) * (5/9)
        End Get
        Set(ByVal Value As Double)
            Me.temperatureF = (Value * 9/5) + 32
        End Set
    End Property
End Class

Public Module CompareTemperatures
   Public Sub Main()
      Dim temperatures As New ArrayList
      ' Initialize random number generator.
      Dim rnd As New Random()
      
      ' Generate 10 temperatures between 0 and 100 randomly.
      For ctr As Integer = 1 To 10
         Dim degrees As Integer = rnd.Next(0, 100)
         Dim temp As New Temperature
         temp.Fahrenheit = degrees
         temperatures.Add(temp)   
      Next

      ' Sort ArrayList.
      temperatures.Sort()
      
      For Each temp As Temperature In temperatures
         Console.WriteLine(temp.Fahrenheit)
      Next      
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output to the console (individual
' values may vary because they are randomly generated):
'       2
'       7
'       16
'       17
'       31
'       37
'       58
'       66
'       72
'       95

注解

CompareTo 方法由可以排序或排序其值的类型实现。它由非泛型集合对象（如 Array.Sort）的方法自动调用，以便对数组的每个成员进行排序。如果自定义类或结构未实现 IComparable，则无法对成员进行排序，排序操作可以引发 InvalidOperationException。

此方法只是一个定义，必须由特定的类或值类型实现才能生效。返回值节中指定的比较的含义（“前面”、“发生于同一位置”和“follows”）取决于特定实现。

根据定义，任何对象都会比较大于（或关注）null，两个 null 引用相互比较相等。

参数 obj必须与实现此接口的类或值类型相同;否则，将引发 ArgumentException。

实施者说明

对于对象 A、B 和 C，必须执行以下操作：

A.CompareTo(A) 必须返回零。

如果 A.CompareTo(B) 返回零，则 B.CompareTo(A) 必须返回零。

如果 A.CompareTo(B) 返回零并且 B.CompareTo(C) 返回零，则 A.CompareTo(C) 必须返回零。

如果 A.CompareTo(B) 返回除零以外的值，则 B.CompareTo(A) 必须返回相反符号的值。

如果 A.CompareTo(B) 返回值“x”不等于零，并且 B.CompareTo(C) 返回与“x”相同的符号的值“y”，则 A.CompareTo(C) 必须返回与“x”和“y”相同的符号的值。

调用方说明

使用 CompareTo(Object) 方法确定类实例的排序。

适用于

产品	版本
.NET	Core 1.0, Core 1.1, Core 2.0, Core 2.1, Core 2.2, Core 3.0, Core 3.1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
.NET Framework	1.1, 2.0, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 4.5.1, 4.5.2, 4.6, 4.6.1, 4.6.2, 4.7, 4.7.1, 4.7.2, 4.8, 4.8.1
.NET Standard	1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 2.0, 2.1
UWP	10.0

另请参阅

Object

通过

IComparable.CompareTo(Object) 方法

定义

参数

返回

例外

示例

注解

实施者说明

调用方说明

适用于

另请参阅

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