Queryable.Single 方法
定义
重要
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返回序列中的单个特定元素。
重载
Single<TSource>(IQueryable<TSource>) |
返回序列的唯一元素;如果该序列并非恰好包含一个元素,则会引发异常。 |
Single<TSource>(IQueryable<TSource>, Expression<Func<TSource,Boolean>>) |
返回序列中满足指定条件的唯一元素;如果有多个这样的元素存在,则会引发异常。 |
Single<TSource>(IQueryable<TSource>)
- Source:
- Queryable.cs
- Source:
- Queryable.cs
- Source:
- Queryable.cs
返回序列的唯一元素;如果该序列并非恰好包含一个元素,则会引发异常。
public:
generic <typename TSource>
[System::Runtime::CompilerServices::Extension]
static TSource Single(System::Linq::IQueryable<TSource> ^ source);
public static TSource Single<TSource> (this System.Linq.IQueryable<TSource> source);
static member Single : System.Linq.IQueryable<'Source> -> 'Source
<Extension()>
Public Function Single(Of TSource) (source As IQueryable(Of TSource)) As TSource
类型参数
- TSource
source
的元素类型。
参数
- source
- IQueryable<TSource>
要返回其单个元素的 IQueryable<T>。
返回
输入序列的单个元素。
例外
source
为 null
。
示例
下面的代码示例演示如何使用 Single<TSource>(IQueryable<TSource>) 选择数组的唯一元素。
// Create two arrays.
string[] fruits1 = { "orange" };
string[] fruits2 = { "orange", "apple" };
// Get the only item in the first array.
string fruit1 = fruits1.AsQueryable().Single();
Console.WriteLine("First query: " + fruit1);
try
{
// Try to get the only item in the second array.
string fruit2 = fruits2.AsQueryable().Single();
Console.WriteLine("Second query: " + fruit2);
}
catch (System.InvalidOperationException)
{
Console.WriteLine(
"Second query: The collection does not contain exactly one element."
);
}
/*
This code produces the following output:
First query: orange
Second query: The collection does not contain exactly one element
*/
' Create two arrays.
Dim fruits1() As String = {"orange"}
Dim fruits2() As String = {"orange", "apple"}
' Get the only item in the first array.
Dim result As String = fruits1.AsQueryable().Single()
' Display the result.
MsgBox("First query: " & result)
Try
' Try to get the only item in the second array.
Dim fruit2 As String = fruits2.AsQueryable().Single()
MsgBox("Second query: " + fruit2)
Catch
MsgBox("Second query: The collection does not contain exactly one element.")
End Try
' This code produces the following output:
' First query: orange
' Second query: The collection does not contain exactly one element.
注解
方法 Single<TSource>(IQueryable<TSource>) 生成一个 , MethodCallExpression 表示将调用 Single<TSource>(IQueryable<TSource>) 自身作为构造的泛型方法。 然后,MethodCallExpressionExecute<TResult>(Expression)它将 传递给 由 Provider 参数的 属性表示的 的 source
方法IQueryProvider。
由于执行表示调用 Single<TSource>(IQueryable<TSource>) 的表达式树而发生的查询行为取决于参数类型的 source
实现。 预期的行为是,它返回 中唯一的 source
元素。
适用于
Single<TSource>(IQueryable<TSource>, Expression<Func<TSource,Boolean>>)
- Source:
- Queryable.cs
- Source:
- Queryable.cs
- Source:
- Queryable.cs
返回序列中满足指定条件的唯一元素;如果有多个这样的元素存在,则会引发异常。
public:
generic <typename TSource>
[System::Runtime::CompilerServices::Extension]
static TSource Single(System::Linq::IQueryable<TSource> ^ source, System::Linq::Expressions::Expression<Func<TSource, bool> ^> ^ predicate);
public static TSource Single<TSource> (this System.Linq.IQueryable<TSource> source, System.Linq.Expressions.Expression<Func<TSource,bool>> predicate);
static member Single : System.Linq.IQueryable<'Source> * System.Linq.Expressions.Expression<Func<'Source, bool>> -> 'Source
<Extension()>
Public Function Single(Of TSource) (source As IQueryable(Of TSource), predicate As Expression(Of Func(Of TSource, Boolean))) As TSource
类型参数
- TSource
source
的元素类型。
参数
- source
- IQueryable<TSource>
要从中返回单个元素的 IQueryable<T>。
- predicate
- Expression<Func<TSource,Boolean>>
用于测试元素是否满足条件的函数。
返回
满足 predicate
中条件的输入序列中的单个元素。
例外
source
或 predicate
为 null
。
示例
下面的代码示例演示如何使用 Single<TSource>(IQueryable<TSource>, Expression<Func<TSource,Boolean>>) 选择满足条件的数组中唯一的元素。
string[] fruits = { "apple", "banana", "mango",
"orange", "passionfruit", "grape" };
// Get the only string in the array whose length is greater than 10.
string fruit1 = fruits.AsQueryable().Single(fruit => fruit.Length > 10);
Console.WriteLine("First Query: " + fruit1);
try
{
// Try to get the only string in the array
// whose length is greater than 15.
string fruit2 = fruits.AsQueryable().Single(fruit => fruit.Length > 15);
Console.WriteLine("Second Query: " + fruit2);
}
catch (System.InvalidOperationException)
{
Console.Write("Second Query: The collection does not contain ");
Console.WriteLine("exactly one element whose length is greater than 15.");
}
/*
This code produces the following output:
First Query: passionfruit
Second Query: The collection does not contain exactly one
element whose length is greater than 15.
*/
Dim fruits() As String = _
{"apple", "banana", "mango", "orange", "passionfruit", "grape"}
' Get the only string in the array whose length is greater than 10.
Dim result As String = _
fruits.AsQueryable().Single(Function(fruit) fruit.Length > 10)
' Display the result.
MsgBox("First Query: " & result)
Try
' Try to get the only string in the array
' whose length is greater than 15.
Dim fruit2 As String = fruits.AsQueryable().Single(Function(fruit) fruit.Length > 15)
MsgBox("Second Query: " + fruit2)
Catch
Dim text As String = "Second Query: The collection does not contain "
text = text & "exactly one element whose length is greater than 15."
MsgBox(text)
End Try
' This code produces the following output:
' First Query: passionfruit
' Second Query: The collection does not contain exactly one
' element whose length is greater than 15.
注解
此方法至少有一个类型的 Expression<TDelegate> 参数,其类型参数是其中一种 Func<T,TResult> 类型。 对于这些参数,可以传入 lambda 表达式,它将编译为 Expression<TDelegate>。
方法 Single<TSource>(IQueryable<TSource>, Expression<Func<TSource,Boolean>>) 生成一个 , MethodCallExpression 表示将调用 Single<TSource>(IQueryable<TSource>, Expression<Func<TSource,Boolean>>) 自身作为构造的泛型方法。 然后,MethodCallExpressionExecute<TResult>(Expression)它将 传递给 由 Provider 参数的 属性表示的 的 source
方法IQueryProvider。
由于执行表示调用 Single<TSource>(IQueryable<TSource>, Expression<Func<TSource,Boolean>>) 的表达式树而发生的查询行为取决于参数类型的 source
实现。 预期的行为是,它返回 中 source
唯一满足 指定条件的 predicate
元素。