DataMemberAttribute 类

定义

命名空间:

System.Runtime.Serialization

程序集:

System.Runtime.Serialization.Primitives.dll

Source:

DataMemberAttribute.cs

当应用于类型的成员时，指定该成员是数据协定的一部分并可由 DataContractSerializer 进行序列化。

public ref class DataMemberAttribute sealed : Attribute

[System.AttributeUsage(System.AttributeTargets.Field | System.AttributeTargets.Property, AllowMultiple=false, Inherited=false)]
public sealed class DataMemberAttribute : Attribute

[<System.AttributeUsage(System.AttributeTargets.Field | System.AttributeTargets.Property, AllowMultiple=false, Inherited=false)>]
type DataMemberAttribute = class
    inherit Attribute

Public NotInheritable Class DataMemberAttribute
Inherits Attribute

继承

Object

Attribute

DataMemberAttribute

属性

AttributeUsageAttribute

示例

以下示例演示已应用 DataContractAttribute 和 DataMemberAttribute 特性的类型。 上的 NameDataMemberAttribute 属性设置为“ID”。

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Xml;

// You must apply a DataContractAttribute or SerializableAttribute
// to a class to have it serialized by the DataContractSerializer.
[DataContract()]
class Person : IExtensibleDataObject
{
    private string LastNameValue;
    // Apply the DataMemberAttribute to fields (or properties)
    // that must be serialized.
    [DataMember()]
    public string FirstName;

    [DataMember]
    public string LastName
    {
        get { return LastNameValue; }
        set { LastNameValue = value; }
    }

    [DataMember(Name = "ID")]
    public int IdNumber;

    // Note that you can apply the DataMemberAttribute to
    // a private field as well.
    [DataMember]
    private string Secret;

    public Person(string newfName, string newLName, int newIdNumber)
    {
        FirstName = newfName;
        LastName = newLName;
        IdNumber = newIdNumber;
        Secret = newfName + newLName + newIdNumber;
    }

    // The extensionDataValue field holds data from future versions
    // of the type.  This enables this type to be compatible with
    // future versions. The field is required to implement the
    // IExtensibleDataObject interface.

    private ExtensionDataObject extensionDatavalue;

    public ExtensionDataObject ExtensionData
    {
        get
        {
            return extensionDatavalue;
        }
        set
        {
            extensionDatavalue = value;
        }
    }
}

public class Test
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        try
        {
            WriteObject(@"DataMemberAttributeExample.xml");
            ReadObject(@"DataMemberAttributeExample.xml");
        }
        catch (Exception exc)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(
            "The serialization operation failed: {0} StackTrace: {1}",
            exc.Message, exc.StackTrace);
        }
        finally
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Press <Enter> to exit....");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }

    public static void WriteObject(string filename)
    {
        // Create a new instance of the Person class.
        Person p1 = new Person("Zighetti", "Barbara", 101);
        FileStream writer = new FileStream(filename,
        FileMode.OpenOrCreate);
        DataContractSerializer ser =
            new DataContractSerializer(typeof(Person));
        ser.WriteObject(writer, p1);
        writer.Close();
    }

    public static void ReadObject(string filename)
    {
        // Deserialize an instance of the Person class
        // from an XML file.
        FileStream fs = new FileStream(filename,
        FileMode.OpenOrCreate);
        DataContractSerializer ser =
            new DataContractSerializer(typeof(Person));
        // Deserialize the data and read it from the instance.
        Person deserializedPerson = (Person)ser.ReadObject(fs);
        fs.Close();
        Console.WriteLine(String.Format("{0} {1}, ID: {2}",
        deserializedPerson.FirstName, deserializedPerson.LastName,
        deserializedPerson.IdNumber));
    }
}

Imports System.Collections
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Runtime.Serialization
Imports System.Xml

' You must apply a DataContractAttribute or SerializableAttribute
' to a class to have it serialized by the DataContractSerializer.
<DataContract()>  _
Class Person
    Implements IExtensibleDataObject

    Private LastNameValue As String
     
    ' Apply the DataMemberAttribute to fields (or properties) 
    ' that must be serialized.
    
    <DataMember()>  _
    Public FirstName As String
    
    <DataMember()>  _
    Public Property LastName() As String
        Get
            Return LastNameValue 
        End Get

        Set(ByVal Value As String)
           LastNameValue = Value
        End Set
    End Property

    
    <DataMember(Name:="ID")>  _
    Public IdNumber As Integer
    
    ' Note that you can apply the DataMemberAttribute to 
    ' a private field as well.
    <DataMember()>  _
    Private Secret As String
    
    Public Sub New(ByVal newfName As String, ByVal newLName As String, ByVal newIdNumber As Integer) 
        FirstName = newfName
        LastName = newLName
        IdNumber = newIdNumber
        Secret = newfName + newLName + newIdNumber.ToString()
    
    End Sub 
    
    ' The ExtensionData field holds data from future versions 
    ' of the type.  This enables this type to be compatible with 
    ' future versions. The field is required to implement the 
    ' IExtensibleObjectData interface.
    Private extensionDataValue As ExtensionDataObject
    
    Public Property ExtensionData() As ExtensionDataObject _
       Implements IExtensibleDataObject.ExtensionData
        Get
            Return extensionDataValue
        End Get
        Set
            extensionDataValue = value
        End Set
    End Property
End Class 

Public Class Test
    Public Shared Sub Main(ByVal args() As String) 
        Try
            ReadObject("DataMemberAttributeExample.xml")
            WriteObject("DataMemberAttributeExample.xml")
        Catch exc As Exception
            Console.WriteLine("The serialization operation failed: {0} StackTrace: {1}", _
            exc.Message, exc.StackTrace)
        Finally
            Console.WriteLine("Press <Enter> to exit....")
            Console.ReadLine()
        End Try
    End Sub 
    
    Public Shared Sub ReadObject(ByVal filename As String) 
        ' Create a new instance of the Person class.
        Dim p1 As New Person("Zighetti", "Barbara", 101)
        Dim writer As New FileStream(filename, FileMode.Create)
        Dim ser As New DataContractSerializer(GetType(Person))
        ser.WriteObject(writer, p1)
        writer.Close()
    End Sub 

    Public Shared Sub WriteObject(ByVal filename As String) 
        ' Deserialize an instance of the Person class 
        ' from an XML file.
        Dim fs As New FileStream(filename, FileMode.OpenOrCreate)
        Dim ser As New DataContractSerializer(getTYpe(Person))
        ' Deserialize the data and read it from the instance.
        Dim deserializedPerson As Person = ser.ReadObject(fs)
        fs.Close()
        Console.WriteLine(String.Format("{0} {1}, ID: {2}", _
        deserializedPerson.FirstName, deserializedPerson.LastName, deserializedPerson.IdNumber))
    End Sub 
End Class

注解

联合应用 DataMemberAttribute 属性和 DataContractAttribute 来标识类型的属于数据协定的成员。 可以序列化数据协定的序列化程序之一是 DataContractSerializer。

该数据协定模型是一种“选择性加入”模型。 将 DataMemberAttribute 应用于字段或属性将显式指定要序列化成员值。 相比之下， XmlSerializer 序列化类型的所有公共字段和属性。

注意

可将 DataMemberAttribute 应用于私有字段或属性。 请注意，成员返回的数据 (即使它是私有) 也会进行序列化和反序列化，因此恶意用户或进程可以查看或截获这些数据。

默认情况下，将 CLR 成员名称用作数据成员的名称。 可以通过设置 Name 属性来自定义数据成员的名称。 这可用于提供一个不允许作为 CLR 成员名称的名称。 当使用 DataContractSerializer 映射到 XML 时，此名称用作类型中的架构元素的名称。

注意

已应用该特性的属性 DataMemberAttribute 必须同时 get 具有 和 set 字段。 它们不能为 get-only 或 set-only。 例如，若要序列化应保留 get的属性（仅设计 (返回集合的属性) ），请考虑改为将 应用于 DataMemberAttribute 支持字段。

有关数据协定和数据成员的详细信息，请参阅 使用数据协定。 有关成员名称的详细信息，请参阅 数据成员默认值。

构造函数

DataMemberAttribute()

初始化 DataMemberAttribute 类的新实例。

属性

EmitDefaultValue	获取或设置一个值，该值指定是否序列化正在序列化的字段或属性的默认值。
IsNameSetExplicitly	获取 Name 是否已显式设置。
IsRequired	获取或设置一个值，该值指示序列化引擎该成员在读取或反序列化时必须存在。
Name	获取或设置数据成员名称。
Order	获取或设置成员的序列化和反序列化的顺序。
TypeId	在派生类中实现时，获取此 Attribute 的唯一标识符。 (继承自 Attribute)

方法

Equals(Object)	返回一个值，该值指示此实例是否与指定的对象相等。 (继承自 Attribute)
GetHashCode()	返回此实例的哈希代码。 (继承自 Attribute)
GetType()	获取当前实例的 Type。 (继承自 Object)
IsDefaultAttribute()	在派生类中重写时，指示此实例的值是否是派生类的默认值。 (继承自 Attribute)
Match(Object)	当在派生类中重写时，返回一个指示此实例是否等于指定对象的值。 (继承自 Attribute)
MemberwiseClone()	创建当前 Object 的浅表副本。 (继承自 Object)
ToString()	返回表示当前对象的字符串。 (继承自 Object)

另请参阅

• DataContractAttribute
• DataContractSerializer
• IExtensibleDataObject
• 使用数据协定
• 最佳做法：数据协定版本管理
• 数据成员默认值
• 数据成员顺序