TaskScheduler 类
定义
重要
一些信息与预发行产品相关，相应产品在发行之前可能会进行重大修改。 对于此处提供的信息，Microsoft 不作任何明示或暗示的担保。
表示一个处理将任务排队到线程中的低级工作的对象。
public ref class TaskScheduler abstractpublic abstract class TaskSchedulertype TaskScheduler = classPublic MustInherit Class TaskScheduler- 继承
-
TaskScheduler
示例
以下示例创建一个自定义任务计划程序，用于限制应用使用的线程数。 然后，它会启动两组任务，并显示任务正在执行的任务和线程的相关信息。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
class Example
{
static void Main()
{
// Create a scheduler that uses two threads.
LimitedConcurrencyLevelTaskScheduler lcts = new LimitedConcurrencyLevelTaskScheduler(2);
List<Task> tasks = new List<Task>();
// Create a TaskFactory and pass it our custom scheduler.
TaskFactory factory = new TaskFactory(lcts);
CancellationTokenSource cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
// Use our factory to run a set of tasks.
Object lockObj = new Object();
int outputItem = 0;
for (int tCtr = 0; tCtr <= 4; tCtr++) {
int iteration = tCtr;
Task t = factory.StartNew(() => {
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
lock (lockObj) {
Console.Write("{0} in task t-{1} on thread {2} ",
i, iteration, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
outputItem++;
if (outputItem % 3 == 0)
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
}, cts.Token);
tasks.Add(t);
}
// Use it to run a second set of tasks.
for (int tCtr = 0; tCtr <= 4; tCtr++) {
int iteration = tCtr;
Task t1 = factory.StartNew(() => {
for (int outer = 0; outer <= 10; outer++) {
for (int i = 0x21; i <= 0x7E; i++) {
lock (lockObj) {
Console.Write("'{0}' in task t1-{1} on thread {2} ",
Convert.ToChar(i), iteration, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
outputItem++;
if (outputItem % 3 == 0)
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
}
}, cts.Token);
tasks.Add(t1);
}
// Wait for the tasks to complete before displaying a completion message.
Task.WaitAll(tasks.ToArray());
cts.Dispose();
Console.WriteLine("\n\nSuccessful completion.");
}
}
// Provides a task scheduler that ensures a maximum concurrency level while
// running on top of the thread pool.
public class LimitedConcurrencyLevelTaskScheduler : TaskScheduler
{
// Indicates whether the current thread is processing work items.
[ThreadStatic]
private static bool _currentThreadIsProcessingItems;
// The list of tasks to be executed
private readonly LinkedList<Task> _tasks = new LinkedList<Task>(); // protected by lock(_tasks)
// The maximum concurrency level allowed by this scheduler.
private readonly int _maxDegreeOfParallelism;
// Indicates whether the scheduler is currently processing work items.
private int _delegatesQueuedOrRunning = 0;
// Creates a new instance with the specified degree of parallelism.
public LimitedConcurrencyLevelTaskScheduler(int maxDegreeOfParallelism)
{
if (maxDegreeOfParallelism < 1) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("maxDegreeOfParallelism");
_maxDegreeOfParallelism = maxDegreeOfParallelism;
}
// Queues a task to the scheduler.
protected sealed override void QueueTask(Task task)
{
// Add the task to the list of tasks to be processed. If there aren't enough
// delegates currently queued or running to process tasks, schedule another.
lock (_tasks)
{
_tasks.AddLast(task);
if (_delegatesQueuedOrRunning < _maxDegreeOfParallelism)
{
++_delegatesQueuedOrRunning;
NotifyThreadPoolOfPendingWork();
}
}
}
// Inform the ThreadPool that there's work to be executed for this scheduler.
private void NotifyThreadPoolOfPendingWork()
{
ThreadPool.UnsafeQueueUserWorkItem(_ =>
{
// Note that the current thread is now processing work items.
// This is necessary to enable inlining of tasks into this thread.
_currentThreadIsProcessingItems = true;
try
{
// Process all available items in the queue.
while (true)
{
Task item;
lock (_tasks)
{
// When there are no more items to be processed,
// note that we're done processing, and get out.
if (_tasks.Count == 0)
{
--_delegatesQueuedOrRunning;
break;
}
// Get the next item from the queue
item = _tasks.First.Value;
_tasks.RemoveFirst();
}
// Execute the task we pulled out of the queue
base.TryExecuteTask(item);
}
}
// We're done processing items on the current thread
finally { _currentThreadIsProcessingItems = false; }
}, null);
}
// Attempts to execute the specified task on the current thread.
protected sealed override bool TryExecuteTaskInline(Task task, bool taskWasPreviouslyQueued)
{
// If this thread isn't already processing a task, we don't support inlining
if (!_currentThreadIsProcessingItems) return false;
// If the task was previously queued, remove it from the queue
if (taskWasPreviouslyQueued)
// Try to run the task.
if (TryDequeue(task))
return base.TryExecuteTask(task);
else
return false;
else
return base.TryExecuteTask(task);
}
// Attempt to remove a previously scheduled task from the scheduler.
protected sealed override bool TryDequeue(Task task)
{
lock (_tasks) return _tasks.Remove(task);
}
// Gets the maximum concurrency level supported by this scheduler.
public sealed override int MaximumConcurrencyLevel { get { return _maxDegreeOfParallelism; } }
// Gets an enumerable of the tasks currently scheduled on this scheduler.
protected sealed override IEnumerable<Task> GetScheduledTasks()
{
bool lockTaken = false;
try
{
Monitor.TryEnter(_tasks, ref lockTaken);
if (lockTaken) return _tasks;
else throw new NotSupportedException();
}
finally
{
if (lockTaken) Monitor.Exit(_tasks);
}
}
}
// The following is a portion of the output from a single run of the example:
// 'T' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'U' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'V' in task t1-4 on thread 3
// 'W' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'X' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'Y' in task t1-4 on thread 3
// 'Z' in task t1-4 on thread 3 '[' in task t1-4 on thread 3 '\' in task t1-4 on thread 3
// ']' in task t1-4 on thread 3 '^' in task t1-4 on thread 3 '_' in task t1-4 on thread 3
// '`' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'a' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'b' in task t1-4 on thread 3
// 'c' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'd' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'e' in task t1-4 on thread 3
// 'f' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'g' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'h' in task t1-4 on thread 3
// 'i' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'j' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'k' in task t1-4 on thread 3
// 'l' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'm' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'n' in task t1-4 on thread 3
// 'o' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'p' in task t1-4 on thread 3 ']' in task t1-2 on thread 4
// '^' in task t1-2 on thread 4 '_' in task t1-2 on thread 4 '`' in task t1-2 on thread 4
// 'a' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'b' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'c' in task t1-2 on thread 4
// 'd' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'e' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'f' in task t1-2 on thread 4
// 'g' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'h' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'i' in task t1-2 on thread 4
// 'j' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'k' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'l' in task t1-2 on thread 4
// 'm' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'n' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'o' in task t1-2 on thread 4
// 'p' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'q' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'r' in task t1-2 on thread 4
// 's' in task t1-2 on thread 4 't' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'u' in task t1-2 on thread 4
// 'v' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'w' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'x' in task t1-2 on thread 4
// 'y' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'z' in task t1-2 on thread 4 '{' in task t1-2 on thread 4
// '|' in task t1-2 on thread 4 '}' in task t1-2 on thread 4 '~' in task t1-2 on thread 4
// 'q' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'r' in task t1-4 on thread 3 's' in task t1-4 on thread 3
// 't' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'u' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'v' in task t1-4 on thread 3
// 'w' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'x' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'y' in task t1-4 on thread 3
// 'z' in task t1-4 on thread 3 '{' in task t1-4 on thread 3 '|' in task t1-4 on thread 3
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Threading
Imports System.Threading.Tasks
Module Example
Sub Main()
' Create a scheduler that uses two threads.
Dim lcts As New LimitedConcurrencyLevelTaskScheduler(2)
Dim tasks As New List(Of Task)()
' Create a TaskFactory and pass it our custom scheduler.
Dim factory As New TaskFactory(lcts)
Dim cts As New CancellationTokenSource()
' Use our factory to run a set of tasks.
Dim objLock As New Object()
Dim outputItem As Integer
For tCtr As Integer = 0 To 4
Dim iteration As Integer = tCtr
Dim t As Task = factory.StartNew(Sub()
For i As Integer = 1 To 1000
SyncLock objLock
Console.Write("{0} in task t-{1} on thread {2} ",
i, iteration, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId)
outputItem += 1
If outputItem Mod 3 = 0 Then Console.WriteLine()
End SyncLock
Next
End Sub,
cts.Token)
tasks.Add(t)
Next
' Use it to run a second set of tasks.
For tCtr As Integer = 0 To 4
Dim iteration As Integer = tCtr
Dim t1 As Task = factory.StartNew(Sub()
For outer As Integer = 0 To 10
For i As Integer = &h21 To &h7E
SyncLock objLock
Console.Write("'{0}' in task t1-{1} on thread {2} ",
Convert.ToChar(i), iteration, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId)
outputItem += 1
If outputItem Mod 3 = 0 Then Console.WriteLine()
End SyncLock
Next
Next
End Sub,
cts.Token)
tasks.Add(t1)
Next
' Wait for the tasks to complete before displaying a completion message.
Task.WaitAll(tasks.ToArray())
cts.Dispose()
Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf + vbCrLf + "Successful completion.")
End Sub
End Module
' Provides a task scheduler that ensures a maximum concurrency level while
' running on top of the thread pool.
Public Class LimitedConcurrencyLevelTaskScheduler : Inherits TaskScheduler
' Indicates whether the current thread is processing work items.
<ThreadStatic()> Private Shared _currentThreadIsProcessingItems As Boolean
' The list of tasks to be executed
Private ReadOnly _tasks As LinkedList(Of Task) = New LinkedList(Of Task)()
'The maximum concurrency level allowed by this scheduler.
Private ReadOnly _maxDegreeOfParallelism As Integer
' Indicates whether the scheduler is currently processing work items.
Private _delegatesQueuedOrRunning As Integer = 0 ' protected by lock(_tasks)
' Creates a new instance with the specified degree of parallelism.
Public Sub New(ByVal maxDegreeOfParallelism As Integer)
If (maxDegreeOfParallelism < 1) Then
Throw New ArgumentOutOfRangeException("maxDegreeOfParallelism")
End If
_maxDegreeOfParallelism = maxDegreeOfParallelism
End Sub
' Queues a task to the scheduler.
Protected Overrides Sub QueueTask(ByVal t As Task)
' Add the task to the list of tasks to be processed. If there aren't enough
' delegates currently queued or running to process tasks, schedule another.
SyncLock (_tasks)
_tasks.AddLast(t)
If (_delegatesQueuedOrRunning < _maxDegreeOfParallelism) Then
_delegatesQueuedOrRunning = _delegatesQueuedOrRunning + 1
NotifyThreadPoolOfPendingWork()
End If
End SyncLock
End Sub
' Inform the ThreadPool that there's work to be executed for this scheduler.
Private Sub NotifyThreadPoolOfPendingWork()
ThreadPool.UnsafeQueueUserWorkItem(Sub()
' Note that the current thread is now processing work items.
' This is necessary to enable inlining of tasks into this thread.
_currentThreadIsProcessingItems = True
Try
' Process all available items in the queue.
While (True)
Dim item As Task
SyncLock (_tasks)
' When there are no more items to be processed,
' note that we're done processing, and get out.
If (_tasks.Count = 0) Then
_delegatesQueuedOrRunning = _delegatesQueuedOrRunning - 1
Exit While
End If
' Get the next item from the queue
item = _tasks.First.Value
_tasks.RemoveFirst()
End SyncLock
' Execute the task we pulled out of the queue
MyBase.TryExecuteTask(item)
End While
' We're done processing items on the current thread
Finally
_currentThreadIsProcessingItems = False
End Try
End Sub,
Nothing)
End Sub
' Attempts to execute the specified task on the current thread.
Protected Overrides Function TryExecuteTaskInline(ByVal t As Task,
ByVal taskWasPreviouslyQueued As Boolean) As Boolean
' If this thread isn't already processing a task, we don't support inlining
If (Not _currentThreadIsProcessingItems) Then
Return False
End If
' If the task was previously queued, remove it from the queue
If (taskWasPreviouslyQueued) Then
' Try to run the task.
If TryDequeue(t) Then
Return MyBase.TryExecuteTask(t)
Else
Return False
End If
Else
Return MyBase.TryExecuteTask(t)
End If
End Function
' Attempt to remove a previously scheduled task from the scheduler.
Protected Overrides Function TryDequeue(ByVal t As Task) As Boolean
SyncLock (_tasks)
Return _tasks.Remove(t)
End SyncLock
End Function
' Gets the maximum concurrency level supported by this scheduler.
Public Overrides ReadOnly Property MaximumConcurrencyLevel As Integer
Get
Return _maxDegreeOfParallelism
End Get
End Property
' Gets an enumerable of the tasks currently scheduled on this scheduler.
Protected Overrides Function GetScheduledTasks() As IEnumerable(Of Task)
Dim lockTaken As Boolean = False
Try
Monitor.TryEnter(_tasks, lockTaken)
If (lockTaken) Then
Return _tasks.ToArray()
Else
Throw New NotSupportedException()
End If
Finally
If (lockTaken) Then
Monitor.Exit(_tasks)
End If
End Try
End Function
End Class
' The following is a portion of the output from a single run of the example:
' 'T' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'U' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'V' in task t1-4 on thread 3
' 'W' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'X' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'Y' in task t1-4 on thread 3
' 'Z' in task t1-4 on thread 3 '[' in task t1-4 on thread 3 '\' in task t1-4 on thread 3
' ']' in task t1-4 on thread 3 '^' in task t1-4 on thread 3 '_' in task t1-4 on thread 3
' '`' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'a' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'b' in task t1-4 on thread 3
' 'c' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'd' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'e' in task t1-4 on thread 3
' 'f' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'g' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'h' in task t1-4 on thread 3
' 'i' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'j' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'k' in task t1-4 on thread 3
' 'l' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'm' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'n' in task t1-4 on thread 3
' 'o' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'p' in task t1-4 on thread 3 ']' in task t1-2 on thread 4
' '^' in task t1-2 on thread 4 '_' in task t1-2 on thread 4 '`' in task t1-2 on thread 4
' 'a' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'b' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'c' in task t1-2 on thread 4
' 'd' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'e' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'f' in task t1-2 on thread 4
' 'g' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'h' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'i' in task t1-2 on thread 4
' 'j' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'k' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'l' in task t1-2 on thread 4
' 'm' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'n' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'o' in task t1-2 on thread 4
' 'p' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'q' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'r' in task t1-2 on thread 4
' 's' in task t1-2 on thread 4 't' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'u' in task t1-2 on thread 4
' 'v' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'w' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'x' in task t1-2 on thread 4
' 'y' in task t1-2 on thread 4 'z' in task t1-2 on thread 4 '{' in task t1-2 on thread 4
' '|' in task t1-2 on thread 4 '}' in task t1-2 on thread 4 '~' in task t1-2 on thread 4
' 'q' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'r' in task t1-4 on thread 3 's' in task t1-4 on thread 3
' 't' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'u' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'v' in task t1-4 on thread 3
' 'w' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'x' in task t1-4 on thread 3 'y' in task t1-4 on thread 3
' 'z' in task t1-4 on thread 3 '{' in task t1-4 on thread 3 '|' in task t1-4 on thread 3
注解
类的 TaskScheduler 实例表示任务计划程序。 任务计划程序确保最终执行任务作业。
默认的任务计划程序基于 .NET Framework 4 线程池，提供工作窃取实现负载平衡、线程注入/退出以实现最大吞吐量，并提供整体卓越性能。 它应足以满足大多数方案。
该 TaskScheduler 类还充当所有可自定义计划逻辑的扩展点。 这包括机制，例如如何计划任务执行，以及如何向调试器公开计划任务。 如果需要特殊功能，可以创建自定义计划程序，并为特定任务或查询启用它。
本文内容：
默认任务计划程序和线程池
全局队列与本地队列
工作窃取
长时间运行的任务
任务内联
指定同步上下文
默认任务计划程序和线程池
任务并行库和 PLINQ 的默认计划程序使用由类表示 ThreadPool 的 .NET 线程池来排队和执行工作。 线程池使用类型提供的信息 Task 高效支持细粒度并行度 (并行) 并行任务和查询通常表示的短期工作单元。
全局队列与本地队列
线程池维护每个应用程序域中线程的全局 FIFO (先出) 工作队列。 每当程序调用 ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem (或 ThreadPool.UnsafeQueueUserWorkItem) 方法时，工作就会放在此共享队列上，并最终取消排队到下一个可用线程。 从 .NET Framework 4 开始，此队列使用类似于类的无锁算法ConcurrentQueue<T>。 使用此无锁实现，线程池在排队和取消队列工作项时花费的时间更少。 此性能优势可用于使用线程池的所有程序。
最高级任务（即不在其他任务的上下文中创建的任务）与任何其他工作项一样放在全局队列上。 但是，嵌套任务或子任务（在其他任务的上下文中创建）的处理方式大不相同。 子任务或嵌套任务放置在特定于执行父任务的线程的本地队列上。 父任务可能是最高级任务，也可能是其他任务的子任务。 当此线程准备好执行更多工作时，首先查看本地队列。 如果工作项在此处等待，即可快速访问它们。 本地队列在最后一次先出顺序 (LIFO) 访问，以保留缓存区域并减少争用。 有关子任务和嵌套任务的详细信息，请参阅 附加和分离的子任务。
使用本地队列不仅减少了全局队列的压力，而且利用数据区域。 本地队列中的工作项经常引用内存中物理上彼此靠近的数据结构。 在这些情况下，数据已在缓存中，第一个任务运行后即可快速访问。 并行 LINQ (PLINQ) 和Parallel类都广泛使用嵌套任务和子任务，并使用本地工作队列实现显著加速。
工作窃取
从 .NET Framework 4 开始，线程池还具有工作窃取算法，以帮助确保没有线程处于空闲状态，而其他人仍在其队列中工作。 当线程池线程准备好执更多工作时，首先查看其本地队列的开头，再查看全局队列，然后查看其他线程的本地队列。 如果在其他线程的本地队列中找到工作项，它会先应用试探法以确保可有效运行工作。 如果可有效运行，则将（按 FIFO 顺序）从结尾处取消工作项的排队。 这样可以减少每个本地队列上的争用并保留数据位置。 此体系结构可帮助线程池负载均衡比过去的版本更高效地工作。
长时间运行的任务
可能想要显式防止将任务放到本地队列上。 例如，你可能知道特定工作项将运行相对长的时间并可能阻塞本地队列中的所有其他工作项。 在这种情况下，可指定 System.Threading.Tasks.TaskCreationOptions 选项，它提示附加线程执行任务时可能需要计划程序，以使此任务不阻塞本地队列中其他线程或工作项的向前推动。 使用此选项可以完全避免线程池，包括全局队列和本地队列。
任务内联
在某些情况下，等待时 Task ，可能会在执行等待操作的线程上同步执行。 这可以通过防止需要其他线程，而不是使用现有的线程来增强性能，否则会阻止该线程。 为了防止因重新进入而导致的错误，仅在相关线程的本地队列中找到等待目标时，才会发生任务内联。
指定同步上下文
可使用 TaskScheduler.FromCurrentSynchronizationContext 方法指定任务应计划在特定线程上运行。 在 Windows 窗体和 Windows Presentation Foundation 等框架中此操作非常有用，在此类框架中对用户界面对象的访问限制为只可访问在创建 UI 对象的同一线程上运行的代码。
以下示例使用TaskScheduler.FromCurrentSynchronizationContextWindows Presentation Foundation (WPF) 应用中的方法在创建用户界面 (UI) 控件的同一线程上计划任务。 该示例创建从指定目录中随机选择的图像马赛克。 WPF 对象用于加载和调整图像的大小。 然后，原始像素将传递给使用 For 循环将像素数据写入大型单字节数组的任务。 不需要同步，因为没有两个磁贴占用相同的数组元素。 磁贴也可以按任意顺序编写，因为它们的位置独立于任何其他磁贴进行计算。 然后，大型数组将传递到 UI 线程上运行的任务，其中将像素数据加载到图像控件中。
该示例将数据移出 UI 线程，使用并行循环和 Task 对象对其进行修改，然后将其传回 UI 线程上运行的任务。 当必须使用任务并行库来执行 WPF API 不支持的操作或不够快时，此方法非常有用。 在 WPF 中创建图像马赛克的另一 System.Windows.Controls.WrapPanel 种方法是使用控件并向其添加图像。 处理 WrapPanel 定位磁贴的工作。 但是，此操作只能在 UI 线程上执行。
using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
namespace WPF_CS1
{
/// <summary>
/// Interaction logic for MainWindow.xaml
/// </summary>
public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
private int fileCount;
int colCount;
int rowCount;
private int tilePixelHeight;
private int tilePixelWidth;
private int largeImagePixelHeight;
private int largeImagePixelWidth;
private int largeImageStride;
PixelFormat format;
BitmapPalette palette = null;
public MainWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
// For this example, values are hard-coded to a mosaic of 8x8 tiles.
// Each tile is 50 pixels high and 66 pixels wide and 32 bits per pixel.
colCount = 12;
rowCount = 8;
tilePixelHeight = 50;
tilePixelWidth = 66;
largeImagePixelHeight = tilePixelHeight * rowCount;
largeImagePixelWidth = tilePixelWidth * colCount;
largeImageStride = largeImagePixelWidth * (32 / 8);
this.Width = largeImagePixelWidth + 40;
image.Width = largeImagePixelWidth;
image.Height = largeImagePixelHeight;
}
private void button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
// For best results use 1024 x 768 jpg files at 32bpp.
string[] files = System.IO.Directory.GetFiles(@"C:\Users\Public\Pictures\Sample Pictures\", "*.jpg");
fileCount = files.Length;
Task<byte[]>[] images = new Task<byte[]>[fileCount];
for (int i = 0; i < fileCount; i++)
{
int x = i;
images[x] = Task.Factory.StartNew(() => LoadImage(files[x]));
}
// When they've all been loaded, tile them into a single byte array.
var tiledImage = Task.Factory.ContinueWhenAll(
images, (i) => TileImages(i));
// We are currently on the UI thread. Save the sync context and pass it to
// the next task so that it can access the UI control "image".
var UISyncContext = TaskScheduler.FromCurrentSynchronizationContext();
// On the UI thread, put the bytes into a bitmap and
// display it in the Image control.
var t3 = tiledImage.ContinueWith((antecedent) =>
{
// Get System DPI.
Matrix m = PresentationSource.FromVisual(Application.Current.MainWindow)
.CompositionTarget.TransformToDevice;
double dpiX = m.M11;
double dpiY = m.M22;
BitmapSource bms = BitmapSource.Create(largeImagePixelWidth,
largeImagePixelHeight,
dpiX,
dpiY,
format,
palette, //use default palette
antecedent.Result,
largeImageStride);
image.Source = bms;
}, UISyncContext);
}
byte[] LoadImage(string filename)
{
// Use the WPF BitmapImage class to load and
// resize the bitmap. NOTE: Only 32bpp formats are supported correctly.
// Support for additional color formats is left as an exercise
// for the reader. For more information, see documentation for ColorConvertedBitmap.
BitmapImage bitmapImage = new BitmapImage();
bitmapImage.BeginInit();
bitmapImage.UriSource = new Uri(filename);
bitmapImage.DecodePixelHeight = tilePixelHeight;
bitmapImage.DecodePixelWidth = tilePixelWidth;
bitmapImage.EndInit();
format = bitmapImage.Format;
int size = (int)(bitmapImage.Height * bitmapImage.Width);
int stride = (int)bitmapImage.Width * 4;
byte[] dest = new byte[stride * tilePixelHeight];
bitmapImage.CopyPixels(dest, stride, 0);
return dest;
}
int Stride(int pixelWidth, int bitsPerPixel)
{
return (((pixelWidth * bitsPerPixel + 31) / 32) * 4);
}
// Map the individual image tiles to the large image
// in parallel. Any kind of raw image manipulation can be
// done here because we are not attempting to access any
// WPF controls from multiple threads.
byte[] TileImages(Task<byte[]>[] sourceImages)
{
byte[] largeImage = new byte[largeImagePixelHeight * largeImageStride];
int tileImageStride = tilePixelWidth * 4; // hard coded to 32bpp
Random rand = new Random();
Parallel.For(0, rowCount * colCount, (i) =>
{
// Pick one of the images at random for this tile.
int cur = rand.Next(0, sourceImages.Length);
byte[] pixels = sourceImages[cur].Result;
// Get the starting index for this tile.
int row = i / colCount;
int col = (int)(i % colCount);
int idx = ((row * (largeImageStride * tilePixelHeight)) + (col * tileImageStride));
// Write the pixels for the current tile. The pixels are not contiguous
// in the array, therefore we have to advance the index by the image stride
// (minus the stride of the tile) for each scanline of the tile.
int tileImageIndex = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < tilePixelHeight; j++)
{
// Write the next scanline for this tile.
for (int k = 0; k < tileImageStride; k++)
{
largeImage[idx++] = pixels[tileImageIndex++];
}
// Advance to the beginning of the next scanline.
idx += largeImageStride - tileImageStride;
}
});
return largeImage;
}
}
}
Imports System.Threading.Tasks
Imports System.Windows
Imports System.Windows.Media
Imports System.Windows.Media.Imaging
Partial Public Class MainWindow : Inherits Window
Dim fileCount As Integer
Dim colCount As Integer
Dim rowCount As Integer
Dim tilePixelHeight As Integer
Dim tilePixelWidth As Integer
Dim largeImagePixelHeight As Integer
Dim largeImagePixelWidth As Integer
Dim largeImageStride As Integer
Dim format As PixelFormat
Dim palette As BitmapPalette = Nothing
Public Sub New()
InitializeComponent()
' For this example, values are hard-coded to a mosaic of 8x8 tiles.
' Each tile Is 50 pixels high and 66 pixels wide and 32 bits per pixel.
colCount = 12
rowCount = 8
tilePixelHeight = 50
tilePixelWidth = 66
largeImagePixelHeight = tilePixelHeight * rowCount
largeImagePixelWidth = tilePixelWidth * colCount
largeImageStride = largeImagePixelWidth * (32 / 8)
Me.Width = largeImagePixelWidth + 40
image.Width = largeImagePixelWidth
image.Height = largeImagePixelHeight
End Sub
Private Sub button_Click(sender As Object, e As RoutedEventArgs) _
Handles button.Click
' For best results use 1024 x 768 jpg files at 32bpp.
Dim files() As String = System.IO.Directory.GetFiles("C:\Users\Public\Pictures\Sample Pictures\", "*.jpg")
fileCount = files.Length
Dim images(fileCount - 1) As Task(Of Byte())
For i As Integer = 0 To fileCount - 1
Dim x As Integer = i
images(x) = Task.Factory.StartNew(Function() LoadImage(files(x)))
Next
' When they have all been loaded, tile them into a single byte array.
'var tiledImage = Task.Factory.ContinueWhenAll(
' images, (i) >= TileImages(i));
' Dim tiledImage As Task(Of Byte()) = Task.Factory.ContinueWhenAll(images, Function(i As Task(Of Byte())) TileImages(i))
Dim tiledImage = Task.Factory.ContinueWhenAll(images, Function(i As Task(Of Byte())()) TileImages(i))
' We are currently on the UI thread. Save the sync context and pass it to
' the next task so that it can access the UI control "image1".
Dim UISyncContext = TaskScheduler.FromCurrentSynchronizationContext()
' On the UI thread, put the bytes into a bitmap and
' display it in the Image control.
Dim t3 = tiledImage.ContinueWith(Sub(antecedent)
' Get System DPI.
Dim m As Matrix = PresentationSource.FromVisual(Application.Current.MainWindow).CompositionTarget.TransformToDevice
Dim dpiX As Double = m.M11
Dim dpiY As Double = m.M22
' Use the default palette in creating the bitmap.
Dim bms As BitmapSource = BitmapSource.Create(largeImagePixelWidth,
largeImagePixelHeight,
dpiX,
dpiY,
format,
palette,
antecedent.Result,
largeImageStride)
image.Source = bms
End Sub, UISyncContext)
End Sub
Public Function LoadImage(filename As String) As Byte()
' Use the WPF BitmapImage class to load and
' resize the bitmap. NOTE: Only 32bpp formats are supported correctly.
' Support for additional color formats Is left as an exercise
' for the reader. For more information, see documentation for ColorConvertedBitmap.
Dim bitmapImage As New BitmapImage()
bitmapImage.BeginInit()
bitmapImage.UriSource = New Uri(filename)
bitmapImage.DecodePixelHeight = tilePixelHeight
bitmapImage.DecodePixelWidth = tilePixelWidth
bitmapImage.EndInit()
format = bitmapImage.Format
Dim size As Integer = CInt(bitmapImage.Height * bitmapImage.Width)
Dim stride As Integer = CInt(bitmapImage.Width * 4)
Dim dest(stride * tilePixelHeight - 1) As Byte
bitmapImage.CopyPixels(dest, stride, 0)
Return dest
End Function
Function Stride(pixelWidth As Integer, bitsPerPixel As Integer) As Integer
Return (((pixelWidth * bitsPerPixel + 31) / 32) * 4)
End Function
' Map the individual image tiles to the large image
' in parallel. Any kind of raw image manipulation can be
' done here because we are Not attempting to access any
' WPF controls from multiple threads.
Function TileImages(sourceImages As Task(Of Byte())()) As Byte()
Dim largeImage(largeImagePixelHeight * largeImageStride - 1) As Byte
Dim tileImageStride As Integer = tilePixelWidth * 4 ' hard coded To 32bpp
Dim rand As New Random()
Parallel.For(0, rowCount * colCount, Sub(i)
' Pick one of the images at random for this tile.
Dim cur As Integer = rand.Next(0, sourceImages.Length)
Dim pixels() As Byte = sourceImages(cur).Result
' Get the starting index for this tile.
Dim row As Integer = i \ colCount
Dim col As Integer = i Mod colCount
Dim idx As Integer = ((row * (largeImageStride * tilePixelHeight)) + (col * tileImageStride))
' Write the pixels for the current tile. The pixels are Not contiguous
' in the array, therefore we have to advance the index by the image stride
' (minus the stride of the tile) for each scanline of the tile.
Dim tileImageIndex As Integer = 0
For j As Integer = 0 To tilePixelHeight - 1
' Write the next scanline for this tile.
For k As Integer = 0 To tileImageStride - 1
largeImage(idx) = pixels(tileImageIndex)
idx += 1
tileImageIndex += 1
Next
' Advance to the beginning of the next scanline.
idx += largeImageStride - tileImageStride
Next
End Sub)
Return largeImage
End Function
End Class
若要创建示例，请在 Visual Studio中创建 WPF 应用程序项目，并将其命名为 C# WPF 项目) WPF_CS1 (，或WPF_VB1 (Visual Basic WPF 项目) 。 然后执行以下操作：
在设计视图中，将Image工具箱 中的控件拖到设计图面的左上角。 在**“属性**”窗口的名称文本框中，将控件命名为“image”。
将 Button 控件从 工具箱 拖到应用程序窗口左下半部分。 在 XAML 视图中，将 Content 按钮的属性指定为“生成马赛克”，并将其属性指定 Width 为“100”。 Click
button_Click通过添加到Click="button_Click"``<Button>元素，连接示例代码中定义的事件处理程序的事件。 在 “属性”窗口的“名称”文本框中，将控件命名为“按钮”。将 MainWindow.xaml.cs 或 MainWindow.xaml.vb 文件的整个内容替换为此示例中的代码。 对于 C# WPF 项目，请确保工作区的名称与项目名称匹配。
此示例从名为 C：\Users\Public\Pictures\Sample Pictures\ 的目录中读取 JPEG 图像。 创建目录并放置其中某些映像，或更改引用包含图像的其他一些目录的路径。
此示例存在一些限制。 例如，仅支持每像素 32 位图像;在调整大小操作期间，其他格式的图像被 BitmapImage 对象损坏。 此外，源图像必须都大于磁贴大小。 作为进一步练习，可以添加功能来处理多个像素格式和文件大小。
构造函数
| TaskScheduler() |
初始化 TaskScheduler。 |
属性
| Current |
获取与当前正在执行的任务关联的 TaskScheduler。 |
| Default |
获取由 .NET 提供的默认 TaskScheduler 实例。 |
| Id |
获取此 TaskScheduler 的唯一 ID。 |
| MaximumConcurrencyLevel |
指示此 TaskScheduler 能够支持的最大并发级别。 |
方法
| Equals(Object) |
确定指定对象是否等于当前对象。 (继承自 Object) |
| Finalize() |
释放与此计划程序关联的所有资源。 |
| FromCurrentSynchronizationContext() |
创建与当前 SynchronizationContext 关联的 TaskScheduler。 |
| GetHashCode() |
作为默认哈希函数。 (继承自 Object) |
| GetScheduledTasks() |
仅对于调试器支持，生成当前排队到计划程序中等待执行的 Task 实例的枚举。 |
| GetType() |
获取当前实例的 Type。 (继承自 Object) |
| MemberwiseClone() |
创建当前 Object 的浅表副本。 (继承自 Object) |
| QueueTask(Task) |
将 Task 排队到计划程序中。 |
| ToString() |
返回表示当前对象的字符串。 (继承自 Object) |
| TryDequeue(Task) |
尝试将以前排队到此计划程序中的 Task 取消排队。 |
| TryExecuteTask(Task) |
尝试在此计划程序上执行提供的 Task。 |
| TryExecuteTaskInline(Task, Boolean) |
确定是否可以在此调用中同步执行提供的 Task，如果可以，将执行该任务。 |
事件
| UnobservedTaskException |
出错的任务中未观察到的异常将触发异常呈报策略时出现，默认情况下会终止进程。 |
适用于
线程安全性
抽象 TaskScheduler 类型的所有成员都是线程安全的，可以同时从多个线程使用。