如何在 Windows 窗体 DataGridView 控件中定制排序

2025-05-07

DataGridView 控件提供自动排序，但根据需求，可能需要自定义排序操作。例如，可以使用编程排序来创建备用用户界面（UI）。或者，可以处理 SortCompare 事件或调用 Sort(IComparer) 方法的 Sort 重载，以提高排序灵活性，例如对多列进行排序。

下面的代码示例演示了自定义排序的这三种方法。有关详细信息，请参阅 Windows 窗体 DataGridView 控件中的列排序模式。

编程排序

下面的代码示例演示了使用 SortOrder 和 SortedColumn 属性确定排序方向的编程排序，以及手动设置排序标志符号 SortGlyphDirection 属性。 Sort(DataGridViewColumn,ListSortDirection) 方法的 Sort 重载仅用于对单个列中的数据进行排序。

using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;

class Form1 : Form
{
    private Button sortButton = new Button();
    private DataGridView dataGridView1 = new DataGridView();

    // Initializes the form.
    // You can replace this code with designer-generated code.
    public Form1()
    {
        dataGridView1.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
        dataGridView1.AllowUserToAddRows = false;
        dataGridView1.SelectionMode =
            DataGridViewSelectionMode.ColumnHeaderSelect;
        dataGridView1.MultiSelect = false;

        sortButton.Dock = DockStyle.Bottom;
        sortButton.Text = "Sort";

        Controls.Add(dataGridView1);
        Controls.Add(sortButton);
        Text = "DataGridView programmatic sort demo";
    }

    // Establishes the main entry point for the application.
    [STAThreadAttribute()]
    static void Main()
    {
        Application.EnableVisualStyles();
        Application.Run(new Form1());
    }

    // Populates the DataGridView.
    // Replace this with your own code to populate the DataGridView.
    public void PopulateDataGridView()
    {
        // Add columns to the DataGridView.
        dataGridView1.ColumnCount = 2;
        dataGridView1.Columns[0].HeaderText = "Last Name";
        dataGridView1.Columns[1].HeaderText = "City";
        // Put the new columns into programmatic sort mode
        dataGridView1.Columns[0].SortMode =
            DataGridViewColumnSortMode.Programmatic;
        dataGridView1.Columns[1].SortMode =
            DataGridViewColumnSortMode.Programmatic;

        // Populate the DataGridView.
        dataGridView1.Rows.Add(new string[] { "Parker", "Seattle" });
        dataGridView1.Rows.Add(new string[] { "Watson", "Seattle" });
        dataGridView1.Rows.Add(new string[] { "Osborn", "New York" });
        dataGridView1.Rows.Add(new string[] { "Jameson", "New York" });
        dataGridView1.Rows.Add(new string[] { "Brock", "New Jersey" });
    }

    protected override void OnLoad(EventArgs e)
    {
        sortButton.Click += new EventHandler(sortButton_Click);

        PopulateDataGridView();
        base.OnLoad(e);
    }

    private void sortButton_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
    {
        // Check which column is selected, otherwise set NewColumn to null.
        DataGridViewColumn newColumn =
            dataGridView1.Columns.GetColumnCount(
            DataGridViewElementStates.Selected) == 1 ?
            dataGridView1.SelectedColumns[0] : null;

        DataGridViewColumn oldColumn = dataGridView1.SortedColumn;
        ListSortDirection direction;

        // If oldColumn is null, then the DataGridView is not currently sorted.
        if (oldColumn != null)
        {
            // Sort the same column again, reversing the SortOrder.
            if (oldColumn == newColumn &&
                dataGridView1.SortOrder == SortOrder.Ascending)
            {
                direction = ListSortDirection.Descending;
            }
            else
            {
                // Sort a new column and remove the old SortGlyph.
                direction = ListSortDirection.Ascending;
                oldColumn.HeaderCell.SortGlyphDirection = SortOrder.None;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            direction = ListSortDirection.Ascending;
        }

        // If no column has been selected, display an error dialog  box.
        if (newColumn == null)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("Select a single column and try again.",
                "Error: Invalid Selection", MessageBoxButtons.OK,
                MessageBoxIcon.Error);
        }
        else
        {
            dataGridView1.Sort(newColumn, direction);
            newColumn.HeaderCell.SortGlyphDirection =
                direction == ListSortDirection.Ascending ?
                SortOrder.Ascending : SortOrder.Descending;
        }
    }
}

Imports System.ComponentModel
Imports System.Windows.Forms

Public Class Form1
    Inherits Form

    Private WithEvents sortButton As New Button()
    Private WithEvents dataGridView1 As New DataGridView()

    ' Initializes the form.
    ' You can replace this code with designer-generated code.
    Public Sub New()
        With dataGridView1
            .Dock = DockStyle.Fill
            .AllowUserToAddRows = False
            .SelectionMode = DataGridViewSelectionMode.ColumnHeaderSelect
            .MultiSelect = False
        End With

        sortButton.Dock = DockStyle.Bottom
        sortButton.Text = "Sort"
 
        Controls.Add(dataGridView1)
        Controls.Add(sortButton)
        Text = "DataGridView programmatic sort demo"

        PopulateDataGridView()
    End Sub

    ' Establish the main entry point for the application.
    <STAThreadAttribute()> _
    Public Shared Sub Main()
        Application.Run(New Form1())
    End Sub

    ' Populates the DataGridView.
    ' Replace this with your own code to populate the DataGridView.
    Public Sub PopulateDataGridView()

        ' Add columns to the DataGridView.
        dataGridView1.ColumnCount = 2
        dataGridView1.Columns(0).HeaderText = "Last Name"
        dataGridView1.Columns(1).HeaderText = "City"
        ' Put the new columns into programmatic sort mode
        dataGridView1.Columns(0).SortMode = _
            DataGridViewColumnSortMode.Programmatic
        dataGridView1.Columns(1).SortMode = _
            DataGridViewColumnSortMode.Programmatic


        ' Populate the DataGridView.
        dataGridView1.Rows.Add(New String() {"Parker", "Seattle"})
        dataGridView1.Rows.Add(New String() {"Watson", "Seattle"})
        dataGridView1.Rows.Add(New String() {"Osborn", "New York"})
        dataGridView1.Rows.Add(New String() {"Jameson", "New York"})
        dataGridView1.Rows.Add(New String() {"Brock", "New Jersey"})
    End Sub

    Private Sub SortButton_Click(ByVal sender As Object, _
        ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles sortButton.Click

        ' Check which column is selected, otherwise set NewColumn to Nothing.
        Dim newColumn As DataGridViewColumn
        If dataGridView1.Columns.GetColumnCount(DataGridViewElementStates _
            .Selected) = 1 Then
            newColumn = dataGridView1.SelectedColumns(0)
        Else
            newColumn = Nothing
        End If

        Dim oldColumn As DataGridViewColumn = dataGridView1.SortedColumn
        Dim direction As ListSortDirection

        ' If oldColumn is null, then the DataGridView is not currently sorted.
        If oldColumn IsNot Nothing Then

            ' Sort the same column again, reversing the SortOrder.
            If oldColumn Is newColumn AndAlso dataGridView1.SortOrder = _
                SortOrder.Ascending Then
                direction = ListSortDirection.Descending
            Else

                ' Sort a new column and remove the old SortGlyph.
                direction = ListSortDirection.Ascending
                oldColumn.HeaderCell.SortGlyphDirection = SortOrder.None
            End If
        Else
            direction = ListSortDirection.Ascending
        End If


        ' If no column has been selected, display an error dialog  box.
        If newColumn Is Nothing Then
            MessageBox.Show("Select a single column and try again.", _
                "Error: Invalid Selection", MessageBoxButtons.OK, _
                MessageBoxIcon.Error)
        Else
            dataGridView1.Sort(newColumn, direction)
            If direction = ListSortDirection.Ascending Then
                newColumn.HeaderCell.SortGlyphDirection = SortOrder.Ascending
            Else
                newColumn.HeaderCell.SortGlyphDirection = SortOrder.Descending
            End If
        End If

    End Sub

End Class

使用 SortCompare 事件进行自定义排序

下面的代码示例演示如何使用 SortCompare 事件处理程序进行自定义排序。所选 DataGridViewColumn 已排序，如果列中存在重复值，则 ID 列用于确定最终顺序。

#region Using directives

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;

#endregion
class Form1 : Form
{
    private DataGridView dataGridView1 = new DataGridView();

    // Establish the main entry point for the application.
    [STAThreadAttribute()]
    static void Main()
    {
        Application.EnableVisualStyles();
        Application.Run(new Form1());
    }

    public Form1()
    {
        // Initialize the form.
        // This code can be replaced with designer generated code.
        dataGridView1.AllowUserToAddRows = false;
        dataGridView1.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
        dataGridView1.SortCompare += new DataGridViewSortCompareEventHandler(
            this.dataGridView1_SortCompare);
        Controls.Add(this.dataGridView1);
        this.Text = "DataGridView.SortCompare demo";

        PopulateDataGridView();
    }

    // Replace this with your own population code.
    public void PopulateDataGridView()
    {
        // Add columns to the DataGridView.
        dataGridView1.ColumnCount = 3;

        // Set the properties of the DataGridView columns.
        dataGridView1.Columns[0].Name = "ID";
        dataGridView1.Columns[1].Name = "Name";
        dataGridView1.Columns[2].Name = "City";
        dataGridView1.Columns["ID"].HeaderText = "ID";
        dataGridView1.Columns["Name"].HeaderText = "Name";
        dataGridView1.Columns["City"].HeaderText = "City";

        // Add rows of data to the DataGridView.
        dataGridView1.Rows.Add(new string[] { "1", "Parker", "Seattle" });
        dataGridView1.Rows.Add(new string[] { "2", "Parker", "New York" });
        dataGridView1.Rows.Add(new string[] { "3", "Watson", "Seattle" });
        dataGridView1.Rows.Add(new string[] { "4", "Jameson", "New Jersey" });
        dataGridView1.Rows.Add(new string[] { "5", "Brock", "New York" });
        dataGridView1.Rows.Add(new string[] { "6", "Conner", "Portland" });

        // Autosize the columns.
        dataGridView1.AutoResizeColumns();
    }

    private void dataGridView1_SortCompare(object sender,
        DataGridViewSortCompareEventArgs e)
    {
        // Try to sort based on the cells in the current column.
        e.SortResult = System.String.Compare(
            e.CellValue1.ToString(), e.CellValue2.ToString());

        // If the cells are equal, sort based on the ID column.
        if (e.SortResult == 0 && e.Column.Name != "ID")
        {
            e.SortResult = System.String.Compare(
                dataGridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex1].Cells["ID"].Value.ToString(),
                dataGridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex2].Cells["ID"].Value.ToString());
        }
        e.Handled = true;
    }
}

Imports System.Windows.Forms

Public Class Form1
    Inherits Form

    Private WithEvents DataGridView1 As New DataGridView()

    ' Establish the main entry point for the application.
    <STAThreadAttribute()> _
    Public Shared Sub Main()
        Application.Run(New Form1())
    End Sub

    Public Sub New()
        ' Initialize the form.
        ' This code can be replaced with designer generated code.
        Me.DataGridView1.AllowUserToAddRows = False
        Me.DataGridView1.Dock = DockStyle.Fill
        Me.Controls.Add(Me.DataGridView1)
        Me.Text = "DataGridView.SortCompare demo"

        Me.PopulateDataGridView()
    End Sub

    '<snippet20>'
    ' Replace this with your own population code.
    Private Sub PopulateDataGridView()
        With Me.DataGridView1
            ' Add columns to the DataGridView.
            .ColumnCount = 3

            ' Set the properties of the DataGridView columns.
            .Columns(0).Name = "ID"
            .Columns(1).Name = "Name"
            .Columns(2).Name = "City"
            .Columns("ID").HeaderText = "ID"
            .Columns("Name").HeaderText = "Name"
            .Columns("City").HeaderText = "City"
        End With

        ' Add rows of data to the DataGridView.
        With Me.DataGridView1.Rows
            .Add(New String() {"1", "Parker", "Seattle"})
            .Add(New String() {"2", "Parker", "New York"})
            .Add(New String() {"3", "Watson", "Seattle"})
            .Add(New String() {"4", "Jameson", "New Jersey"})
            .Add(New String() {"5", "Brock", "New York"})
            .Add(New String() {"6", "Conner", "Portland"})
        End With

        ' Autosize the columns.
        Me.DataGridView1.AutoResizeColumns()
 
    End Sub

    Private Sub DataGridView1_SortCompare( _
        ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As DataGridViewSortCompareEventArgs) _
        Handles DataGridView1.SortCompare

        ' Try to sort based on the contents of the cell in the current column.
        e.SortResult = System.String.Compare(e.CellValue1.ToString(), _
            e.CellValue2.ToString())

        ' If the cells are equal, sort based on the ID column.
        If (e.SortResult = 0) AndAlso Not (e.Column.Name = "ID") Then
            e.SortResult = System.String.Compare( _
                DataGridView1.Rows(e.RowIndex1).Cells("ID").Value.ToString(), _
                DataGridView1.Rows(e.RowIndex2).Cells("ID").Value.ToString())
        End If

        e.Handled = True

    End Sub
End Class

使用 IComparer 接口进行自定义排序

下面的代码示例演示如何使用 Sort(IComparer) 方法的 Sort 重载进行自定义排序，该方法采用 IComparer 接口的实现来执行多列排序。

#region Using directives

using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;

#endregion

class Form1 : Form
{
    private DataGridView DataGridView1 = new DataGridView();
    private FlowLayoutPanel FlowLayoutPanel1 = new FlowLayoutPanel();
    private Button Button1 = new Button();
    private RadioButton RadioButton1 = new RadioButton();
    private RadioButton RadioButton2 = new RadioButton();

    // Establish the main entry point for the application.
    [STAThreadAttribute()]
    public static void Main()
    {
        Application.Run(new Form1());
    }

    public Form1()
    {
        // Initialize the form.
        // This code can be replaced with designer generated code.
        AutoSize = true;
        Text = "DataGridView IComparer sort demo";

        FlowLayoutPanel1.FlowDirection = FlowDirection.TopDown;
        FlowLayoutPanel1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point( 304, 0 );
        FlowLayoutPanel1.AutoSize = true;

        FlowLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add( RadioButton1 );
        FlowLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add( RadioButton2 );
        FlowLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add( Button1 );

        Button1.Text = "Sort";
        RadioButton1.Text = "Ascending";
        RadioButton2.Text = "Descending";
        RadioButton1.Checked = true;

        Controls.Add( FlowLayoutPanel1 );
        Controls.Add( DataGridView1 );
    }

    protected override void OnLoad( EventArgs e )
    {
        PopulateDataGridView();
        Button1.Click += new EventHandler(Button1_Click);

        base.OnLoad( e );
    }

    // Replace this with your own code to populate the DataGridView.
    private void PopulateDataGridView()
    {

        DataGridView1.Size = new Size(300, 300);

        // Add columns to the DataGridView.
        DataGridView1.ColumnCount = 2;

        // Set the properties of the DataGridView columns.
        DataGridView1.Columns[0].Name = "First";
        DataGridView1.Columns[1].Name = "Last";
        DataGridView1.Columns["First"].HeaderText = "First Name";
        DataGridView1.Columns["Last"].HeaderText = "Last Name";
        DataGridView1.Columns["First"].SortMode =
            DataGridViewColumnSortMode.Programmatic;
        DataGridView1.Columns["Last"].SortMode =
            DataGridViewColumnSortMode.Programmatic;

        // Add rows of data to the DataGridView.
        DataGridView1.Rows.Add(new string[] { "Peter", "Parker" });
        DataGridView1.Rows.Add(new string[] { "James", "Jameson" });
        DataGridView1.Rows.Add(new string[] { "May", "Parker" });
        DataGridView1.Rows.Add(new string[] { "Mary", "Watson" });
        DataGridView1.Rows.Add(new string[] { "Eddie", "Brock" });
    }

    private void Button1_Click( object sender, EventArgs e )
    {
        if ( RadioButton1.Checked == true )
        {
            DataGridView1.Sort( new RowComparer( SortOrder.Ascending ) );
        }
        else if ( RadioButton2.Checked == true )
        {
            DataGridView1.Sort( new RowComparer( SortOrder.Descending ) );
        }
    }

    private class RowComparer : System.Collections.IComparer
    {
        private static int sortOrderModifier = 1;

        public RowComparer(SortOrder sortOrder)
        {
            if (sortOrder == SortOrder.Descending)
            {
                sortOrderModifier = -1;
            }
            else if (sortOrder == SortOrder.Ascending)
            {
                sortOrderModifier = 1;
            }
        }

        public int Compare(object x, object y)
        {
            DataGridViewRow DataGridViewRow1 = (DataGridViewRow)x;
            DataGridViewRow DataGridViewRow2 = (DataGridViewRow)y;

            // Try to sort based on the Last Name column.
            int CompareResult = System.String.Compare(
                DataGridViewRow1.Cells[1].Value.ToString(),
                DataGridViewRow2.Cells[1].Value.ToString());

            // If the Last Names are equal, sort based on the First Name.
            if ( CompareResult == 0 )
            {
                CompareResult = System.String.Compare(
                    DataGridViewRow1.Cells[0].Value.ToString(),
                    DataGridViewRow2.Cells[0].Value.ToString());
            }
            return CompareResult * sortOrderModifier;
        }
    }
}

Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.Windows.Forms

Public Class Form1
    Inherits Form

    Private WithEvents DataGridView1 As New DataGridView()
    Private FlowLayoutPanel1 As New FlowLayoutPanel()
    Private WithEvents Button1 As New Button()
    Private RadioButton1 As New RadioButton()
    Private RadioButton2 As New RadioButton()

    ' Establish the main entry point for the application.
    <STAThreadAttribute()> _
    Public Shared Sub Main()
        Application.Run(New Form1())
    End Sub

    Public Sub New()
        ' Initialize the form.
        ' This code can be replaced with designer generated code.
        AutoSize = True
        Text = "DataGridView IComparer sort demo"

        FlowLayoutPanel1.FlowDirection = FlowDirection.TopDown
        FlowLayoutPanel1.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(304, 0)
        FlowLayoutPanel1.AutoSize = True

        FlowLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add(RadioButton1)
        FlowLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add(RadioButton2)
        FlowLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add(Button1)

        Button1.Text = "Sort"
        RadioButton1.Text = "Ascending"
        RadioButton2.Text = "Descending"
        RadioButton1.Checked = True

        Controls.Add(FlowLayoutPanel1)
        Controls.Add(DataGridView1)

        PopulateDataGridView()
    End Sub

    ' Replace this with your own code to populate the DataGridView.
    Private Sub PopulateDataGridView()

        DataGridView1.Size = New Size(300, 300)

        ' Add columns to the DataGridView.
        DataGridView1.ColumnCount = 2

        ' Set the properties of the DataGridView columns.
        DataGridView1.Columns(0).Name = "First"
        DataGridView1.Columns(1).Name = "Last"
        DataGridView1.Columns("First").HeaderText = "First Name"
        DataGridView1.Columns("Last").HeaderText = "Last Name"
        DataGridView1.Columns("First").SortMode = _
            DataGridViewColumnSortMode.Programmatic
        DataGridView1.Columns("Last").SortMode = _
            DataGridViewColumnSortMode.Programmatic

        ' Add rows of data to the DataGridView.
        DataGridView1.Rows.Add(New String() {"Peter", "Parker"})
        DataGridView1.Rows.Add(New String() {"James", "Jameson"})
        DataGridView1.Rows.Add(New String() {"May", "Parker"})
        DataGridView1.Rows.Add(New String() {"Mary", "Watson"})
        DataGridView1.Rows.Add(New String() {"Eddie", "Brock"})
    End Sub

    Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) _
    Handles Button1.Click
        If RadioButton1.Checked = True Then
            DataGridView1.Sort(New RowComparer(SortOrder.Ascending))
        ElseIf RadioButton2.Checked = True Then
            DataGridView1.Sort(New RowComparer(SortOrder.Descending))
        End If
    End Sub

    Private Class RowComparer
        Implements System.Collections.IComparer

        Private sortOrderModifier As Integer = 1

        Public Sub New(ByVal sortOrder As SortOrder)
            If sortOrder = sortOrder.Descending Then
                sortOrderModifier = -1
            ElseIf sortOrder = sortOrder.Ascending Then

                sortOrderModifier = 1
            End If
        End Sub

        Public Function Compare(ByVal x As Object, ByVal y As Object) As Integer _
            Implements System.Collections.IComparer.Compare

            Dim DataGridViewRow1 As DataGridViewRow = CType(x, DataGridViewRow)
            Dim DataGridViewRow2 As DataGridViewRow = CType(y, DataGridViewRow)

            ' Try to sort based on the Last Name column.
            Dim CompareResult As Integer = System.String.Compare( _
                DataGridViewRow1.Cells(1).Value.ToString(), _
                DataGridViewRow2.Cells(1).Value.ToString())

            ' If the Last Names are equal, sort based on the First Name.
            If CompareResult = 0 Then
                CompareResult = System.String.Compare( _
                    DataGridViewRow1.Cells(0).Value.ToString(), _
                    DataGridViewRow2.Cells(0).Value.ToString())
            End If
            Return CompareResult * sortOrderModifier
        End Function
    End Class
End Class

编译代码

这些示例需要：

对 System、System.Drawing 和 System.Windows.Forms 程序集的引用。

通过

如何在 Windows 窗体 DataGridView 控件中定制排序

编程排序

使用 SortCompare 事件进行自定义排序

使用 IComparer 接口进行自定义排序

编译代码

另请参阅

其他资源