Entity Framework 中的导航属性是用于在关联末尾查找实体的快捷属性。 导航属性允许用户从一个实体导航到另一个实体，或通过关联集从一个实体导航到相关实体。 本主题提供查询表达式语法中的示例，说明如何在 LINQ to Entities 查询中通过导航属性导航访问关系。
这些示例中使用的 AdventureWorks 销售模型基于 AdventureWorks 示例数据库中的 Contact、Address、Product、SalesOrderHeader 和 SalesOrderDetail 表生成。
本主题中的示例使用以下 using/Imports 语句：
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Data.Objects;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Data.EntityClient;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Data.Common;
Option Explicit On
Option Strict On
Imports System.Data.Objects
Imports System.Globalization
示例 1
下面的示例使用Select方法获取所有联系人 ID，并计算每个联系人的欠款总额，其中这些联系人的姓氏为“周”。 Contact.SalesOrderHeader 导航属性用于获取每个联系人的 SalesOrderHeader 对象的集合。 Sum 方法使用 Contact.SalesOrderHeader 导航属性以汇总每个联系人的所有订单的应付款总计。
string lastName = "Zhou";
using (AdventureWorksEntities context = new AdventureWorksEntities())
{
ObjectSet<Contact> contacts = context.Contacts;
var ordersQuery = from contact in contacts
where contact.LastName == lastName
select new
{
ContactID = contact.ContactID,
Total = contact.SalesOrderHeaders.Sum(o => o.TotalDue)
};
foreach (var contact in ordersQuery)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Contact ID: {contact.ContactID} Orders total: {contact.Total}");
}
}
Dim lastName = "Zhou"
Using context As New AdventureWorksEntities
Dim contacts As ObjectSet(Of Contact) = context.Contacts
Dim ordersQuery = From contact In contacts _
Where contact.LastName = lastName _
Select New With _
{.ContactID = contact.ContactID, _
.Total = contact.SalesOrderHeaders.Sum(Function(o) o.TotalDue)}
For Each order In ordersQuery
Console.WriteLine("Contact ID: {0} Orders total: {1}", order.ContactID, order.Total)
Next
End Using
示例 2
以下示例代码获取其姓氏为“周”的联系人的所有订单。 Contact.SalesOrderHeader 导航属性用于获取每个联系人的 SalesOrderHeader 对象的集合。 联系人的姓名和订单以匿名类型返回。
string lastName = "Zhou";
using (AdventureWorksEntities context = new AdventureWorksEntities())
{
ObjectSet<Contact> contacts = context.Contacts;
var ordersQuery = from contact in contacts
where contact.LastName == lastName
select new { LastName = contact.LastName, Orders = contact.SalesOrderHeaders };
foreach (var order in ordersQuery)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Name: {order.LastName}");
foreach (SalesOrderHeader orderInfo in order.Orders)
{
Console.WriteLine("Order ID: {0}, Order date: {1}, Total Due: {2}",
orderInfo.SalesOrderID, orderInfo.OrderDate, orderInfo.TotalDue);
}
Console.WriteLine("");
}
}
Dim lastName = "Zhou"
Using context As New AdventureWorksEntities
Dim contacts As ObjectSet(Of Contact) = context.Contacts
Dim ordersQuery = From contact In contacts _
Where contact.LastName = lastName _
Select New With _
{.LastName = contact.LastName, _
.Orders = contact.SalesOrderHeaders}
For Each order In ordersQuery
Console.WriteLine("Name: {0}", order.LastName)
For Each orderInfo In order.Orders
Console.WriteLine("Order ID: {0}, Order date: {1}, Total Due: {2}", _
orderInfo.SalesOrderID, orderInfo.OrderDate, orderInfo.TotalDue)
Next
Console.WriteLine("")
Next
End Using
示例 3
以下示例使用 SalesOrderHeader.Address 和 SalesOrderHeader.Contact 导航属性来获取与每个订单关联的 Address 和 Contact 对象集合。 联系人的姓氏、街道地址、销售订单号，以及每个运往西雅图订单的到期总额均以匿名类型返回。
string city = "Seattle";
using (AdventureWorksEntities context = new AdventureWorksEntities())
{
ObjectSet<SalesOrderHeader> orders = context.SalesOrderHeaders;
var ordersQuery = from order in orders
where order.Address.City == city
select new
{
ContactLastName = order.Contact.LastName,
ContactFirstName = order.Contact.FirstName,
StreetAddress = order.Address.AddressLine1,
OrderNumber = order.SalesOrderNumber,
TotalDue = order.TotalDue
};
foreach (var orderInfo in ordersQuery)
{
Console.WriteLine("Name: {0}, {1}", orderInfo.ContactLastName, orderInfo.ContactFirstName);
Console.WriteLine($"Street address: {orderInfo.StreetAddress}");
Console.WriteLine($"Order number: {orderInfo.OrderNumber}");
Console.WriteLine($"Total Due: {orderInfo.TotalDue}");
Console.WriteLine("");
}
}
Dim city = "Seattle"
Using context As New AdventureWorksEntities
Dim orders As ObjectSet(Of SalesOrderHeader) = context.SalesOrderHeaders
Dim ordersQuery = From order In orders _
Where order.Address.City = city _
Select New With { _
.ContactLastName = order.Contact.LastName, _
.ContactFirstName = order.Contact.FirstName, _
.StreetAddress = order.Address.AddressLine1, _
.OrderNumber = order.SalesOrderNumber, _
.TotalDue = order.TotalDue}
For Each orderInfo In ordersQuery
Console.WriteLine("Name: {0}, {1}", orderInfo.ContactLastName, orderInfo.ContactFirstName)
Console.WriteLine("Street address: {0}", orderInfo.StreetAddress)
Console.WriteLine("Order number: {0}", orderInfo.OrderNumber)
Console.WriteLine("Total Due: {0}", orderInfo.TotalDue)
Console.WriteLine("")
Next
End Using
示例 4
下面的示例使用该方法 Where 查找在 2003 年 12 月 1 日之后发出的订单，然后使用 order.SalesOrderDetail 导航属性获取每个订单的详细信息。
using (AdventureWorksEntities context = new AdventureWorksEntities())
{
IQueryable<SalesOrderHeader> query =
from order in context.SalesOrderHeaders
where order.OrderDate >= new DateTime(2003, 12, 1)
select order;
Console.WriteLine("Orders that were made after December 1, 2003:");
foreach (SalesOrderHeader order in query)
{
Console.WriteLine($"OrderID {order.SalesOrderID} Order date: {order.OrderDate:d} ");
foreach (SalesOrderDetail orderDetail in order.SalesOrderDetails)
{
Console.WriteLine($" Product ID: {orderDetail.ProductID} Unit Price {orderDetail.UnitPrice}");
}
}
}
Using context As New AdventureWorksEntities
Dim orders As ObjectSet(Of SalesOrderHeader) = context.SalesOrderHeaders
Dim query = _
From order In orders _
Where order.OrderDate >= New DateTime(2003, 12, 1) _
Select order
Console.WriteLine("Orders that were made after December 1, 2003:")
For Each order In query
Console.WriteLine("OrderID {0} Order date: {1:d} ", _
order.SalesOrderID, order.OrderDate)
For Each orderDetail In order.SalesOrderDetails
Console.WriteLine(" Product ID: {0} Unit Price {1}", _
orderDetail.ProductID, orderDetail.UnitPrice)
Next
Next
End Using