如何：用反射发出定义泛型方法

2025-06-18

第一个过程演示如何创建具有两个类型参数的简单泛型方法，以及如何将类约束、接口约束和特殊约束应用于类型参数。

第二个过程演示如何发出方法主体，以及如何使用泛型方法的类型参数来创建泛型类型的实例并调用其方法。

第三个过程演示如何调用泛型方法。

重要

方法不是泛型方法，只是因为它属于泛型类型并使用该类型的类型参数。仅当方法具有自己的类型参数列表时，该方法才为泛型方法。泛型方法可以出现在非泛型类型上，如以下示例所示。有关泛型类型上的非泛型方法示例，请参阅如何：使用反射发出定义泛型类型。

定义泛型方法

在开始之前，查看使用高级语言编写时泛型方法的显示方式非常有用。本文的示例代码中包含以下代码，以及调用泛型方法的代码。该方法有两个类型参数， TInput 其中 TOutput第二个参数必须是引用类型（class）、必须具有无参数构造函数（new），并且必须实现 ICollection<TInput>。此接口约束可确保 ICollection<T>.Add 该方法可用于将元素添加到 TOutput 方法创建的集合中。该方法有一个正式参数 input，它是一个 TInput 类型的数组。该方法创建一个类型 TOutput 集合，并将元素 input 复制到集合中。
```
public static TOutput Factory<TInput, TOutput>(TInput[] tarray)
    where TOutput : class, ICollection<TInput>, new()
{
    TOutput ret = new TOutput();
    ICollection<TInput> ic = ret;

    foreach (TInput t in tarray)
    {
        ic.Add(t);
    }
    return ret;
}
```
```
Public Shared Function Factory(Of TInput, _
    TOutput As {ICollection(Of TInput), Class, New}) _
    (ByVal input() As TInput) As TOutput

    Dim retval As New TOutput()
    Dim ic As ICollection(Of TInput) = retval

    For Each t As TInput In input
        ic.Add(t)
    Next

    Return retval
End Function
```

定义动态程序集和动态模块，以包含泛型方法所属的类型。在这种情况下，程序集只有一个模块，命名 DemoMethodBuilder1，模块名称与程序集名称加上扩展相同。在此示例中，程序集将保存到磁盘并执行，因此 AssemblyBuilderAccess.RunAndSave 指定。可以使用 Ildasm.exe（IL 反汇编程序）检查 DemoMethodBuilder1.dll，并将其与步骤 1 中显示的方法的公共中间语言（CIL）进行比较。

AssemblyName asmName = new AssemblyName("DemoMethodBuilder1");
AppDomain domain = AppDomain.CurrentDomain;
AssemblyBuilder demoAssembly =
    domain.DefineDynamicAssembly(asmName,
        AssemblyBuilderAccess.RunAndSave);

// Define the module that contains the code. For an
// assembly with one module, the module name is the
// assembly name plus a file extension.
ModuleBuilder demoModule =
    demoAssembly.DefineDynamicModule(asmName.Name,
        asmName.Name+".dll");

Dim asmName As New AssemblyName("DemoMethodBuilder1")
Dim domain As AppDomain = AppDomain.CurrentDomain
Dim demoAssembly As AssemblyBuilder = _
    domain.DefineDynamicAssembly(asmName, _
        AssemblyBuilderAccess.RunAndSave)

' Define the module that contains the code. For an 
' assembly with one module, the module name is the 
' assembly name plus a file extension.
Dim demoModule As ModuleBuilder = _
    demoAssembly.DefineDynamicModule( _
        asmName.Name, _
        asmName.Name & ".dll")

定义泛型方法所属的类型。类型不必是泛型类型。泛型方法可以属于泛型或非泛型类型。在此示例中，该类型是类，不是泛型，并且命名 DemoType。
```
TypeBuilder demoType =
    demoModule.DefineType("DemoType", TypeAttributes.Public);
```
```
Dim demoType As TypeBuilder = demoModule.DefineType( _
    "DemoType", _
    TypeAttributes.Public)
```
定义泛型方法。如果泛型方法的正式参数的类型是由泛型方法的泛型类型参数指定的，请使用 DefineMethod(String, MethodAttributes) 方法重载来定义该方法。方法的泛型类型参数尚未定义，因此不能在调用 DefineMethod中指定方法的正式参数的类型。在此示例中，该方法被命名为 Factory。该方法为公共方法（staticShared在 Visual Basic 中）。
```
MethodBuilder factory =
    demoType.DefineMethod("Factory",
        MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.Static);
```
```
Dim factory As MethodBuilder = _
    demoType.DefineMethod("Factory", _
        MethodAttributes.Public Or MethodAttributes.Static)
```

要定义DemoMethod的泛型类型参数，请将包含参数名称的字符串数组传递给MethodBuilder.DefineGenericParameters方法。这使得该方法成为泛型方法。以下代码将 Factory 变成一个使用类型参数 TInput 和 TOutput 的泛型方法。为了使代码更易于读取，会创建具有这些名称的变量来保存 GenericTypeParameterBuilder 表示两个类型参数的对象。

string[] typeParameterNames = {"TInput", "TOutput"};
GenericTypeParameterBuilder[] typeParameters =
    factory.DefineGenericParameters(typeParameterNames);

GenericTypeParameterBuilder TInput = typeParameters[0];
GenericTypeParameterBuilder TOutput = typeParameters[1];

Dim typeParameterNames() As String = {"TInput", "TOutput"}
Dim typeParameters() As GenericTypeParameterBuilder = _
    factory.DefineGenericParameters(typeParameterNames)

Dim TInput As GenericTypeParameterBuilder = typeParameters(0)
Dim TOutput As GenericTypeParameterBuilder = typeParameters(1)

（可选）向类型参数添加特殊约束。使用该方法SetGenericParameterAttributes添加特殊约束。在此示例中，TOutput 被约束为引用类型，并且必须具有无参数的构造函数。

TOutput.SetGenericParameterAttributes(
    GenericParameterAttributes.ReferenceTypeConstraint |
    GenericParameterAttributes.DefaultConstructorConstraint);

TOutput.SetGenericParameterAttributes( _
    GenericParameterAttributes.ReferenceTypeConstraint Or _
    GenericParameterAttributes.DefaultConstructorConstraint)

（可选）向类型参数添加类和接口约束。在此示例中，类型参数 TOutput 受限于实现 ICollection(Of TInput) （ICollection<TInput> 在 C#）接口中的类型。这可确保 Add 该方法可用于添加元素。

Type icoll = typeof(ICollection<>);
Type icollOfTInput = icoll.MakeGenericType(TInput);
Type[] constraints = {icollOfTInput};
TOutput.SetInterfaceConstraints(constraints);

Dim icoll As Type = GetType(ICollection(Of ))
Dim icollOfTInput As Type = icoll.MakeGenericType(TInput)
Dim constraints() As Type = {icollOfTInput}
TOutput.SetInterfaceConstraints(constraints)

使用SetParameters方法来定义方法的正式参数。在此示例中，该方法 Factory 有一个参数，即一个数组 TInput。此类型是通过在表示MakeArrayType的GenericTypeParameterBuilder上调用TInput方法创建的。 SetParameters 参数是包含 Type 对象的数组。
```
Type[] parms = {TInput.MakeArrayType()};
factory.SetParameters(parms);
```
```
Dim params() As Type = {TInput.MakeArrayType()}
factory.SetParameters(params)
```
使用 SetReturnType 该方法定义方法的返回类型。在此示例中，返回一个TOutput实例。
```
factory.SetReturnType(TOutput);
```
```
factory.SetReturnType(TOutput)
```
使用 ILGenerator 生成方法体。有关详细信息，请参阅附带的用于发出方法体的过程。

重要

发出对泛型类型的方法的调用，并且这些类型的类型参数是泛型方法的类型参数时，必须使用staticGetConstructor(Type, ConstructorInfo)GetMethod(Type, MethodInfo)GetField(Type, FieldInfo)类的TypeBuilder方法重载来获取方法的构造形式。发出方法主体的附带过程提供了相关演示。

完成包含该方法的类型，并保存程序集。调用泛型方法的随附过程显示了调用已完成方法的两种方法。

// Complete the type.
Type dt = demoType.CreateType();
// Save the assembly, so it can be examined with Ildasm.exe.
demoAssembly.Save(asmName.Name+".dll");

' Complete the type.
Dim dt As Type = demoType.CreateType()
' Save the assembly, so it can be examined with Ildasm.exe.
demoAssembly.Save(asmName.Name & ".dll")

发出方法主体

获取代码生成器并声明局部变量和标签。该方法 DeclareLocal 用于声明局部变量。 Factory 方法具有四个局部变量：retVal，用于保留该方法返回的新 TOutput；ic，用于在 TOutput 强制转换成 ICollection<TInput> 时进行保留；input，用于保留 TInput 对象的输入数组；index，用于循环访问数组。该方法还有两个标签，一个用于输入循环（enterLoop）和一个用于循环顶部（loopAgain），使用 DefineLabel 该方法定义。

该方法做的第一件事是使用Ldarg_0指令加载其参数，并使用input指令将其存储在本地变量Stloc_S中。

ILGenerator ilgen = factory.GetILGenerator();

LocalBuilder retVal = ilgen.DeclareLocal(TOutput);
LocalBuilder ic = ilgen.DeclareLocal(icollOfTInput);
LocalBuilder input = ilgen.DeclareLocal(TInput.MakeArrayType());
LocalBuilder index = ilgen.DeclareLocal(typeof(int));

Label enterLoop = ilgen.DefineLabel();
Label loopAgain = ilgen.DefineLabel();

ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc_S, input);

Dim ilgen As ILGenerator = factory.GetILGenerator()

Dim retVal As LocalBuilder = ilgen.DeclareLocal(TOutput)
Dim ic As LocalBuilder = ilgen.DeclareLocal(icollOfTInput)
Dim input As LocalBuilder = _
    ilgen.DeclareLocal(TInput.MakeArrayType())
Dim index As LocalBuilder = _
    ilgen.DeclareLocal(GetType(Integer))

Dim enterLoop As Label = ilgen.DefineLabel()
Dim loopAgain As Label = ilgen.DefineLabel()

ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0)
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc_S, input)

使用 TOutput 方法的泛型方法重载，发出代码，创建 Activator.CreateInstance 的实例。使用此重载需要指定类型具有无参数构造函数，这是将该约束添加到 TOutput其中的原因。通过将 TOutput 传递给 MakeGenericMethod 来创建构造的泛型方法。在发出代码以调用该方法后，使用 retVal 发出代码以将其存储在局部变量 Stloc_S 中。

MethodInfo createInst =
    typeof(Activator).GetMethod("CreateInstance", Type.EmptyTypes);
MethodInfo createInstOfTOutput =
    createInst.MakeGenericMethod(TOutput);

ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Call, createInstOfTOutput);
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc_S, retVal);

Dim createInst As MethodInfo = _
    GetType(Activator).GetMethod("CreateInstance", Type.EmptyTypes)
Dim createInstOfTOutput As MethodInfo = _
    createInst.MakeGenericMethod(TOutput)

ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Call, createInstOfTOutput)
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc_S, retVal)

发出代码以将新 TOutput 对象 ICollection(Of TInput) 强制转换为本地变量并将其存储在局部变量 ic中。

ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, retVal);
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Box, TOutput);
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Castclass, icollOfTInput);
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc_S, ic);

ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, retVal)
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Box, TOutput)
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Castclass, icollOfTInput)
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc_S, ic)

获取表示 MethodInfo 方法的 ICollection<T>.Add。该方法作用于一个ICollection<TInput>，因此需要获取适用于该构建类型的Add方法。不能使用 GetMethod 方法直接从 MethodInfo 获取 icollOfTInput，因为 GetMethod 在已使用 GenericTypeParameterBuilder 构造的类型上不受支持。而应该在包含 GetMethod 泛型接口的泛型类型定义的 icoll 上调用 ICollection<T>。然后，使用 GetMethod(Type, MethodInfo)static 方法生成构造类型的MethodInfo。以下代码演示了这一点。
```
MethodInfo mAddPrep = icoll.GetMethod("Add");
MethodInfo mAdd = TypeBuilder.GetMethod(icollOfTInput, mAddPrep);
```
```
Dim mAddPrep As MethodInfo = icoll.GetMethod("Add")
Dim mAdd As MethodInfo = _
    TypeBuilder.GetMethod(icollOfTInput, mAddPrep)
```

通过加载 32 位整数 0 并将其存储在变量中来发出代码来初始化 index 变量。发出代码，分支到标签 enterLoop。此标签尚未标记，因为它位于循环中。循环的代码在下一步发出。

// Initialize the count and enter the loop.
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc_S, index);
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Br_S, enterLoop);

' Initialize the count and enter the loop.
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0)
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc_S, index)
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Br_S, enterLoop)

发出该循环的代码。第一步是通过 MarkLabel 标签调用 loopAgain，标记循环的顶部。使用标签的分支语句现在将在代码中分支到此点。下一步是将TOutput对象强制转换为ICollection(Of TInput)，然后推入堆栈。它不需要立即，但需要处于调用 Add 方法的位置。接下来，将输入数组推送到堆栈上，然后将 index 包含当前索引的变量推送到数组中。 Ldelem 操作码从堆栈中弹出该索引和数组，然后将索引数组元素推入堆栈。堆栈现在已准备好调用 ICollection<T>.Add 该方法，该方法将集合和新元素从堆栈中弹出，并将元素添加到集合中。

循环中的其余代码会递增索引，并测试循环是否完成：索引和 32 位整数 1 被推送到堆栈上并添加，将总和保留在堆栈上：总和存储在 index. MarkLabel 调用将此点设置为循环的入口点。再次加载索引。输入数组被推送到堆栈上，然后发出 Ldlen 以获取其长度。索引和长度现位于堆栈中，发出 Clt 对二者进行比较。如果索引小于总长度，则 Brtrue_S 会转回到循环的开头。
```
ilgen.MarkLabel(loopAgain);

ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, ic);
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, input);
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, index);
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldelem, TInput);
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, mAdd);

ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, index);
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1);
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Add);
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc_S, index);

ilgen.MarkLabel(enterLoop);
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, index);
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, input);
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldlen);
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_I4);
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Clt);
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Brtrue_S, loopAgain);
```
```
ilgen.MarkLabel(loopAgain)

ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, ic)
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, input)
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, index)
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldelem, TInput)
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, mAdd)

ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, index)
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1)
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Add)
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc_S, index)

ilgen.MarkLabel(enterLoop)
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, index)
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, input)
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldlen)
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_I4)
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Clt)
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Brtrue_S, loopAgain)
```
发出代码以将 TOutput 对象推送到堆栈，并从方法返回。局部变量 retVal 和 ic 两者都包含对新 TOutput项的引用; ic 仅用于访问 ICollection<T>.Add 该方法。
```
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, retVal);
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
```
```
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, retVal)
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ret)
```

调用泛型方法

Factory 是泛型方法定义。若要调用它，必须将类型分配给其泛型类型参数。使用 MakeGenericMethod 方法执行此操作。以下代码创建一个构造的泛型方法，指定 String 和 TInputList(Of String) （List<string> 在 C# 中） TOutput并显示方法的字符串表示形式。

MethodInfo m = dt.GetMethod("Factory");
MethodInfo bound =
    m.MakeGenericMethod(typeof(string), typeof(List<string>));

// Display a string representing the bound method.
Console.WriteLine(bound);

Dim m As MethodInfo = dt.GetMethod("Factory")
Dim bound As MethodInfo = m.MakeGenericMethod( _
    GetType(String), GetType(List(Of String)))

' Display a string representing the bound method.
Console.WriteLine(bound)

若要以后期绑定的形式调用该方法，请使用 Invoke 方法。下面的代码将创建一个数组 Object，其中包含作为字符串数组的唯一元素，并将其作为泛型方法的参数列表传递。第一个参数 Invoke 是空引用，因为该方法是 static。将返回值转换为List(Of String)，并显示其第一个元素。
```
object o = bound.Invoke(null, new object[]{arr});
List<string> list2 = (List<string>) o;

Console.WriteLine($"The first element is: {list2[0]}");
```
```
Dim o As Object = bound.Invoke(Nothing, New Object() {arr})
Dim list2 As List(Of String) = CType(o, List(Of String))

Console.WriteLine("The first element is: {0}", list2(0))
```

若要使用委托调用该方法，必须具有与构造泛型方法签名匹配的委托。实现上述目标的一种简便方式是创建一个泛型委托。以下代码使用D方法重载创建示例代码中定义的泛型委托Delegate.CreateDelegate(Type, MethodInfo)的实例，并调用委托。委托的性能优于后期绑定调用的性能。

Type dType = typeof(D<string, List <string>>);
D<string, List <string>> test;
test = (D<string, List <string>>)
    Delegate.CreateDelegate(dType, bound);

List<string> list3 = test(arr);
Console.WriteLine($"The first element is: {list3[0]}");

Dim dType As Type = GetType(D(Of String, List(Of String)))
Dim test As D(Of String, List(Of String))
test = CType( _
    [Delegate].CreateDelegate(dType, bound), _
    D(Of String, List(Of String)))

Dim list3 As List(Of String) = test(arr)
Console.WriteLine("The first element is: {0}", list3(0))

也可以从引用已保存程序集的程序中调用生成的方法。

示例：

下面的代码示例使用泛型方法DemoType创建非泛型类型Factory。此方法具有两个泛型类型参数， TInput 用于指定输入类型和 TOutput 指定输出类型。类型参数 TOutput 受到限制条件：必须实现 ICollection<TInput>（在 Visual Basic 中是 ICollection(Of TInput)），必须是引用类型，并且必须具有无参数构造函数。

该方法有一个形式参数，它是一个TInput数组。该方法返回一个包含输入数组的所有元素的实例 TOutput 。 TOutput 可以是实现 ICollection<T> 泛型接口的任何泛型集合类型。

执行代码时，动态程序集将保存为 DemoGenericMethod1.dll，可以使用 Ildasm.exe（IL 反汇编程序）进行检查。

注释

了解如何发出代码的一个好方法是编写执行尝试发出的任务的程序，并使用反汇编程序检查编译器生成的 CIL。

该代码示例包括与发出的方法等效的源代码。发出的方法也是通过使用代码示例中声明的泛型委托，以后期绑定的形式调用的。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Reflection.Emit;

// Declare a generic delegate that can be used to execute the
// finished method.
//
public delegate TOut D<TIn, TOut>(TIn[] input);

class GenericMethodBuilder
{
    // This method shows how to declare, in Visual Basic, the generic
    // method this program emits. The method has two type parameters,
    // TInput and TOutput, the second of which must be a reference type
    // (class), must have a parameterless constructor (new()), and must
    // implement ICollection<TInput>. This interface constraint
    // ensures that ICollection<TInput>.Add can be used to add
    // elements to the TOutput object the method creates. The method
    // has one formal parameter, input, which is an array of TInput.
    // The elements of this array are copied to the new TOutput.
    //
    public static TOutput Factory<TInput, TOutput>(TInput[] tarray)
        where TOutput : class, ICollection<TInput>, new()
    {
        TOutput ret = new TOutput();
        ICollection<TInput> ic = ret;

        foreach (TInput t in tarray)
        {
            ic.Add(t);
        }
        return ret;
    }

    public static void Main()
    {
        // The following shows the usage syntax of the C#
        // version of the generic method emitted by this program.
        // Note that the generic parameters must be specified
        // explicitly, because the compiler does not have enough
        // context to infer the type of TOutput. In this case, TOutput
        // is a generic List containing strings.
        //
        string[] arr = {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"};
        List<string> list1 =
            GenericMethodBuilder.Factory<string, List <string>>(arr);
        Console.WriteLine($"The first element is: {list1[0]}");

        // Creating a dynamic assembly requires an AssemblyName
        // object, and the current application domain.
        //
        AssemblyName asmName = new AssemblyName("DemoMethodBuilder1");
        AppDomain domain = AppDomain.CurrentDomain;
        AssemblyBuilder demoAssembly =
            domain.DefineDynamicAssembly(asmName,
                AssemblyBuilderAccess.RunAndSave);

        // Define the module that contains the code. For an
        // assembly with one module, the module name is the
        // assembly name plus a file extension.
        ModuleBuilder demoModule =
            demoAssembly.DefineDynamicModule(asmName.Name,
                asmName.Name+".dll");

        // Define a type to contain the method.
        TypeBuilder demoType =
            demoModule.DefineType("DemoType", TypeAttributes.Public);

        // Define a public static method with standard calling
        // conventions. Do not specify the parameter types or the
        // return type, because type parameters will be used for
        // those types, and the type parameters have not been
        // defined yet.
        //
        MethodBuilder factory =
            demoType.DefineMethod("Factory",
                MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.Static);

        // Defining generic type parameters for the method makes it a
        // generic method. To make the code easier to read, each
        // type parameter is copied to a variable of the same name.
        //
        string[] typeParameterNames = {"TInput", "TOutput"};
        GenericTypeParameterBuilder[] typeParameters =
            factory.DefineGenericParameters(typeParameterNames);

        GenericTypeParameterBuilder TInput = typeParameters[0];
        GenericTypeParameterBuilder TOutput = typeParameters[1];

        // Add special constraints.
        // The type parameter TOutput is constrained to be a reference
        // type, and to have a parameterless constructor. This ensures
        // that the Factory method can create the collection type.
        //
        TOutput.SetGenericParameterAttributes(
            GenericParameterAttributes.ReferenceTypeConstraint |
            GenericParameterAttributes.DefaultConstructorConstraint);

        // Add interface and base type constraints.
        // The type parameter TOutput is constrained to types that
        // implement the ICollection<T> interface, to ensure that
        // they have an Add method that can be used to add elements.
        //
        // To create the constraint, first use MakeGenericType to bind
        // the type parameter TInput to the ICollection<T> interface,
        // returning the type ICollection<TInput>, then pass
        // the newly created type to the SetInterfaceConstraints
        // method. The constraints must be passed as an array, even if
        // there is only one interface.
        //
        Type icoll = typeof(ICollection<>);
        Type icollOfTInput = icoll.MakeGenericType(TInput);
        Type[] constraints = {icollOfTInput};
        TOutput.SetInterfaceConstraints(constraints);

        // Set parameter types for the method. The method takes
        // one parameter, an array of type TInput.
        Type[] parms = {TInput.MakeArrayType()};
        factory.SetParameters(parms);

        // Set the return type for the method. The return type is
        // the generic type parameter TOutput.
        factory.SetReturnType(TOutput);

        // Generate a code body for the method.
        // -----------------------------------
        // Get a code generator and declare local variables and
        // labels. Save the input array to a local variable.
        //
        ILGenerator ilgen = factory.GetILGenerator();

        LocalBuilder retVal = ilgen.DeclareLocal(TOutput);
        LocalBuilder ic = ilgen.DeclareLocal(icollOfTInput);
        LocalBuilder input = ilgen.DeclareLocal(TInput.MakeArrayType());
        LocalBuilder index = ilgen.DeclareLocal(typeof(int));

        Label enterLoop = ilgen.DefineLabel();
        Label loopAgain = ilgen.DefineLabel();

        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc_S, input);

        // Create an instance of TOutput, using the generic method
        // overload of the Activator.CreateInstance method.
        // Using this overload requires the specified type to have
        // a parameterless constructor, which is the reason for adding
        // that constraint to TOutput. Create the constructed generic
        // method by passing TOutput to MakeGenericMethod. After
        // emitting code to call the method, emit code to store the
        // new TOutput in a local variable.
        //
        MethodInfo createInst =
            typeof(Activator).GetMethod("CreateInstance", Type.EmptyTypes);
        MethodInfo createInstOfTOutput =
            createInst.MakeGenericMethod(TOutput);

        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Call, createInstOfTOutput);
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc_S, retVal);

        // Load the reference to the TOutput object, cast it to
        // ICollection<TInput>, and save it.
        //
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, retVal);
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Box, TOutput);
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Castclass, icollOfTInput);
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc_S, ic);

        // Loop through the array, adding each element to the new
        // instance of TOutput. Note that in order to get a MethodInfo
        // for ICollection<TInput>.Add, it is necessary to first
        // get the Add method for the generic type defintion,
        // ICollection<T>.Add. This is because it is not possible
        // to call GetMethod on icollOfTInput. The static overload of
        // TypeBuilder.GetMethod produces the correct MethodInfo for
        // the constructed type.
        //
        MethodInfo mAddPrep = icoll.GetMethod("Add");
        MethodInfo mAdd = TypeBuilder.GetMethod(icollOfTInput, mAddPrep);

        // Initialize the count and enter the loop.
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc_S, index);
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Br_S, enterLoop);

        // Mark the beginning of the loop. Push the ICollection
        // reference on the stack, so it will be in position for the
        // call to Add. Then push the array and the index on the
        // stack, get the array element, and call Add (represented
        // by the MethodInfo mAdd) to add it to the collection.
        //
        // The other ten instructions just increment the index
        // and test for the end of the loop. Note the MarkLabel
        // method, which sets the point in the code where the
        // loop is entered. (See the earlier Br_S to enterLoop.)
        //
        ilgen.MarkLabel(loopAgain);

        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, ic);
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, input);
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, index);
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldelem, TInput);
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, mAdd);

        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, index);
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1);
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Add);
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc_S, index);

        ilgen.MarkLabel(enterLoop);
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, index);
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, input);
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldlen);
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_I4);
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Clt);
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Brtrue_S, loopAgain);

        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, retVal);
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);

        // Complete the type.
        Type dt = demoType.CreateType();
        // Save the assembly, so it can be examined with Ildasm.exe.
        demoAssembly.Save(asmName.Name+".dll");

        // To create a constructed generic method that can be
        // executed, first call the GetMethod method on the completed
        // type to get the generic method definition. Call MakeGenericType
        // on the generic method definition to obtain the constructed
        // method, passing in the type arguments. In this case, the
        // constructed method has string for TInput and List<string>
        // for TOutput.
        //
        MethodInfo m = dt.GetMethod("Factory");
        MethodInfo bound =
            m.MakeGenericMethod(typeof(string), typeof(List<string>));

        // Display a string representing the bound method.
        Console.WriteLine(bound);

        // Once the generic method is constructed,
        // you can invoke it and pass in an array of objects
        // representing the arguments. In this case, there is only
        // one element in that array, the argument 'arr'.
        //
        object o = bound.Invoke(null, new object[]{arr});
        List<string> list2 = (List<string>) o;

        Console.WriteLine($"The first element is: {list2[0]}");

        // You can get better performance from multiple calls if
        // you bind the constructed method to a delegate. The
        // following code uses the generic delegate D defined
        // earlier.
        //
        Type dType = typeof(D<string, List <string>>);
        D<string, List <string>> test;
        test = (D<string, List <string>>)
            Delegate.CreateDelegate(dType, bound);

        List<string> list3 = test(arr);
        Console.WriteLine($"The first element is: {list3[0]}");
    }
}

/* This code example produces the following output:

The first element is: a
System.Collections.Generic.List`1[System.String] Factory[String,List`1](System.String[])
The first element is: a
The first element is: a
 */

Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Reflection
Imports System.Reflection.Emit

' Declare a generic delegate that can be used to execute the 
' finished method.
'
Delegate Function D(Of TIn, TOut)(ByVal input() As TIn) As TOut

Class GenericMethodBuilder

    ' This method shows how to declare, in Visual Basic, the generic
    ' method this program emits. The method has two type parameters,
    ' TInput and TOutput, the second of which must be a reference type
    ' (Class), must have a parameterless constructor (New), and must
    ' implement ICollection(Of TInput). This interface constraint
    ' ensures that ICollection(Of TInput).Add can be used to add
    ' elements to the TOutput object the method creates. The method 
    ' has one formal parameter, input, which is an array of TInput. 
    ' The elements of this array are copied to the new TOutput.
    '
    Public Shared Function Factory(Of TInput, _
        TOutput As {ICollection(Of TInput), Class, New}) _
        (ByVal input() As TInput) As TOutput

        Dim retval As New TOutput()
        Dim ic As ICollection(Of TInput) = retval

        For Each t As TInput In input
            ic.Add(t)
        Next

        Return retval
    End Function


    Public Shared Sub Main()
        ' The following shows the usage syntax of the Visual Basic
        ' version of the generic method emitted by this program.
        ' Note that the generic parameters must be specified 
        ' explicitly, because the compiler does not have enough 
        ' context to infer the type of TOutput. In this case, TOutput
        ' is a generic List containing strings.
        ' 
        Dim arr() As String = {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"}
        Dim list1 As List(Of String) = _
            GenericMethodBuilder.Factory(Of String, List(Of String))(arr)
        Console.WriteLine("The first element is: {0}", list1(0))


        ' Creating a dynamic assembly requires an AssemblyName
        ' object, and the current application domain.
        '
        Dim asmName As New AssemblyName("DemoMethodBuilder1")
        Dim domain As AppDomain = AppDomain.CurrentDomain
        Dim demoAssembly As AssemblyBuilder = _
            domain.DefineDynamicAssembly(asmName, _
                AssemblyBuilderAccess.RunAndSave)

        ' Define the module that contains the code. For an 
        ' assembly with one module, the module name is the 
        ' assembly name plus a file extension.
        Dim demoModule As ModuleBuilder = _
            demoAssembly.DefineDynamicModule( _
                asmName.Name, _
                asmName.Name & ".dll")

        ' Define a type to contain the method.
        Dim demoType As TypeBuilder = demoModule.DefineType( _
            "DemoType", _
            TypeAttributes.Public)

        ' Define a Shared, Public method with standard calling
        ' conventions. Do not specify the parameter types or the
        ' return type, because type parameters will be used for 
        ' those types, and the type parameters have not been
        ' defined yet.
        '
        Dim factory As MethodBuilder = _
            demoType.DefineMethod("Factory", _
                MethodAttributes.Public Or MethodAttributes.Static)

        ' Defining generic type parameters for the method makes it a
        ' generic method. To make the code easier to read, each
        ' type parameter is copied to a variable of the same name.
        '
        Dim typeParameterNames() As String = {"TInput", "TOutput"}
        Dim typeParameters() As GenericTypeParameterBuilder = _
            factory.DefineGenericParameters(typeParameterNames)

        Dim TInput As GenericTypeParameterBuilder = typeParameters(0)
        Dim TOutput As GenericTypeParameterBuilder = typeParameters(1)

        ' Add special constraints.
        ' The type parameter TOutput is constrained to be a reference
        ' type, and to have a parameterless constructor. This ensures
        ' that the Factory method can create the collection type.
        ' 
        TOutput.SetGenericParameterAttributes( _
            GenericParameterAttributes.ReferenceTypeConstraint Or _
            GenericParameterAttributes.DefaultConstructorConstraint)

        ' Add interface and base type constraints.
        ' The type parameter TOutput is constrained to types that
        ' implement the ICollection(Of T) interface, to ensure that
        ' they have an Add method that can be used to add elements.
        '
        ' To create the constraint, first use MakeGenericType to bind 
        ' the type parameter TInput to the ICollection(Of T) interface,
        ' returning the type ICollection(Of TInput), then pass
        ' the newly created type to the SetInterfaceConstraints
        ' method. The constraints must be passed as an array, even if
        ' there is only one interface.
        '
        Dim icoll As Type = GetType(ICollection(Of ))
        Dim icollOfTInput As Type = icoll.MakeGenericType(TInput)
        Dim constraints() As Type = {icollOfTInput}
        TOutput.SetInterfaceConstraints(constraints)

        ' Set parameter types for the method. The method takes
        ' one parameter, an array of type TInput.
        Dim params() As Type = {TInput.MakeArrayType()}
        factory.SetParameters(params)

        ' Set the return type for the method. The return type is
        ' the generic type parameter TOutput.
        factory.SetReturnType(TOutput)

        ' Generate a code body for the method. 
        ' -----------------------------------
        ' Get a code generator and declare local variables and
        ' labels. Save the input array to a local variable.
        '
        Dim ilgen As ILGenerator = factory.GetILGenerator()

        Dim retVal As LocalBuilder = ilgen.DeclareLocal(TOutput)
        Dim ic As LocalBuilder = ilgen.DeclareLocal(icollOfTInput)
        Dim input As LocalBuilder = _
            ilgen.DeclareLocal(TInput.MakeArrayType())
        Dim index As LocalBuilder = _
            ilgen.DeclareLocal(GetType(Integer))

        Dim enterLoop As Label = ilgen.DefineLabel()
        Dim loopAgain As Label = ilgen.DefineLabel()

        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0)
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc_S, input)

        ' Create an instance of TOutput, using the generic method 
        ' overload of the Activator.CreateInstance method. 
        ' Using this overload requires the specified type to have
        ' a parameterless constructor, which is the reason for adding 
        ' that constraint to TOutput. Create the constructed generic
        ' method by passing TOutput to MakeGenericMethod. After
        ' emitting code to call the method, emit code to store the
        ' new TOutput in a local variable. 
        '
        Dim createInst As MethodInfo = _
            GetType(Activator).GetMethod("CreateInstance", Type.EmptyTypes)
        Dim createInstOfTOutput As MethodInfo = _
            createInst.MakeGenericMethod(TOutput)

        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Call, createInstOfTOutput)
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc_S, retVal)

        ' Load the reference to the TOutput object, cast it to
        ' ICollection(Of TInput), and save it.
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, retVal)
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Box, TOutput)
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Castclass, icollOfTInput)
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc_S, ic)

        ' Loop through the array, adding each element to the new
        ' instance of TOutput. Note that in order to get a MethodInfo
        ' for ICollection(Of TInput).Add, it is necessary to first 
        ' get the Add method for the generic type defintion,
        ' ICollection(Of T).Add. This is because it is not possible
        ' to call GetMethod on icollOfTInput. The static overload of
        ' TypeBuilder.GetMethod produces the correct MethodInfo for
        ' the constructed type.
        '
        Dim mAddPrep As MethodInfo = icoll.GetMethod("Add")
        Dim mAdd As MethodInfo = _
            TypeBuilder.GetMethod(icollOfTInput, mAddPrep)

        ' Initialize the count and enter the loop.
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0)
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc_S, index)
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Br_S, enterLoop)

        ' Mark the beginning of the loop. Push the ICollection
        ' reference on the stack, so it will be in position for the
        ' call to Add. Then push the array and the index on the 
        ' stack, get the array element, and call Add (represented
        ' by the MethodInfo mAdd) to add it to the collection.
        ' 
        ' The other ten instructions just increment the index
        ' and test for the end of the loop. Note the MarkLabel
        ' method, which sets the point in the code where the 
        ' loop is entered. (See the earlier Br_S to enterLoop.)
        '
        ilgen.MarkLabel(loopAgain)

        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, ic)
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, input)
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, index)
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldelem, TInput)
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, mAdd)

        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, index)
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1)
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Add)
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc_S, index)

        ilgen.MarkLabel(enterLoop)
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, index)
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, input)
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldlen)
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_I4)
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Clt)
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Brtrue_S, loopAgain)

        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, retVal)
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ret)

        ' Complete the type.
        Dim dt As Type = demoType.CreateType()
        ' Save the assembly, so it can be examined with Ildasm.exe.
        demoAssembly.Save(asmName.Name & ".dll")

        ' To create a constructed generic method that can be
        ' executed, first call the GetMethod method on the completed 
        ' type to get the generic method definition. Call MakeGenericType
        ' on the generic method definition to obtain the constructed
        ' method, passing in the type arguments. In this case, the
        ' constructed method has String for TInput and List(Of String)
        ' for TOutput. 
        '
        Dim m As MethodInfo = dt.GetMethod("Factory")
        Dim bound As MethodInfo = m.MakeGenericMethod( _
            GetType(String), GetType(List(Of String)))

        ' Display a string representing the bound method.
        Console.WriteLine(bound)


        ' Once the generic method is constructed, 
        ' you can invoke it and pass in an array of objects 
        ' representing the arguments. In this case, there is only
        ' one element in that array, the argument 'arr'.
        '
        Dim o As Object = bound.Invoke(Nothing, New Object() {arr})
        Dim list2 As List(Of String) = CType(o, List(Of String))

        Console.WriteLine("The first element is: {0}", list2(0))


        ' You can get better performance from multiple calls if
        ' you bind the constructed method to a delegate. The 
        ' following code uses the generic delegate D defined 
        ' earlier.
        '
        Dim dType As Type = GetType(D(Of String, List(Of String)))
        Dim test As D(Of String, List(Of String))
        test = CType( _
            [Delegate].CreateDelegate(dType, bound), _
            D(Of String, List(Of String)))

        Dim list3 As List(Of String) = test(arr)
        Console.WriteLine("The first element is: {0}", list3(0))

    End Sub
End Class

' This code example produces the following output:
'
'The first element is: a
'System.Collections.Generic.List`1[System.String] Factory[String,List`1](System.String[])
'The first element is: a
'The first element is: a

通过

如何：用反射发出定义泛型方法

定义泛型方法

发出方法主体

调用泛型方法

示例：

另请参阅

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