完成任务

公开 TaskCompletionSource<TResult> 中的任务时，你拥有任务的生存期。 在每个路径上完成该任务。 如果任何路径跳过完成，调用方会无限期等待。

完成每个代码路径

始终在成功路径和失败路径中完成任务。 当任务失败时，请使用catch块进行清理逻辑。 对于必须始终运行的清理逻辑，请使用 finally 块。 以下代码块展示如何为故障路径添加清理操作：

public sealed class MissingSetExceptionFix
{
    public Task<string> StartAsync(bool fail)
    {
        var tcs = new TaskCompletionSource<string>(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously);

        try
        {
            if (fail)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Simulated failure");
            }

            tcs.TrySetResult("success");
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            tcs.TrySetException(ex);
        }

        return tcs.Task;
    }
}

Public NotInheritable Class MissingSetExceptionFix
    Public Function StartAsync(fail As Boolean) As Task(Of String)
        Dim tcs = New TaskCompletionSource(Of String)(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously)

        Try
            If fail Then
                Throw New InvalidOperationException("Simulated failure")
            End If

            tcs.TrySetResult("success")
        Catch ex As Exception
            tcs.TrySetException(ex)
        End Try

        Return tcs.Task
    End Function
End Class

以下代码捕获异常、记录异常并忘记调用 SetException 或 TrySetException。 此 bug 经常出现，导致调用方永远等待。 有关任务异常处理的更多详细信息，请参阅 任务异常处理。

// ⚠️ DON'T copy this snippet. It demonstrates a problem that causes hangs.
public sealed class MissingSetExceptionBug
{
    public Task<string> StartAsync(bool fail)
    {
        var tcs = new TaskCompletionSource<string>(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously);

        try
        {
            if (fail)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Simulated failure");
            }

            tcs.SetResult("success");
        }
        catch (Exception)
        {
            // BUG: forgot SetException or TrySetException.
        }

        return tcs.Task;
    }
}

' ⚠️ DON'T copy this snippet. It demonstrates a problem that causes hangs.
Public NotInheritable Class MissingSetExceptionBug
    Public Function StartAsync(fail As Boolean) As Task(Of String)
        Dim tcs = New TaskCompletionSource(Of String)(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously)

        Try
            If fail Then
                Throw New InvalidOperationException("Simulated failure")
            End If

            tcs.SetResult("success")
        Catch ex As Exception
            ' BUG: forgot SetException or TrySetException.
        End Try

        Return tcs.Task
    End Function
End Class

在完成竞争中使用 TrySet* 更好

并发路径通常竞争完成相同的 TaskCompletionSource。 如果任务已完成，会引发 SetResult、SetException 和 SetCanceled。 在容易争用的代码中，使用 TrySetResult、TrySetException 和 TrySetCanceled。 有关在并发方案中应该避免的更多模式，请参阅 常见的异步/等待错误。

public static class TrySetRaceExample
{
    public static void ShowRaceSafeCompletion()
    {
        var tcs = new TaskCompletionSource<int>(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously);

        bool first = tcs.TrySetResult(42);
        bool second = tcs.TrySetException(new TimeoutException("Too late"));

        Console.WriteLine($"First completion won: {first}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Second completion accepted: {second}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Result: {tcs.Task.Result}");
    }
}

Public Module TrySetRaceExample
    Public Sub ShowRaceSafeCompletion()
        Dim tcs = New TaskCompletionSource(Of Integer)(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously)

        Dim first As Boolean = tcs.TrySetResult(42)
        Dim second As Boolean = tcs.TrySetException(New TimeoutException("Too late"))

        Console.WriteLine($"First completion won: {first}")
        Console.WriteLine($"Second completion accepted: {second}")
        Console.WriteLine($"Result: {tcs.Task.Result}")
    End Sub
End Module

重置期间不要删除引用

可重置异步基元中会出现一个常见的 bug。 通过原子交换引用并完成先前的任务（例如，使用取消）来修复重置路径：

public sealed class ResetFix
{
    private TaskCompletionSource<bool> _signal = NewSignal();

    public Task WaitAsync() => _signal.Task;

    public void Reset()
    {
        TaskCompletionSource<bool> previous = Interlocked.Exchange(ref _signal, NewSignal());
        previous.TrySetCanceled();
    }

    public void Pulse()
    {
        _signal.TrySetResult(true);
    }

    private static TaskCompletionSource<bool> NewSignal() =>
        new(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously);
}

Public NotInheritable Class ResetFix
    Private _signal As TaskCompletionSource(Of Boolean) = NewSignal()

    Public Function WaitAsync() As Task
        Return _signal.Task
    End Function

    Public Sub Reset()
        Dim previous As TaskCompletionSource(Of Boolean) = Interlocked.Exchange(_signal, NewSignal())
        previous.TrySetCanceled()
    End Sub

    Public Sub Pulse()
        _signal.TrySetResult(True)
    End Sub

    Private Shared Function NewSignal() As TaskCompletionSource(Of Boolean)
        Return New TaskCompletionSource(Of Boolean)(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously)
    End Function
End Class

别这样： 如果在完成上一个 TaskCompletionSource 实例之前替换实例，则负责旧任务的等待线程可能无法完成。

// ⚠️ DON'T copy this snippet. It demonstrates a problem where old waiters never complete.
public sealed class ResetBug
{
    private TaskCompletionSource<bool> _signal = NewSignal();

    public Task WaitAsync() => _signal.Task;

    public void Reset()
    {
        // BUG: waiters on the old task might never complete.
        _signal = NewSignal();
    }

    public void Pulse()
    {
        _signal.TrySetResult(true);
    }

    private static TaskCompletionSource<bool> NewSignal() =>
        new(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously);
}

' ⚠️ DON'T copy this snippet. It demonstrates a problem where old waiters never complete.
Public NotInheritable Class ResetBug
    Private _signal As TaskCompletionSource(Of Boolean) = NewSignal()

    Public Function WaitAsync() As Task
        Return _signal.Task
    End Function

    Public Sub Reset()
        ' BUG: waiters on the old task might never complete.
        _signal = NewSignal()
    End Sub

    Public Sub Pulse()
        _signal.TrySetResult(True)
    End Sub

    Private Shared Function NewSignal() As TaskCompletionSource(Of Boolean)
        Return New TaskCompletionSource(Of Boolean)(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously)
    End Function
End Class

清单

• 在成功、失败和取消路径上完成每个已公开的 TaskCompletionSource 任务。
• 在可能发生争用的路径中使用 TrySet* API。
• 在重置期间，请先完成或取消旧任务，然后再删除其引用。
• 添加基于超时的测试，以便在 CI 中挂起时快速失败。

另见

• 任务异常处理
• 实现 TAP
• 常见的异步/等待 Bug