如何在 catch 块中使用特定异常

一般来说，编程最佳做法是，捕获特定类型的异常，而不是使用基本 catch 语句。

异常发生时，会在堆栈中向上传递，每个 catch 块都有机会处理异常。 Catch 语句的顺序非常重要。 在一般异常 catch 块或编译器发出错误前，将 catch 块指向特定异常。 通过匹配异常类型与 catch 块中指定的异常名称，确定合适的 catch 块。 如果没有特定的 catch 块，则将由一般 catch 块捕获异常（如果异常存在）。

下方代码示例使用 try/catch 块来捕获 InvalidCastException。 该示例创建了一个名为 Employee 的类，其具有单一属性，雇员级别为 (Emlevel)。 PromoteEmployee 方法接收对象并递增雇员级别。 DateTime 实例传递给 PromoteEmployee 方法时，InvalidCastException 发生。

using namespace System;

public ref class Employee
{
public:
    Employee()
    {
        emlevel = 0;
    }

    //Create employee level property.
    property int Emlevel
    {
        int get()
        {
            return emlevel;
        }
        void set(int value)
        {
            emlevel = value;
        }
    }

private:
    int emlevel;
};

public ref class Ex13
{
public:
    static void PromoteEmployee(Object^ emp)
    {
        //Cast object to Employee.
        Employee^ e = (Employee^) emp;
        // Increment employee level.
        e->Emlevel++;
    }

    static void Main()
    {
        try
        {
            Object^ o = gcnew Employee();
            DateTime^ newyears = gcnew DateTime(2001, 1, 1);
            //Promote the new employee.
            PromoteEmployee(o);
            //Promote DateTime; results in InvalidCastException as newyears is not an employee instance.
            PromoteEmployee(newyears);
        }
        catch (InvalidCastException^ e)
        {
            Console::WriteLine("Error passing data to PromoteEmployee method. " + e->Message);
        }
    }
};

int main()
{
    Ex13::Main();
}

using System;

public class Employee
{
    //Create employee level property.
    public int Emlevel
    {
        get
        {
            return(emlevel);
        }
        set
        {
            emlevel = value;
        }
    }

    private int emlevel = 0;
}

public class Ex13
{
    public static void PromoteEmployee(Object emp)
    {
        // Cast object to Employee.
        var e = (Employee) emp;
        // Increment employee level.
        e.Emlevel = e.Emlevel + 1;
    }

    static void Main()
    {
        try
        {
            Object o = new Employee();
            DateTime newYears = new DateTime(2001, 1, 1);
            // Promote the new employee.
            PromoteEmployee(o);
            // Promote DateTime; results in InvalidCastException as newYears is not an employee instance.
            PromoteEmployee(newYears);
        }
        catch (InvalidCastException e)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Error passing data to PromoteEmployee method. " + e.Message);
        }
    }
}

Public Class Employee
    'Create employee level property.
    Public Property Emlevel As Integer
        Get
            Return emlevelValue
        End Get
        Set
            emlevelValue = Value
        End Set
    End Property

    Private emlevelValue As Integer = 0
End Class

Public Class Ex13
    Public Shared Sub PromoteEmployee(emp As Object)
        ' Cast object to Employee.
        Dim e As Employee = CType(emp, Employee)
        ' Increment employee level.
        e.Emlevel = e.Emlevel + 1
    End Sub

    Public Shared Sub Main()
        Try
            Dim o As Object = New Employee()
            Dim newYears As New DateTime(2001, 1, 1)
            ' Promote the new employee.
            PromoteEmployee(o)
            ' Promote DateTime; results in InvalidCastException as newYears is not an employee instance.
            PromoteEmployee(newYears)
        Catch e As InvalidCastException
            Console.WriteLine("Error passing data to PromoteEmployee method. " + e.Message)
        End Try
    End Sub
End Class

请参阅

• 异常