在一段时间后取消异步任务 (Visual Basic)

如果您不想等待操作完成,可以在一段时间后使用CancellationTokenSource.CancelAfter方法来取消异步操作。 此方法计划取消表达式指定的 CancelAfter 时间段内未完成的任何关联任务。

本示例将添加到 “取消异步任务”或“任务列表”(Visual Basic) 中开发的代码,以下载网站列表并显示每个网站内容的长度。

注释

若要运行示例,必须在计算机上安装 Visual Studio 2012 或更高版本和 .NET Framework 4.5 或更高版本。

下载示例

可以从异步示例下载完整的 Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) 项目 :微调应用程序 ,然后执行以下步骤。

  1. 解压缩下载的文件,然后启动 Visual Studio。

  2. 在菜单栏上,选择 “文件”、“ 打开”、“ 项目/解决方案”。

  3. “打开项目 ”对话框中,打开保存解压缩的示例代码的文件夹,然后打开 AsyncFineTuningVB 的解决方案(.sln)文件。

  4. 解决方案资源管理器中,打开 CancelAfterTime 项目的快捷菜单,然后选择 “设置为启动项目”。

  5. 选择要运行项目的 F5 键。

    选择 Ctrl+F5 键以运行项目而不对其进行调试。

  6. 多次运行程序以验证输出是否显示所有网站的输出、不显示网站的输出或显示某些网站的输出。

如果不想下载项目,可以在本主题末尾查看MainWindow.xaml.vb文件。

生成示例

本主题中的示例将添加到在 “取消异步任务”或“任务列表”(Visual Basic) 中开发的项目,以取消任务列表。 该示例使用相同的 UI,尽管未显式使用 “取消” 按钮。

若要自行构建示例,请逐步按照“下载示例”部分中的说明进行操作,但选择 CancelAListOfTasks 作为 启动项目。 将本主题中的更改添加到该项目。

若要在任务被标记为已取消之前指定最长时限,请按照以下示例添加对CancelAfterstartButton_Click的调用。 添加时标有星号。

Private Async Sub startButton_Click(sender As Object, e As RoutedEventArgs)

    ' Instantiate the CancellationTokenSource.
    cts = New CancellationTokenSource()

    resultsTextBox.Clear()

    Try
        ' ***Set up the CancellationTokenSource to cancel after 2.5 seconds. (You
        ' can adjust the time.)
        cts.CancelAfter(2500)

        Await AccessTheWebAsync(cts.Token)
        resultsTextBox.Text &= vbCrLf & "Downloads complete."

    Catch ex As OperationCanceledException
        resultsTextBox.Text &= vbCrLf & "Downloads canceled." & vbCrLf

    Catch ex As Exception
        resultsTextBox.Text &= vbCrLf & "Downloads failed." & vbCrLf
    End Try

    ' Set the CancellationTokenSource to Nothing when the download is complete.
    cts = Nothing
End Sub

多次运行程序以验证输出是否显示所有网站的输出、不显示网站的输出或显示某些网站的输出。 以下输出是一个示例:

Length of the downloaded string: 35990.

Length of the downloaded string: 407399.

Length of the downloaded string: 226091.

Downloads canceled.

完整的示例

以下代码是示例MainWindow.xaml.vb文件的完整文本。 星号标记为此示例添加的元素。

请注意,必须为 System.Net.Http 添加引用。

可以从 异步示例:优化您的应用程序 下载项目。

' Add an Imports directive and a reference for System.Net.Http.
Imports System.Net.Http

' Add the following Imports directive for System.Threading.
Imports System.Threading

Class MainWindow

    ' Declare a System.Threading.CancellationTokenSource.
    Dim cts As CancellationTokenSource

    Private Async Sub startButton_Click(sender As Object, e As RoutedEventArgs)

        ' Instantiate the CancellationTokenSource.
        cts = New CancellationTokenSource()

        resultsTextBox.Clear()

        Try
            ' ***Set up the CancellationTokenSource to cancel after 2.5 seconds. (You
            ' can adjust the time.)
            cts.CancelAfter(2500)

            Await AccessTheWebAsync(cts.Token)
            resultsTextBox.Text &= vbCrLf & "Downloads complete."

        Catch ex As OperationCanceledException
            resultsTextBox.Text &= vbCrLf & "Downloads canceled." & vbCrLf

        Catch ex As Exception
            resultsTextBox.Text &= vbCrLf & "Downloads failed." & vbCrLf
        End Try

        ' Set the CancellationTokenSource to Nothing when the download is complete.
        cts = Nothing
    End Sub

    ' You can still include a Cancel button if you want to.
    Private Sub cancelButton_Click(sender As Object, e As RoutedEventArgs)

        If cts IsNot Nothing Then
            cts.Cancel()
        End If
    End Sub

    ' Provide a parameter for the CancellationToken.
    ' Change the return type to Task because the method has no return statement.
    Async Function AccessTheWebAsync(ct As CancellationToken) As Task

        Dim client As HttpClient = New HttpClient()

        ' Call SetUpURLList to make a list of web addresses.
        Dim urlList As List(Of String) = SetUpURLList()

        ' Process each element in the list of web addresses.
        For Each url In urlList
            ' GetAsync returns a Task(Of HttpResponseMessage).
            ' Argument ct carries the message if the Cancel button is chosen.
            ' Note that the Cancel button can cancel all remaining downloads.
            Dim response As HttpResponseMessage = Await client.GetAsync(url, ct)

            ' Retrieve the website contents from the HttpResponseMessage.
            Dim urlContents As Byte() = Await response.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync()

            resultsTextBox.Text &=
                vbCrLf & $"Length of the downloaded string: {urlContents.Length}." & vbCrLf
        Next
    End Function

    ' Add a method that creates a list of web addresses.
    Private Function SetUpURLList() As List(Of String)

        Dim urls = New List(Of String) From
            {
                "https://msdn.microsoft.com",
                "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/hh290138.aspx",
                "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/hh290140.aspx",
                "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/dd470362.aspx",
                "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/aa578028.aspx",
                "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms404677.aspx",
                "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ff730837.aspx"
            }
        Return urls
    End Function

End Class

' Sample output:

' Length of the downloaded string: 35990.

' Length of the downloaded string: 407399.

' Length of the downloaded string: 226091.

' Downloads canceled.

另请参阅