heap
在 Visual C++ 演示如何使用 堆 标准 (STL)模板库函数。
template<class RandomAccessIterator> inline
void make_heap(
RandomAccessIterator First,
RandomAccessIterator Last
)
template<class RandomAccessIterator> inline
void sort_heap(
RandomAccessIterator First,
RandomAccessIterator Last
)
template<class RandomAccessIterator> inline
void push_heap(
RandomAccessIterator First,
RandomAccessIterator Last
)
template<class RandomAccessIterator> inline
void pop_heap(
RandomAccessIterator First,
RandomAccessIterator Last
)
备注
备注
类/参数名在原型不匹配版本在头文件。修改某些提高可读性。
堆是元素顺序组织方式与二叉树。 每个堆元素都对应于树节点。 在序列 [First的第一个值。Last) 是根并在堆中的最大值。 在堆中的每个元素满足以下操作:每个元素小于或等于其父级。 最大的元素位于根存储区,因此,所有子级表示进度较小值。 make_heap 功能将范围 [First。Last) 到堆。 sort_heap 功能排序使用 make_heap 功能,创建的序列。 push_heap 功能插入一个新值赋给堆。 pop_heap 功能交换堆中的第一个和最后一个元素指定的 [First, Last),然后减少序列的长度按一个在回收堆属性。 堆函数使用 operatorAMP_LT 的 nonpredicate 版本进行比较的。
示例
// heapfunc.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
//
// Functions:
// make_heap : convert a sequence to a heap
// sort_heap : sort a heap
// push_heap : insert an element in a heap
// pop_heap : remove the top element from a heap
// disable warning C4786: symbol greater than 255 characters,
// okay to ignore
#pragma warning(disable: 4786)
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
const int VECTOR_SIZE = 8 ;
// Define a template class vector of int
typedef vector<int > IntVector ;
//Define an iterator for template class vector of strings
typedef IntVector::iterator IntVectorIt ;
IntVector Numbers(VECTOR_SIZE) ;
IntVectorIt it ;
// Initialize vector Numbers
Numbers[0] = 4 ;
Numbers[1] = 10;
Numbers[2] = 70 ;
Numbers[3] = 10 ;
Numbers[4] = 30 ;
Numbers[5] = 69 ;
Numbers[6] = 96 ;
Numbers[7] = 100;
// print content of Numbers
cout << "Numbers { " ;
for(it = Numbers.begin(); it != Numbers.end(); it++)
cout << *it << " " ;
cout << " }\n" << endl ;
// convert Numbers into a heap
make_heap(Numbers.begin(), Numbers.end()) ;
cout << "After calling make_heap\n" << endl ;
// print content of Numbers
cout << "Numbers { " ;
for(it = Numbers.begin(); it != Numbers.end(); it++)
cout << *it << " " ;
cout << " }\n" << endl ;
// sort the heapified sequence Numbers
sort_heap(Numbers.begin(), Numbers.end()) ;
cout << "After calling sort_heap\n" << endl ;
// print content of Numbers
cout << "Numbers { " ;
for(it = Numbers.begin(); it != Numbers.end(); it++)
cout << *it << " " ;
cout << " }\n" << endl ;
//insert an element in the heap
Numbers.push_back(7) ;
push_heap(Numbers.begin(), Numbers.end()) ;
// you need to call make_heap to re-assert the
// heap property
make_heap(Numbers.begin(), Numbers.end()) ;
cout << "After calling push_heap and make_heap\n" << endl ;
// print content of Numbers
cout << "Numbers { " ;
for(it = Numbers.begin(); it != Numbers.end(); it++)
cout << *it << " " ;
cout << " }\n" << endl ;
// remove the root element from the heap Numbers
pop_heap(Numbers.begin(), Numbers.end()) ;
cout << "After calling pop_heap\n" << endl ;
// print content of Numbers
cout << "Numbers { " ;
for(it = Numbers.begin(); it != Numbers.end(); it++)
cout << *it << " " ;
cout << " }\n" << endl ;
}
Output
Numbers { 4 10 70 10 30 69 96 100 }
After calling make_heap
Numbers { 100 30 96 10 4 69 70 10 }
After calling sort_heap
Numbers { 4 10 10 30 69 70 96 100 }
After calling push_heap and make_heap
Numbers { 100 69 96 30 4 70 10 10 7 }
After calling pop_heap
Numbers { 96 69 70 30 4 7 10 10 100 }
要求
**标题:**algorithm