如何:在 WAS 中承载 WCF 服务

本主题概述了创建由 Windows 进程激活服务(也称为 WAS)承载的 Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) 服务所需的基本步骤。WAS 是一个新的进程激活服务,它是使用非 HTTP 传输协议的 Internet 信息服务 (IIS) 功能的一般化。WCF 使用侦听器适配器接口来传递通过 WCF 支持的非 HTTP 协定(例如,TCP、命名管道和消息队列)接收的激活请求。

此宿主选项要求正确安装和配置 WAS 激活组件,但不需要编写任何宿主代码作为应用程序的一部分。有关安装和配置 WAS 的更多信息,请参见如何:安装和配置 WCF 激活组件

ms733109.Warning(zh-cn,VS.100).gif 警告:
如果将 Web 服务器的请求处理管道设置为经典模式,则将不支持 WAS 激活。如果要使用 WAS 激活,则必须将 Web 服务器的请求处理管道设置为集成模式。

在 WAS 中承载 WCF 服务时,可按照通常的方式使用标准绑定。但是,在使用 NetTcpBindingNetNamedPipeBinding 配置 WAS 承载的服务时,必须满足一个约束条件。当不同的终结点使用相同的传输时,绑定设置必须在以下的七个属性上相匹配:

  • ConnectionBufferSize

  • ChannelInitializationTimeout

  • MaxPendingConnections

  • MaxOutputDelay

  • MaxPendingAccepts

  • ConnectionPoolSettings.IdleTimeout

  • ConnectionPoolSettings.MaxOutboundConnectionsPerEndpoint

否则,最先初始化的终结点总是确定这些属性的值,并且以后添加的终结点若与这些设置不匹配,则将引发 ServiceActivationException

有关此示例的源副本,请参见 TCP 激活

创建 WAS 承载的基本服务

  1. 为该类型的服务定义服务协定。

    [ServiceContract]
    public interface ICalculator
    {
       [OperationContract]
       double Add(double n1, double n2);
       [OperationContract]
       double Subtract(double n1, double n2);
       [OperationContract]
       double Multiply(double n1, double n2);
       [OperationContract]
       double Divide(double n1, double n2);
    }
    
  2. 在服务类中实现该服务协定。请注意,在服务的实现内部,未指定地址或绑定信息。而且,不必编写代码也可从配置文件中检索该信息。

    public class CalculatorService : ICalculator
    {
       public double Add(double n1, double n2)
       {
          return n1 + n2;
       }
       public double Subtract(double n1, double n2)
       {
          return n1 - n2;
       }
       public double Multiply(double n1, double n2)
       {
          return n1 * n2;
       }
       public double Divide(double n1, double n2)
       {
          return n1 / n2;
       }
    } 
    
  3. 创建 Web.config 文件,以定义要由 CalculatorService 终结点使用的 NetTcpBinding 绑定。

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
    <configuration>
      <system.serviceModel>
        <bindings>
          <netTcpBinding>
            <binding portSharingEnabled="true">
              <security mode="None" />
            </binding>
          </netTcpBinding>
        </bindings>
      </system.serviceModel>
    </configuration>
    
  4. 创建包含以下代码的 Service.svc 文件。

    <%@ServiceHost language=c# Service="CalculatorService" %> 
    
  5. 将 Service.svc 文件放到 IIS 虚拟目录中。

创建要使用服务的客户端

  1. 从命令行使用 ServiceModel 元数据实用工具 (Svcutil.exe) 以从服务元数据生成代码:

    Svcutil.exe <service's Metadata Exchange (MEX) address or HTTP GET address> 
    
  2. 生成的客户端包含 ICalculator 接口,该接口定义了客户端实现必须满足的服务协定。

    //Generated interface defining the ICalculator contract    
    [System.ServiceModel.ServiceContractAttribute(
    Namespace="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples", ConfigurationName="Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.ICalculator")]
    public interface ICalculator
    {
    
        [System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(
    Action="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/Add", ReplyAction="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/AddResponse")]
        double Add(double n1, double n2);
    
            [System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(
    Action="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/Subtract", ReplyAction="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/SubtractResponse")]
        double Subtract(double n1, double n2);
    
            [System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(
    Action="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/Multiply", ReplyAction="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/MultiplyResponse")]
        double Multiply(double n1, double n2);
    
            [System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(
    Action="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/Divide", ReplyAction="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/DivideResponse")]
        double Divide(double n1, double n2);
    }
    
  3. 生成的客户端应用程序还包含 ClientCalculator 的实现。请注意,在服务的实现内部,未指定地址和绑定信息。而且,不必编写代码也可从配置文件中检索该信息。

    // Implementation of the CalculatorClient
    public partial class CalculatorClient : System.ServiceModel.ClientBase<Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.ICalculator>, Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.ICalculator
    {
    
        public CalculatorClient()
        {
        }
    
        public CalculatorClient(string endpointConfigurationName) : 
                base(endpointConfigurationName)
        {
        }
    
        public CalculatorClient(string endpointConfigurationName, string remoteAddress) : 
                base(endpointConfigurationName, remoteAddress)
        {
        }
    
        public CalculatorClient(string endpointConfigurationName, 
                System.ServiceModel.EndpointAddress remoteAddress) : 
                base(endpointConfigurationName, remoteAddress)
        {
        }
    
        public CalculatorClient(System.ServiceModel.Channels.Binding binding,                 System.ServiceModel.EndpointAddress remoteAddress) : 
                base(binding, remoteAddress)
        {
        }
    
        public double Add(double n1, double n2)
        {
            return base.Channel.Add(n1, n2);
        }
    
        public double Subtract(double n1, double n2)
        {
            return base.Channel.Subtract(n1, n2);
        }
    
        public double Multiply(double n1, double n2)
        {
            return base.Channel.Multiply(n1, n2);
        }
    
        public double Divide(double n1, double n2)
        {
            return base.Channel.Divide(n1, n2);
        }
    }
    
  4. 使用 NetTcpBinding 的客户端配置也通过 Svcutil.exe 生成。在使用 Visual Studio 时,应在 App.config 文件中命名此文件。

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
    <configuration>
        <system.serviceModel> 
            <bindings> 
                <netTcpBinding> 
                    <binding name="NetTcpBinding_ICalculator"> 
                        <security mode="None"/> 
                    </binding> 
                </netTcpBinding> 
            </bindings> 
            <client> 
                <endpoint 
                  address="net.tcp://localhost/servicemodelsamples/service.svc" 
                  binding="netTcpBinding" bindingConfiguration="NetTcpBinding_ICalculator" 
                  contract="ICalculator" name="NetTcpBinding_ICalculator" /> 
            </client>
        </system.serviceModel> 
    </configuration>
    
  5. 在应用程序中创建 ClientCalculator 的实例,然后调用服务操作。

    //Client implementation code.
    class Client
    {
        static void Main()
        {
            // Create a client with given client endpoint configuration
            CalculatorClient client = new CalculatorClient();
    
            // Call the Add service operation.
            double value1 = 100.00D;
            double value2 = 15.99D;
            double result = client.Add(value1, value2);
            Console.WriteLine("Add({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);
    
            // Call the Subtract service operation.
            value1 = 145.00D;
            value2 = 76.54D;
            result = client.Subtract(value1, value2);
            Console.WriteLine("Subtract({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);
    
            // Call the Multiply service operation.
            value1 = 9.00D;
            value2 = 81.25D;
            result = client.Multiply(value1, value2);
            Console.WriteLine("Multiply({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);
    
            // Call the Divide service operation.
            value1 = 22.00D;
            value2 = 7.00D;
            result = client.Divide(value1, value2);
            Console.WriteLine("Divide({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);
    
            //Closing the client gracefully closes the connection and cleans up resources
            client.Close();
    
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate client.");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
    
  6. 编译并运行客户端。

另请参见

任务

TCP 激活

其他资源

Windows Server App Fabric 承载功能