如何使用 Visual C++ 和 MFC 自动执行 Microsoft Word 以执行邮件合并

2023-10-17
适用于: Microsoft Word

摘要

本文演示如何使用来自 Microsoft Visual C++ 和 Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC) 的自动化创建和操作 Microsoft Word 文档。

更多信息

本文与 Microsoft 知识库文章并行，该文章介绍使用 Microsoft Visual Basic 的相同过程。

生成自动化示例

使用 Microsoft Developer Studio，启动名为“AutoProject”的新“MFC AppWizard (exe) ”项目。
在 MFC AppWizard 的步骤 1 中，为应用程序类型选择“基于对话框”，然后单击“完成”。

将显示“新建项目信息”对话框，并指示要创建的类包括：
```
Application: CAutoProjectApp in AutoProject.h and AutoProject.cpp
Dialog: CAutoProjectDlg in AutoProject.h and AutoProjectDlg.cpp
```
单击“确定”以创建项目。
“IDD_AUTOPROJECT_DIALOG”对话框将在 Visual Studio 设计/编辑区域中打开。根据后续两个步骤中的说明对其进行修改。
删除 IDCANCEL) (标签控件 (IDC_STATIC) 和“取消”按钮。
将“确定”按钮的名称更改为“IDRUN”，将标题更改为“运行”。关闭 AutoProject.rc 对话框设计窗体。
单击“视图”菜单上的 ClassWizard (或按 Ctrl+W) 。
选择“消息地图”选项卡。在“对象 ID”列表框中选择 IDRUN，然后在“消息”列表框中选择“BN_CLICKED”。单击“添加函数”并接受函数名称“OnRun”。单击“确定”关闭 ClassWizard。

注意:** 此步骤向名为 AutoProjectDLG.h 的标头文件添加函数成员“OnRun () ;”的声明。此步骤还会将名为 CAutoProjectDlg：：OnRun () 的空主干消息处理程序函数添加到名为 AutoProjectDLG.cpp 的文件中。
单击“视图”菜单上的 ClassWizard (或按 Ctrl+W) 。
选择“自动化”选项卡。单击“添加类”，然后选择“从类型库中”。导航以选择要自动执行此示例 (的应用程序的对象库，如果要自动执行 Excel 97，请选择 Microsoft Excel 8.0 对象库;默认位置为 C：\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office\Excel8.olb) 。

如果要自动执行 Microsoft Excel 2000，请选择默认位置为 C：\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office\Excel9.olb 的 Microsoft Excel 9.0 对象库。

如果要自动执行 Microsoft Excel 2002 和 Microsoft Office Excel 2003，则对象库将嵌入到文件Excel.exe中。 Office 2002 中Excel.exe的默认位置是 C：\program Files\Microsoft Office\Office10\Excel.exe。 Office 2003 中Excel.exe的默认位置是 C：\program Files\Microsoft Office\Office11\Excel.exe。选择相应的对象库后，单击“打开”。选择“确认类”列表中的所有类，然后单击“确定”。

注意 “确认类”对话框中的列表框包含所有 IDispatch 接口 (这些接口几乎与 Microsoft Excel 类型库中) 的类相同。在对话框的下半部分，你会看到名为 Excel8.cpp 的实现文件包含派生自 ColeDispatchDriver () 的生成的类包装器，相应的声明标头文件名为 Excel8.h。 (对于 Excel 2002 和 Excel 2003，这些文件名为 Excel.cpp 和 Excel.h.)

注意为要自动执行的 Word 版本选择正确的类型库。有关查找正确类型库的信息，请参阅下面的“参考”部分。
单击“确定”关闭 MFC ClassWizard 对话框。

将以下代码添加到 CAutoProjectApp：：InitInstance () 函数，该函数加载并启用 COM 服务库：

BOOL CAutoProjectApp::InitInstance()
  {
     if(!AfxOleInit())  // Your addition starts here
     {
        AfxMessageBox("Could not initialize COM dll");
        return FALSE;
     }                 // End of your addition

     AfxEnableControlContainer();
  .
  .
  .

  }

将以下行添加到 AutoProject.cpp 程序文件顶部的#include语句：
```
  #include <afxdisp.h>
```
在 stdafx.h 的 include 语句之后，添加在 AutoProjectDlg.cpp 中创建的头文件的 include 语句 (msword8.h、msword9.h 或 msword.h) 。 Word 97 的一个示例是：
```
   #include "stdafx.h"
   #include "msword8.h"
```

将自动化代码添加到 CAutoProjectDlg：：OnRun 方法，使其如下所示：

void CAutoProjectDlg::OnRun()
{
_Application oWord;
Documents oDocs;
_Document oDoc;
Selection oSelection;
Paragraphs oParagraphs;
Tables oTables;
Table oTable;
Range oRange;
Columns oColumns;
Column oColumn;
Rows oRows;
Row oRow;

Cells oCells;
Cell oCell; 
Shading oShading;
Hyperlinks oHyperlinks;
MailMerge oMailMerge;
MailMergeFields oMailMergeFields;
COleVariant vtOptional((long)DISP_E_PARAMNOTFOUND,VT_ERROR),
        vtTrue((short)TRUE),
vtFalse((short)FALSE);
CString StrToAdd;

// Create an instance of Word
if (!oWord.CreateDispatch("Word.Application")) {
AfxMessageBox("Word failed to start!");
} else {
// Set the visible property
oWord.SetVisible(TRUE);
// Add a new document
oDocs = oWord.GetDocuments();
oDoc = oDocs.Add(vtOptional,vtOptional);

CreateMailMergeDataFile(&oWord,&oDoc);
// Add the address header

StrToAdd = "State University\r\nElectrical Engineering " \ 
       "Department";
oSelection = oWord.GetSelection();

oParagraphs = oSelection.GetParagraphs();
oParagraphs.SetAlignment(1);  // 1 = wdAlignParagraphCenter  
oSelection.TypeText(StrToAdd);

InsertLines(&oSelection,4);

oParagraphs.SetAlignment(0);  // 0 = wdAlignParagraphLeft
oMailMerge = oDoc.GetMailMerge();
oMailMergeFields = oMailMerge.GetFields();
oMailMergeFields.Add(oSelection.GetRange(),"FirstName");
oSelection.TypeText(" ");
oMailMergeFields.Add(oSelection.GetRange(),"LastName");
oSelection.TypeParagraph();
oMailMergeFields.Add(oSelection.GetRange(),"Address");
oSelection.TypeParagraph();
oMailMergeFields.Add(oSelection.GetRange(),"CityStateZip");

InsertLines(&oSelection,4);
// Set the paragraph alignment to Right justified
oParagraphs = oSelection.GetParagraphs();

oParagraphs.SetAlignment(2);  // 2 = wdAlignParagraphRight
// Insert the current date
oSelection.InsertDateTime(COleVariant("dddd, MMMM dd, yyyy"),\ 
 vtFalse,vtOptional);

InsertLines(&oSelection,2);

// Reset the justification to Justify

oParagraphs = oSelection.GetParagraphs();
oParagraphs.SetAlignment(3);  // 3 = wdAlignParagraphJustify

oSelection.TypeText("Dear ");
oMailMergeFields.Add(oSelection.GetRange(),"FirstName");
oSelection.TypeText(",");

InsertLines(&oSelection,2);

// Add the body of the message
StrToAdd = "Thank you for your recent request for next " \ 
       "semester's class schedule for the Electrical " \ 
       "Engineering Department.  Enclosed with this letter " \ 
       "is a booklet containing all the classes offered " \ 
       "next semester at State University.  Several new " \ 
       "classes will be offered in the Electrical " \ 
          "Engineering Department next semester.  These " \ 
       "classes are listed below.";
oSelection.TypeText(StrToAdd);

InsertLines(&oSelection,2);

// Add a new table with 9 rows and 4 columns
oRange = oSelection.GetRange();
oTables = oDoc.GetTables();
oTable = oTables.Add(oRange,9,4);

// Set the width of each column
oColumns = oTable.GetColumns();
oColumn = oColumns.Item(1);
oColumn.SetWidth(51.0,0);  // 0 = wdAdjustNone
oColumn = oColumns.Item(2);
oColumn.SetWidth(198.0,0);  // 0 = wdAdjustNone
oColumn = oColumns.Item(3);
oColumn.SetWidth(100.0,0);  // 0 = wdAdjustNone
oColumn = oColumns.Item(4);
oColumn.SetWidth(111.0,0);  // 0 = wdAdjustNone

// Set the shading for row 1 to wdGray25
oRows = oTable.GetRows();
oRow = oRows.Item(1);
oCells = oRow.GetCells();
oShading = oCells.GetShading();
oShading.SetBackgroundPatternColorIndex(16); // 16 = wdGray25

// Turn on BOLD for the first row
oRange = oRow.GetRange();
oRange.SetBold(TRUE);

// Set the alignment for cell (1,1) to center
oCell = oTable.Cell(1,1);
oRange = oCell.GetRange();
oParagraphs = oRange.GetParagraphs();
oParagraphs.SetAlignment(1);  // 1 = wdAlignParagraphCenter

// Fill in the class schedule data
FillRow(&oTable,1,"Class Number","Class Name",\ 
"Class Time","Instructor");
FillRow(&oTable,2, "EE220", "Introduction to Electronics II", \ 
"1:00-2:00 M,W,F", "Dr. Jensen");
FillRow(&oTable,3, "EE230", "Electromagnetic Field Theory I", \ 
"10:00-11:30 T,T", "Dr. Crump");
FillRow(&oTable,4, "EE300", "Feedback Control Systems", \ 
"9:00-10:00 M,W,F", "Dr. Murdy");
FillRow(&oTable,5, "EE325", "Advanced Digital Design", \ 
"9:00-10:30 T,T", "Dr. Alley");
FillRow(&oTable,6, "EE350", "Advanced Communication Systems", \ 
"9:00-10:30 T,T", "Dr. Taylor");
FillRow(&oTable,7, "EE400", "Advanced Microwave Theory", \ 
"1:00-2:30 T,T", "Dr. Lee");
FillRow(&oTable,8, "EE450", "Plasma Theory", \ 
"1:00-2:00 M,W,F", "Dr. Davis");
FillRow(&oTable,9, "EE500", "Principles of VLSI Design", \ 
"3:00-4:00 M,W,F", "Dr. Ellison");

// Go to the end of the document
oSelection.GoTo(COleVariant((short)3), // 3 = wdGoToLine
COleVariant((short)-1),vtOptional,vtOptional);  // -1 = wdGoToLast

InsertLines(&oSelection,2);

// Add closing text
StrToAdd = "For additional information regarding the " \ 
             "Department of Electrical Engineering, " \ 
             "you can visit our website at ";
oSelection.TypeText(StrToAdd);

// Add a hyperlink to the homepage
oHyperlinks = oSelection.GetHyperlinks();
oHyperlinks.Add(oSelection.GetRange(),\ 
COleVariant("http://www.ee.stateu.tld"),vtOptional);

// Finish adding closing text
StrToAdd = ".  Thank you for your interest in the classes " \ 
             "offered in the Department of Electrical " \ 
             "Engineering.  If you have any other questions, " \ 
             "please feel free to give us a call at (999) " \ 
             "555-1212.\r\n\r\n" \ 
             "Sincerely,\r\n\r\n" \ 
             "Kathryn M. Hinsch\r\n" \ 
             "Department of Electrical Engineering\r\n";
oSelection.TypeText(StrToAdd);

// Perform mail merge
oMailMerge.SetDestination(0); // 0 = wdSendToNewDocument
oMailMerge.Execute(vtFalse);

// Close the original form document
oDoc.SetSaved(TRUE);
oDoc.Close(vtFalse,vtOptional,vtOptional);

}
}

在步骤 3 中给出的代码中插入上述代码：

void InsertLines(Selection *pSelection, int NumLines)
{
int iCount;

// Insert NumLines blank lines
for (iCount = 1; iCount <= NumLines; iCount++)
pSelection->TypeParagraph();
}

void FillRow(Table *pTable,int Row, CString Text1, 
 CString Text2, CString Text3, CString Text4)
{
Cell oCell;
Range oRange;

// Insert data into the specific cell
oCell = pTable->Cell(Row,1);
oRange = oCell.GetRange();
oRange.InsertAfter(Text1);
oCell = pTable->Cell(Row,2);
oRange = oCell.GetRange();
oRange.InsertAfter(Text2);
oCell = pTable->Cell(Row,3);
oRange = oCell.GetRange();
oRange.InsertAfter(Text3);
oCell = pTable->Cell(Row,4);
oRange = oCell.GetRange();
oRange.InsertAfter(Text4);

}

void CreateMailMergeDataFile(_Application *pApp,_Document *pDoc)
{
  _Document oDataDoc;
  MailMerge oMailMerge;
  Documents oDocs;
  Tables oTables;
  Table oTable;
  Rows oRows;
  int iCount;
  COleVariant vtOptional((long)DISP_E_PARAMNOTFOUND,VT_ERROR),
vtFalse((short)FALSE);

// Create a data source at C:\DataDoc.doc containing the field data
  oMailMerge = pDoc->GetMailMerge();
  oMailMerge.CreateDataSource(COleVariant("C:\\DataDoc.doc"), \ 
        vtOptional,vtOptional, \ 
        COleVariant("FirstName, LastName, Address,CityStateZip"),\ 
        vtOptional, vtOptional,vtOptional,vtOptional,vtOptional);
  // Open the file to insert data
  oDocs = pApp->GetDocuments();
  oDataDoc = oDocs.Open(COleVariant("C:\\DataDoc.doc"), \ 
       vtOptional,vtOptional,vtOptional,vtOptional,\ 
       vtOptional,vtOptional,vtOptional,vtOptional,\ 
       vtOptional);
  oTables = oDataDoc.GetTables();
  oTable = oTables.Item(1);
  oRows = oTable.GetRows();
  for (iCount=1; iCount<=2; iCount++)  
    oRows.Add(vtOptional);

// Fill in the data
  FillRow(&oTable, 2, "Steve", "DeBroux", \ 
        "4567 Main Street", "Buffalo, NY  98052");
  FillRow(&oTable, 3, "Jan", "Miksovsky", \ 
        "1234 5th Street", "Charlotte, NC  98765");
  FillRow(&oTable, 4, "Brian", "Valentine", \ 
        "12348 78th Street  Apt. 214", "Lubbock, TX  25874");
  // Save and close the file
  oDataDoc.Save();
  oDataDoc.Close(vtFalse,vtOptional,vtOptional);
}

编译并运行程序。单击 “运行” 按钮，Microsoft Word 应启动并显示示例字母。请注意，Word 2000 和 Word 2002 中某些方法已更改。有关这些更改的详细信息，请参阅“参考”部分。

参考

有关自动执行 Microsoft Word 2000 和 Microsoft Word 2002 的说明

Microsoft Word 2000 和 Microsoft Word 2002 的某些方法和属性已更改。

有关 Office 自动化的详细信息，请访问 Microsoft Office 开发支持站点：Microsoft 支持部门

通过

如何使用 Visual C++ 和 MFC 自动执行 Microsoft Word 以执行邮件合并

摘要

更多信息

生成自动化示例

参考

有关自动执行 Microsoft Word 2000 和 Microsoft Word 2002 的说明

其他资源