创建内存优化表和本机编译的存储过程
本主题包含一个示例，该示例介绍内存中 OLTP 的语法。
该示例演示使应用程序可以使用内存中 OLTP。 它针对内存中 OLTP 设置数据库，创建显示 DURABILITY 选项的内存优化表，然后创建本机编译存储过程以访问内存优化表中的数据。 下面的 Transact-SQL 中详细介绍了以下步骤：
创建内存优化的数据文件组并且将容器添加到该文件组。
创建内存优化的表和索引。 有关详细信息，请参阅 CREATE TABLE (Transact-SQL)。
使用解释的 Transact-SQL，在创建本机编译的存储过程之前，将数据加载到内存优化表中并更新统计信息。 有关详细信息，请参阅 内存优化表的统计信息。
创建本机编译的存储过程以访问内存优化表中的数据。 有关详细信息，请参阅 CREATE PROCEDURE (Transact-SQL)。
根据需要，将数据从现有表迁移到内存优化的表。
有关如何使用 SQL Server Management Studio 创建内存优化表的信息，请参阅SQL Server Management Studio对 In-Memory OLTP 的支持。
下面的代码示例需要名为 c:\Data 的目录。
-- create a database with a memory-optimized filegroup and a container.
CREATE DATABASE imoltp
GO
ALTER DATABASE imoltp ADD FILEGROUP imoltp_mod CONTAINS MEMORY_OPTIMIZED_DATA
ALTER DATABASE imoltp ADD FILE (name='imoltp_mod1', filename='c:\data\imoltp_mod1') TO FILEGROUP imoltp_mod
ALTER DATABASE imoltp SET MEMORY_OPTIMIZED_ELEVATE_TO_SNAPSHOT=ON
GO
USE imoltp
GO
-- create a durable (data will be persisted) memory-optimized table
-- two of the columns are indexed
CREATE TABLE dbo.ShoppingCart (
ShoppingCartId INT IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED,
UserId INT NOT NULL INDEX ix_UserId NONCLUSTERED HASH WITH (BUCKET_COUNT=1000000),
CreatedDate DATETIME2 NOT NULL,
TotalPrice MONEY
) WITH (MEMORY_OPTIMIZED=ON)
GO
-- create a non-durable table. Data will not be persisted, data loss if the server turns off unexpectedly
CREATE TABLE dbo.UserSession (
SessionId INT IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED HASH WITH (BUCKET_COUNT=400000),
UserId int NOT NULL,
CreatedDate DATETIME2 NOT NULL,
ShoppingCartId INT,
INDEX ix_UserId NONCLUSTERED HASH (UserId) WITH (BUCKET_COUNT=400000)
) WITH (MEMORY_OPTIMIZED=ON, DURABILITY=SCHEMA_ONLY)
GO
-- insert data into the tables
INSERT dbo.UserSession (UserId, CreatedDate, ShoppingCartId) VALUES (342, SYSDATETIME(), 4)
INSERT dbo.UserSession (UserId, CreatedDate, ShoppingCartId) VALUES (65, SYSDATETIME(), NULL)
INSERT dbo.UserSession (UserId, CreatedDate, ShoppingCartId) VALUES (8798, SYSDATETIME(), 1)
INSERT dbo.UserSession (UserId, CreatedDate, ShoppingCartId) VALUES (80, SYSDATETIME(), NULL)
INSERT dbo.UserSession (UserId, CreatedDate, ShoppingCartId) VALUES (4321, SYSDATETIME(), NULL)
INSERT dbo.UserSession (UserId, CreatedDate, ShoppingCartId) VALUES (8578, SYSDATETIME(), NULL)
INSERT dbo.ShoppingCart VALUES (UserId, CreatedDate, TotalPrice) (8798, SYSDATETIME(), NULL)
INSERT dbo.ShoppingCart VALUES (UserId, CreatedDate, TotalPrice) (23, SYSDATETIME(), 45.4)
INSERT dbo.ShoppingCart VALUES (UserId, CreatedDate, TotalPrice) (80, SYSDATETIME(), NULL)
INSERT dbo.ShoppingCart VALUES (UserId, CreatedDate, TotalPrice) (342, SYSDATETIME(), 65.4)
GO
-- verify table contents
SELECT * FROM dbo.UserSession
SELECT * FROM dbo.ShoppingCart
GO
-- update statistics on memory-optimized tables
UPDATE STATISTICS dbo.UserSession WITH FULLSCAN, NORECOMPUTE
UPDATE STATISTICS dbo.ShoppingCart WITH FULLSCAN, NORECOMPUTE
GO
-- in an explicit transaction, assign a cart to a session and update the total price.
-- SELECT/UPDATE/DELETE statements in explicit transactions
BEGIN TRAN
UPDATE dbo.UserSession SET ShoppingCartId=3 WHERE SessionId=4
UPDATE dbo.ShoppingCart SET TotalPrice=65.84 WHERE ShoppingCartId=3
COMMIT
GO
-- verify table contents
SELECT *
FROM dbo.UserSession u
JOIN dbo.ShoppingCart s on u.ShoppingCartId=s.ShoppingCartId
WHERE u.SessionId=4
GO
-- natively compiled stored procedure for assigning a shopping cart to a session
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.usp_AssignCart @SessionId int
WITH NATIVE_COMPILATION, SCHEMABINDING, EXECUTE AS OWNER
AS
BEGIN ATOMIC
WITH (TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL = SNAPSHOT, LANGUAGE = N'us_english')
DECLARE @UserId INT,
@ShoppingCartId INT
SELECT @UserId=UserId, @ShoppingCartId=ShoppingCartId
FROM dbo.UserSession WHERE SessionId=@SessionId
IF @UserId IS NULL
THROW 51000, N'The session or shopping cart does not exist.', 1
UPDATE dbo.UserSession SET ShoppingCartId=@ShoppingCartId WHERE SessionId=@SessionId
END
GO
EXEC usp_AssignCart 1
GO
-- natively compiled stored procedure for inserting a large number of rows
-- this demonstrates the performance of native procs
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.usp_InsertSampleCarts @InsertCount int
WITH NATIVE_COMPILATION, SCHEMABINDING, EXECUTE AS OWNER
AS
BEGIN ATOMIC
WITH (TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL = SNAPSHOT, LANGUAGE = N'us_english')
DECLARE @i int = 0
WHILE @i < @InsertCount
BEGIN
INSERT INTO dbo.ShoppingCart (UserId, CreatedDate, TotalPrice) VALUES (1, SYSDATETIME() , NULL)
SET @i += 1
END
END
GO
-- insert 1,000,000 rows
EXEC usp_InsertSampleCarts 1000000
GO
---- verify the rows have been inserted
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM dbo.ShoppingCart
GO
-- sample memory-optimized tables for sales orders and sales order details
CREATE TABLE dbo.SalesOrders
(
so_id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED,
cust_id INT NOT NULL,
so_date DATE NOT NULL INDEX ix_date NONCLUSTERED,
so_total MONEY NOT NULL,
INDEX ix_date_total NONCLUSTERED (so_date DESC, so_total DESC)
) WITH (MEMORY_OPTIMIZED=ON)
GO
CREATE TABLE dbo.SalesOrderDetails
(
so_id INT NOT NULL,
lineitem_id INT NOT NULL,
product_id INT NOT NULL,
unitprice MONEY NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT PK_SOD PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED (so_id,lineitem_id)
) WITH (MEMORY_OPTIMIZED=ON)
GO
-- memory-optimized table type for collecting sales order details
CREATE TYPE dbo.SalesOrderDetailsType AS TABLE
(
so_id INT NOT NULL,
lineitem_id INT NOT NULL,
product_id INT NOT NULL,
unitprice MONEY NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED (so_id,lineitem_id)
) WITH (MEMORY_OPTIMIZED=ON)
GO
-- stored procedure that inserts a sales order, along with its details
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.InsertSalesOrder @so_id INT, @cust_id INT, @items dbo.SalesOrderDetailsType READONLY
WITH NATIVE_COMPILATION, SCHEMABINDING, EXECUTE AS OWNER
AS BEGIN ATOMIC WITH
(
TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL = SNAPSHOT,
LANGUAGE = N'us_english'
)
DECLARE @total MONEY
SELECT @total = SUM(unitprice) FROM @items
INSERT dbo.SalesOrders VALUES (so_id, cust_id, so_date, so_total) (@so_id, @cust_id, getdate(), @total)
INSERT dbo.SalesOrderDetails SELECT so_id, lineitem_id, product_id, unitprice FROM @items
END
GO
-- insert a sample sales order
DECLARE @so_id INT = 18,
@cust_id INT = 8,
@items dbo.SalesOrderDetailsType
INSERT @items VALUES
(@so_id, 1, 4, 43),
(@so_id, 2, 3, 3),
(@so_id, 3, 8, 453),
(@so_id, 4, 5, 76),
(@so_id, 5, 4, 43)
EXEC dbo.InsertSalesOrder @so_id, @cust_id, @items
GO
-- verify the content of the tables
SELECT
so.so_id,
so.so_date,
sod.lineitem_id,
sod.product_id,
sod.unitprice
FROM dbo.SalesOrders so JOIN dbo.SalesOrderDetails sod on so.so_id=sod.so_id
ORDER BY so.so_id, sod.lineitem_id