如何确定身份验证类型是否为 Kerberos

2025-04-08

本文提供分步说明，帮助你确定连接到 Microsoft SQL Server 时使用的身份验证类型。请确保在客户端计算机上运行步骤，而不是在安装了要测试的 SQL Server 实例的服务器上运行这些步骤。否则，即使正确配置了 Kerberos，输出中的 auth_scheme 值也始终为 NTLM。之所以发生这种情况，是因为在 Windows 2008 中添加了每服务 SID 安全强化功能。无论 Kerberos 是否可用，此功能都会强制所有本地连接使用 NTLM。

使用 SQL Server Management Studio

打开 SQL Server Management Studio 并连接到 SQL Server 实例。

运行以下查询：

SELECT auth_scheme FROM sys.dm_exec_connections WHERE session_id = @@SPID

或者，若要检索其他连接详细信息，请运行以下查询：

SELECT c.session_id, c.net_transport, c.encrypt_option,
       c.auth_scheme, s.host_name, @@SERVERNAME AS "remote_name",
       s.program_name, s.client_interface_name, s.login_name,
       s.nt_domain, s.nt_user_name, s.original_login_name,
       c.connect_time, s.login_time
FROM sys.dm_exec_connections AS c
JOIN sys.dm_exec_sessions AS s ON c.session_id = s.session_id
WHERE c.session_id = @@SPID

查看结果中的 auth_scheme 列以确定身份验证类型。

使用命令行

打开命令提示符。

运行以下命令，将 <ServerName> 替换为您的服务器名称：

sqlcmd -S <ServerName> -E -Q "SELECT auth_scheme FROM sys.dm_exec_connections WHERE session_id = @@SPID"

类似于以下输出的结果将指示身份验证类型：

auth_scheme
----------------------------------------
NTLM

(1 rows affected)

使用 VBScript

将以下 VBScript 代码复制到文本编辑器（如记事本）中，并将其另存为 getAuthScheme.vbs：

' Auth scheme VB script.
' Run on a client machine, not the server.
' If you run locally, you will always get NTLM even if Kerberos is properly enabled.
'
' USAGE:  CSCRIPT getAuthScheme.vbs tcp:SQLProd01.contoso.com,1433   ' explicitly specify DNS suffix, protocol, and port # ('tcp' must be lower case)
' USAGE:  CSCRIPT getAuthScheme.vbs SQLProd01                        ' let the driver figure out the DNS suffix, protocol, and port #
'
Dim cn, rs, s
s = WScript.Arguments.Item(0)              ' get the server name from the command-line
Set cn = createobject("adodb.connection")
'
' Various connection strings depending on the driver/Provider installed on your machine
' SQLOLEDB is selected as it is on all windows machines, but may have limitations, such as lack of TLS 1.2 support
' Choose a newer provider or driver if you have it installed.
'
cn.open "Provider=SQLOLEDB;Data Source=" & s & ";Initial Catalog=master;Integrated Security=SSPI"          ' On all Windows machines
'cn.open "Provider=SQLNCLI11;Data Source=" & s & ";Initial Catalog=master;Integrated Security=SSPI"        ' Newer
'cn.open "Provider=MSOLEDBSQL;Data Source=" & s & ";Initial Catalog=master;Integrated Security=SSPI"       ' Latest, good for SQL 2012 and newer
'cn.open "Driver={ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server};Server=" & s & ";Database=master;Trusted_Connection=Yes"  ' Latest
'
' Run the query and display the results
'
set rs = cn.Execute("SELECT auth_scheme FROM sys.dm_exec_connections WHERE session_id = @@SPID")
WScript.Echo "Auth scheme: " & rs(0)
rs.close
cn.close

在命令提示符中运行以下命令，并将 <ServerName> 替换为您的服务器名称：
```
cscript getAuthScheme.vbs <ServerName>
```

类似于以下输出的结果将指示身份验证类型：

Microsoft (R) Windows Script Host Version 5.812
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Auth scheme: NTLM

使用 Windows PowerShell

可以使用 Windows PowerShell 测试 SqlClient .NET 提供程序，以尝试将问题与应用程序隔离开来：

将以下 PowerShell 脚本复制到文本编辑器（如记事本）中，并将其另存为 get-SqlAuthScheme.ps1。

#-------------------------------
#
# get-SqlAuthScheme.ps1
#
# PowerShell script to test a System.Data.SqlClient database connection
#
# USAGE: 
#   .\get-SqlAuthScheme tcp:SQLProd01.contoso.com,1433   # Explicitly specify DNS suffix, protocol, and port ('tcp' must be lowercase)
#   .\get-SqlAuthScheme SQLProd01                        # Let the driver figure out the DNS suffix, protocol, and port
#
#-------------------------------
# Define a parameter for the server name, defaulting to "localhost" if not provided
param ([string]$server = "localhost")

# Set the execution policy for the current user to Unrestricted
Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted -Scope CurrentUser -Force

# Build the connection string for the SQL Server connection
$connstr = "Server=$($server);Database=master;Integrated Security=SSPI"

# Create a new SQL connection object
$conn = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection
$conn.ConnectionString = $connstr

# Record the start time of the operation
$start = Get-Date

# Open the SQL connection
$conn.Open()

# Create a new SQL command object
$cmd = $conn.CreateCommand()
$cmd.CommandText = "SELECT auth_scheme FROM sys.dm_exec_connections WHERE session_id = @@SPID" # Query to get the authentication scheme

# Execute the query and retrieve the result
$dr = $cmd.ExecuteReader()
$dr.Read() | Out-Null # Read the first row of the result set
$auth_scheme = $dr.GetString(0) # Get the authentication scheme from the first column

# Close and dispose of the SQL connection
$conn.Close()
$conn.Dispose()

# Record the end time of the operation
$end = Get-Date

# Calculate the elapsed time
$span = $end - $start

# Output the results
Write-Output "Elapsed time was $($span.TotalMilliseconds) ms."    # Display the elapsed time in milliseconds
Write-Output "Auth scheme for $($server): $auth_scheme"   # Display the authentication scheme for the server

打开 Windows PowerShell，导航到包含脚本的文件夹，然后运行以下命令：
```
.\get-sqlauthscheme <ServerName>  # Replace "<ServerName>" with your server name.
```
类似于以下输出的结果将指示身份验证类型：
```
Elapsed time was 0 ms.
Auth scheme for <ServerName>: NTLM
```

详细信息

SQL Server 中的一致身份验证问题

通过