客户端如何对基于 SCP 的 Windows 套接字服务进行身份验证

2025-04-18

本主题介绍客户端应用程序用于为服务编写 SPN 的代码。客户端绑定到服务的服务连接点（SCP），以检索连接到服务所需的数据。 SCP 还包含客户端可用于撰写服务的 SPN 的数据。有关详细信息和绑定到 SCP 并检索必要属性的代码示例，请参阅客户端如何查找和使用服务连接点。

本主题还介绍了客户端如何使用 SSPI 安全包和服务 SPN 建立与 Windows 套接字服务的相互身份验证的连接。请注意，此代码与 Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 及更早版本所需的代码几乎完全相同，只是为了向服务器验证客户端。唯一的区别是客户端必须提供 SPN 并指定ISC_REQ_MUTUAL_AUTH标志。

用于为服务生成 SPN 的客户端代码

// Initialize these strings by querying the service's SCP.
TCHAR szDn[MAX_PATH],     // DN of the service's SCP.
      szServer[MAX_PATH], // DNS name of the service's server.
      szClass[MAX_PATH];  // Service class.
 
TCHAR szSpn[MAX_PATH];    // Buffer for SPN.
SOCKET sockServer;        // Socket connected to service.
DWORD dwRes, dwLen;
.
.
.
// Compose the SPN for the service using the DN, Class, and Server
// returned by ScpLocate.
dwLen = sizeof(szSpn);
dwRes = DsMakeSpn(
     szClass,    // Service class.
     szDn,       // DN of the service's SCP.
     szServer,   // DNS name of the server on which service is running.
     0,          // No port component in SPN.
     NULL,       // No referrer.
     &dwLen,     // Size of szSpn buffer.
     szSpn);     // Buffer to receive the SPN.

if (!DoAuthentication (sockServer, szSpn)) {
    closesocket (sockServer);
    return(FALSE);
}
.
.
.

用于对服务进行身份验证的客户端代码

此代码示例由两个例程组成： DoAuthentication 和 GenClientContext。调用 DsMakeSpn 为服务编写 SPN 后，客户端会将 SPN 传递给 DoAuthentication 例程，该例程调用 GenClientContext 以生成要发送到服务的初始缓冲区。 DoAuthentication 使用套接字句柄发送缓冲区，并通过另一次调用 GenClientContext 接收传递给 SSPI 包的服务响应。在身份验证失败或 GenClientContext 设置指示身份验证成功的标志之前，将重复此循环。

GenClientContext 例程与 SSPI 包交互，以生成要发送到服务的身份验证数据并处理从服务接收的数据。客户端提供的身份验证数据的关键组件包括：

标识服务所需身份验证凭据的服务主体名称。
客户端凭据。安全包的 AcquireCredentialsHandle 函数从客户端在登录时建立的安全上下文中提取这些凭据。
若要请求相互身份验证，客户端必须在 GenClientContext 例程期间调用 InitializeSecurityContext 函数时指定ISC_REQ_MUTUAL_AUTH标志。

// Structure for storing the state of the authentication sequence.
typedef struct _AUTH_SEQ 
{
    BOOL _fNewConversation;
    CredHandle _hcred;
    BOOL _fHaveCredHandle;
    BOOL _fHaveCtxtHandle;
    struct _SecHandle  _hctxt;
} AUTH_SEQ, *PAUTH_SEQ;
 
/***************************************************************/
//   DoAuthentication routine for the client.
//
//   Manages the client's authentication conversation with the service 
//   using the supplied socket handle.
//
//   Returns TRUE if the mutual authentication is successful.
//   Otherwise, it returns FALSE.
//
/***************************************************************/
BOOL DoAuthentication (
        SOCKET s, 
        LPTSTR szSpn)
{
BOOL done = FALSE;
DWORD cbOut, cbIn;
 
// Call the security package to generate the initial buffer of 
// authentication data to send to the service.
cbOut = g_cbMaxMessage;
if (!GenClientContext (s, NULL, 0, g_pOutBuf, 
                       &cbOut, &done, szSpn))
    return(FALSE);
    
if (!SendMsg (s, g_pOutBuf, cbOut))
    return(FALSE);
 
// Pass the service's response back to the security package, and send 
// the package's output back to the service. Repeat until complete.
while (!done) 
{
    if (!ReceiveMsg (s, g_pInBuf, g_cbMaxMessage, &cbIn))
        return(FALSE);
 
    cbOut = g_cbMaxMessage;
    if (!GenClientContext (s, g_pInBuf, cbIn, g_pOutBuf, 
                           &cbOut, &done, szSpn))
        return(FALSE);
 
    if (!SendMsg (s, g_pOutBuf, cbOut))
        return(FALSE);
}
 
return(TRUE);
}
 
/***************************************************************/
//   GenClientContext routine
//
//   Handles the client's interactions with the security package.
//   Optionally takes an input buffer coming from the service 
//   and generates a buffer of data to send back to the 
//   service. Also returns an indication when the authentication
//   is complete.
//
//   Returns TRUE if the mutual authentication is successful.
//   Otherwise, it returns FALSE.
//
/***************************************************************/
BOOL GenClientContext (
            DWORD dwKey,     // Socket handle used as key.
            BYTE *pIn,
            DWORD cbIn,
            BYTE *pOut,
            DWORD *pcbOut,
            BOOL *pfDone,
            LPTSTR szSpn)
{
SECURITY_STATUS  ssStatus;
TimeStamp        Lifetime;
SecBufferDesc    OutBuffDesc;
SecBuffer        OutSecBuff;
SecBufferDesc    InBuffDesc;
SecBuffer        InSecBuff;
ULONG            ContextAttributes;
PAUTH_SEQ        pAS; // Structure to store state of authentication.
 
// Get structure that contains the state of the authentication sequence.
if (!GetEntry (dwKey, (PVOID*) &pAS))
    return(FALSE);
 
if (pAS->_fNewConversation)
{
    ssStatus = g_pFuncs->AcquireCredentialsHandle (
            NULL,    // Principal
            PACKAGE_NAME,
            SECPKG_CRED_OUTBOUND,
            NULL,    // LOGON id
            NULL,    // Authentication data
            NULL,    // Get key function.
            NULL,    // Get key argument.
            &pAS->_hcred,
            &Lifetime
            );
    if (SEC_SUCCESS (ssStatus))
        pAS->_fHaveCredHandle = TRUE;
    else 
    {
        fprintf (stderr, 
                 "AcquireCredentialsHandle failed: %u\n", ssStatus);
        return(FALSE);
    }
}
 
// Prepare output buffer.
OutBuffDesc.ulVersion = 0;
OutBuffDesc.cBuffers = 1;
OutBuffDesc.pBuffers = &OutSecBuff;
 
OutSecBuff.cbBuffer = *pcbOut;
OutSecBuff.BufferType = SECBUFFER_TOKEN;
OutSecBuff.pvBuffer = pOut;
 
// Prepare input buffer.
if (!pAS->_fNewConversation) 
{
    InBuffDesc.ulVersion = 0;
    InBuffDesc.cBuffers = 1;
    InBuffDesc.pBuffers = &InSecBuff;
 
    InSecBuff.cbBuffer = cbIn;
    InSecBuff.BufferType = SECBUFFER_TOKEN;
    InSecBuff.pvBuffer = pIn;
}
 
_tprintf(TEXT("InitializeSecurityContext: pszTarget=%s\n"),szSpn);
 
ssStatus = g_pFuncs->InitializeSecurityContext (
                     &pAS->_hcred,
                     pAS->_fNewConversation ? NULL : &pAS->_hctxt,
                     szSpn,
                     ISC_REQ_MUTUAL_AUTH,      // Context requirements
                     0,                        // Reserved1
                     SECURITY_NATIVE_DREP,
                     pAS->_fNewConversation ? NULL : &InBuffDesc,
                     0,                        // Reserved2
                     &pAS->_hctxt,
                     &OutBuffDesc,
                     &ContextAttributes,
                     &Lifetime
                     );
if (!SEC_SUCCESS (ssStatus)) 
{
    fprintf (stderr, "init context failed: %X\n", ssStatus);
    return FALSE;
}
 
pAS->_fHaveCtxtHandle = TRUE;
 
// Complete token if applicable.
if ( (SEC_I_COMPLETE_NEEDED == ssStatus) || 
     (SEC_I_COMPLETE_AND_CONTINUE == ssStatus))  
{
    if (g_pFuncs->CompleteAuthToken) 
    {
        ssStatus = g_pFuncs->CompleteAuthToken (&pAS->_hctxt, 
                                                &OutBuffDesc);
        if (!SEC_SUCCESS(ssStatus)) 
        {
            fprintf (stderr, "complete failed: %u\n", ssStatus);
            return FALSE;
        }
    } else 
    {
        fprintf (stderr, "Complete not supported.\n");
        return FALSE;
    }
}
 
*pcbOut = OutSecBuff.cbBuffer;
 
if (pAS->_fNewConversation)
    pAS->_fNewConversation = FALSE;
 
*pfDone = !((SEC_I_CONTINUE_NEEDED == ssStatus) ||
            (SEC_I_COMPLETE_AND_CONTINUE == ssStatus));
 
// Check the ISC_RET_MUTUAL_AUTH flag to verify that 
// mutual authentication was performed.
if (*pfDone && !(ContextAttributes && ISC_RET_MUTUAL_AUTH) )
    _tprintf(TEXT("Mutual Auth not set in returned context.\n"));
 
return TRUE;
}

通过

客户端如何对基于 SCP 的 Windows 套接字服务进行身份验证

用于为服务生成 SPN 的客户端代码

用于对服务进行身份验证的客户端代码

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