如何滚动文本
本节介绍可以对应用程序的主窗口过程进行的更改，以便让用户能够滚动文本。 本节中的示例创建并显示一个文本字符串数组，并处理 WM_HSCROLL 和 WM_VSCROLL 滚动条消息，以便让用户能够垂直和水平滚动文本。
需要了解的事项
技术
先决条件
- C/C++
- Windows 用户界面编程
说明
处理 WM_CREATE 消息
滚动单位通常是在处理 WM_CREATE 消息时设置的。 根据与窗口的设备上下文 (DC) 相关联的字体的尺寸可以非常方便地确定滚动单位。 要检索特定 DC 的字体尺寸，请使用 GetTextMetrics 函数。
在本节的示例中，一个垂直滚动单位相当于一个字符单元的高度加上外部前导字符。 一个水平滚动单位相当于一个字符单元的平均宽度。 因此，除非屏幕字体是固定宽度，否则水平滚动位置与实际字符并不对应。
处理 WM_SIZE 消息
在处理 WM_SIZE 消息时，可以方便地调整滚动范围和滚动位置，以反映客户区的尺寸以及将要显示的文本行数。
SetScrollInfo 函数用于设置滚动条的最小和最大位置值、页面大小和滚动位置。
处理 WM_HSCROLL 和 WM_VSCROLL 消息
每当用户单击滚动条或拖动滚动框时，滚动条都会向窗口过程发送 WM_HSCROLL 和 WM_VSCROLL 消息。 WM_VSCROLL 和 WM_HSCROLL 的低序词各包含一个请求代码，用于指示滚动操作的方向和幅度。
在处理 WM_HSCROLL 和 WM_VSCROLL 消息时，将检查滚动条请求代码并计算滚动增量。 将增量应用到当前滚动位置后，使用 ScrollWindowEx 函数将窗口滚动到新位置，并使用 SetScrollInfo 函数来调整滚动框的位置。
在滚动窗口后，其客户区的一部分将失效。 为确保更新无效区域，将使用 UpdateWindow 函数来生成 WM_PAINT 消息。
处理 WM_PAINT 消息
在处理 WM_PAINT 消息时，可以方便地在窗口的无效部分绘制要显示的文本行。 以下示例使用当前滚动位置和无效区域的尺寸来确定无效区域内的行范围，以便显示这些行。
滚动文本的示例
以下示例是在客户区显示文本的窗口过程。 该示例演示了如何根据水平和垂直滚动条的输入来滚动文本。
#include "strsafe.h"
LRESULT CALLBACK MyTextWindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
HDC hdc;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
TEXTMETRIC tm;
SCROLLINFO si;
// These variables are required to display text.
static int xClient; // width of client area
static int yClient; // height of client area
static int xClientMax; // maximum width of client area
static int xChar; // horizontal scrolling unit
static int yChar; // vertical scrolling unit
static int xUpper; // average width of uppercase letters
static int xPos; // current horizontal scrolling position
static int yPos; // current vertical scrolling position
int i; // loop counter
int x, y; // horizontal and vertical coordinates
int FirstLine; // first line in the invalidated area
int LastLine; // last line in the invalidated area
HRESULT hr;
size_t abcLength; // length of an abc[] item
// Create an array of lines to display.
#define LINES 28
static TCHAR *abc[] = {
TEXT("anteater"), TEXT("bear"), TEXT("cougar"),
TEXT("dingo"), TEXT("elephant"), TEXT("falcon"),
TEXT("gazelle"), TEXT("hyena"), TEXT("iguana"),
TEXT("jackal"), TEXT("kangaroo"), TEXT("llama"),
TEXT("moose"), TEXT("newt"), TEXT("octopus"),
TEXT("penguin"), TEXT("quail"), TEXT("rat"),
TEXT("squid"), TEXT("tortoise"), TEXT("urus"),
TEXT("vole"), TEXT("walrus"), TEXT("xylophone"),
TEXT("yak"), TEXT("zebra"),
TEXT("This line contains words, but no character. Go figure."),
TEXT("")
};
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_CREATE :
// Get the handle to the client area's device context.
hdc = GetDC (hwnd);
// Extract font dimensions from the text metrics.
GetTextMetrics (hdc, &tm);
xChar = tm.tmAveCharWidth;
xUpper = (tm.tmPitchAndFamily & 1 ? 3 : 2) * xChar/2;
yChar = tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading;
// Free the device context.
ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc);
// Set an arbitrary maximum width for client area.
// (xClientMax is the sum of the widths of 48 average
// lowercase letters and 12 uppercase letters.)
xClientMax = 48 * xChar + 12 * xUpper;
return 0;
case WM_SIZE:
// Retrieve the dimensions of the client area.
yClient = HIWORD (lParam);
xClient = LOWORD (lParam);
// Set the vertical scrolling range and page size
si.cbSize = sizeof(si);
si.fMask = SIF_RANGE | SIF_PAGE;
si.nMin = 0;
si.nMax = LINES - 1;
si.nPage = yClient / yChar;
SetScrollInfo(hwnd, SB_VERT, &si, TRUE);
// Set the horizontal scrolling range and page size.
si.cbSize = sizeof(si);
si.fMask = SIF_RANGE | SIF_PAGE;
si.nMin = 0;
si.nMax = 2 + xClientMax / xChar;
si.nPage = xClient / xChar;
SetScrollInfo(hwnd, SB_HORZ, &si, TRUE);
return 0;
case WM_HSCROLL:
// Get all the vertial scroll bar information.
si.cbSize = sizeof (si);
si.fMask = SIF_ALL;
// Save the position for comparison later on.
GetScrollInfo (hwnd, SB_HORZ, &si);
xPos = si.nPos;
switch (LOWORD (wParam))
{
// User clicked the left arrow.
case SB_LINELEFT:
si.nPos -= 1;
break;
// User clicked the right arrow.
case SB_LINERIGHT:
si.nPos += 1;
break;
// User clicked the scroll bar shaft left of the scroll box.
case SB_PAGELEFT:
si.nPos -= si.nPage;
break;
// User clicked the scroll bar shaft right of the scroll box.
case SB_PAGERIGHT:
si.nPos += si.nPage;
break;
// User dragged the scroll box.
case SB_THUMBTRACK:
si.nPos = si.nTrackPos;
break;
default :
break;
}
// Set the position and then retrieve it. Due to adjustments
// by Windows it may not be the same as the value set.
si.fMask = SIF_POS;
SetScrollInfo (hwnd, SB_HORZ, &si, TRUE);
GetScrollInfo (hwnd, SB_HORZ, &si);
// If the position has changed, scroll the window.
if (si.nPos != xPos)
{
ScrollWindow(hwnd, xChar * (xPos - si.nPos), 0, NULL, NULL);
}
return 0;
case WM_VSCROLL:
// Get all the vertial scroll bar information.
si.cbSize = sizeof (si);
si.fMask = SIF_ALL;
GetScrollInfo (hwnd, SB_VERT, &si);
// Save the position for comparison later on.
yPos = si.nPos;
switch (LOWORD (wParam))
{
// User clicked the HOME keyboard key.
case SB_TOP:
si.nPos = si.nMin;
break;
// User clicked the END keyboard key.
case SB_BOTTOM:
si.nPos = si.nMax;
break;
// User clicked the top arrow.
case SB_LINEUP:
si.nPos -= 1;
break;
// User clicked the bottom arrow.
case SB_LINEDOWN:
si.nPos += 1;
break;
// User clicked the scroll bar shaft above the scroll box.
case SB_PAGEUP:
si.nPos -= si.nPage;
break;
// User clicked the scroll bar shaft below the scroll box.
case SB_PAGEDOWN:
si.nPos += si.nPage;
break;
// User dragged the scroll box.
case SB_THUMBTRACK:
si.nPos = si.nTrackPos;
break;
default:
break;
}
// Set the position and then retrieve it. Due to adjustments
// by Windows it may not be the same as the value set.
si.fMask = SIF_POS;
SetScrollInfo (hwnd, SB_VERT, &si, TRUE);
GetScrollInfo (hwnd, SB_VERT, &si);
// If the position has changed, scroll window and update it.
if (si.nPos != yPos)
{
ScrollWindow(hwnd, 0, yChar * (yPos - si.nPos), NULL, NULL);
UpdateWindow (hwnd);
}
return 0;
case WM_PAINT :
// Prepare the window for painting.
hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps);
// Get vertical scroll bar position.
si.cbSize = sizeof (si);
si.fMask = SIF_POS;
GetScrollInfo (hwnd, SB_VERT, &si);
yPos = si.nPos;
// Get horizontal scroll bar position.
GetScrollInfo (hwnd, SB_HORZ, &si);
xPos = si.nPos;
// Find painting limits.
FirstLine = max (0, yPos + ps.rcPaint.top / yChar);
LastLine = min (LINES - 1, yPos + ps.rcPaint.bottom / yChar);
for (i = FirstLine; i <= LastLine; i++)
{
x = xChar * (1 - xPos);
y = yChar * (i - yPos);
// Note that "55" in the following depends on the
// maximum size of an abc[] item. Also, you must include
// strsafe.h to use the StringCchLength function.
hr = StringCchLength(abc[i], 55, &abcLength);
if ((FAILED(hr))|(abcLength == NULL))
{
//
// TODO: write error handler
//
}
// Write a line of text to the client area.
TextOut(hdc, x, y, abc[i], abcLength);
}
// Indicate that painting is finished.
EndPaint (hwnd, &ps);
return 0;
case WM_DESTROY :
PostQuitMessage (0);
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc (hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
}
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