时间触发器示例 (C++)
此 C++ 示例演示如何创建计划于指定时间执行记事本的任务。 该任务包含一个基于时间的触发器，该触发器指定任务的起始边界和结束边界。 该任务还包含指定要执行记事本的任务的操作。 该任务使用交互式登录类型进行注册，这意味着该任务在运行应用程序的用户的安全上下文下运行。 该任务还包含空闲设置，该设置指定任务计划程序在计算机处于空闲状态时如何执行任务。
以下过程介绍如何计划任务以在特定时间启动可执行文件。
计划记事本在特定时间开始
初始化 COM 并设置常规 COM 安全性。
创建 ITaskService 对象。
此对象允许在指定文件夹中创建任务。
获取任务文件夹以在其中创建任务。
使用 ITaskService：：GetFolder 方法获取文件夹，使用 ITaskService：：NewTask 方法创建 ITaskDefinition 对象。
使用 ITaskDefinition 对象定义有关任务的信息，例如任务的注册信息。
使用 ITaskDefinition 的 RegistrationInfo 属性 和 ITaskDefinition 接口的其他属性定义任务信息。
使用 ITaskDefinition 的 Triggers 属性 创建基于时间的触发器，以访问任务的 ITriggerCollection 。
使用 ITriggerCollection：：Create 方法 (指定要创建) 创建基于时间的触发器的触发器的类型。 这样，可以设置触发器的起始边界和结束边界，以便任务的操作计划在指定时间执行。
使用 ITaskDefinition 的 Actions 属性 访问任务的 IActionCollection 接口，为任务创建一个操作。
使用 IActionCollection：：Create 方法指定要创建的操作类型。 此示例使用 IExecAction 对象，该对象表示执行命令行操作的操作。
使用 ITaskFolder：：RegisterTaskDefinition 方法注册任务。
以下 C++ 示例演示如何计划任务在注册任务后一分钟执行记事本。
/********************************************************************
This sample schedules a task to start notepad.exe 1 minute from the
time the task is registered.
********************************************************************/
#define _WIN32_DCOM
#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <comdef.h>
#include <wincred.h>
// Include the task header file.
#include <taskschd.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "taskschd.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "comsupp.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "credui.lib")
using namespace std;
int __cdecl wmain()
{
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Initialize COM.
HRESULT hr = CoInitializeEx(NULL, COINIT_MULTITHREADED);
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCoInitializeEx failed: %x", hr );
return 1;
}
// Set general COM security levels.
hr = CoInitializeSecurity(
NULL,
-1,
NULL,
NULL,
RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT_PRIVACY,
RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE,
NULL,
0,
NULL);
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCoInitializeSecurity failed: %x", hr );
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Create a name for the task.
LPCWSTR wszTaskName = L"Time Trigger Test Task";
// Get the windows directory and set the path to notepad.exe.
wstring wstrExecutablePath = _wgetenv( L"WINDIR");
wstrExecutablePath += L"\\SYSTEM32\\NOTEPAD.EXE";
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Create an instance of the Task Service.
ITaskService *pService = NULL;
hr = CoCreateInstance( CLSID_TaskScheduler,
NULL,
CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
IID_ITaskService,
(void**)&pService );
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("Failed to create an instance of ITaskService: %x", hr);
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Connect to the task service.
hr = pService->Connect(_variant_t(), _variant_t(),
_variant_t(), _variant_t());
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("ITaskService::Connect failed: %x", hr );
pService->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Get the pointer to the root task folder. This folder will hold the
// new task that is registered.
ITaskFolder *pRootFolder = NULL;
hr = pService->GetFolder( _bstr_t( L"\\") , &pRootFolder );
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("Cannot get Root folder pointer: %x", hr );
pService->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// If the same task exists, remove it.
pRootFolder->DeleteTask( _bstr_t( wszTaskName), 0 );
// Create the task definition object to create the task.
ITaskDefinition *pTask = NULL;
hr = pService->NewTask( 0, &pTask );
pService->Release(); // COM clean up. Pointer is no longer used.
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("Failed to CoCreate an instance of the TaskService class: %x", hr);
pRootFolder->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Get the registration info for setting the identification.
IRegistrationInfo *pRegInfo= NULL;
hr = pTask->get_RegistrationInfo( &pRegInfo );
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot get identification pointer: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
hr = pRegInfo->put_Author( L"Author Name" );
pRegInfo->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot put identification info: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Create the principal for the task - these credentials
// are overwritten with the credentials passed to RegisterTaskDefinition
IPrincipal *pPrincipal = NULL;
hr = pTask->get_Principal( &pPrincipal );
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot get principal pointer: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Set up principal logon type to interactive logon
hr = pPrincipal->put_LogonType( TASK_LOGON_INTERACTIVE_TOKEN );
pPrincipal->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot put principal info: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Create the settings for the task
ITaskSettings *pSettings = NULL;
hr = pTask->get_Settings( &pSettings );
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot get settings pointer: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Set setting values for the task.
hr = pSettings->put_StartWhenAvailable(VARIANT_TRUE);
pSettings->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot put setting information: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Set the idle settings for the task.
IIdleSettings *pIdleSettings = NULL;
hr = pSettings->get_IdleSettings( &pIdleSettings );
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot get idle setting information: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
hr = pIdleSettings->put_WaitTimeout(L"PT5M");
pIdleSettings->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot put idle setting information: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Get the trigger collection to insert the time trigger.
ITriggerCollection *pTriggerCollection = NULL;
hr = pTask->get_Triggers( &pTriggerCollection );
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot get trigger collection: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Add the time trigger to the task.
ITrigger *pTrigger = NULL;
hr = pTriggerCollection->Create( TASK_TRIGGER_TIME, &pTrigger );
pTriggerCollection->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot create trigger: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
ITimeTrigger *pTimeTrigger = NULL;
hr = pTrigger->QueryInterface(
IID_ITimeTrigger, (void**) &pTimeTrigger );
pTrigger->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nQueryInterface call failed for ITimeTrigger: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
hr = pTimeTrigger->put_Id( _bstr_t( L"Trigger1" ) );
if( FAILED(hr) )
printf("\nCannot put trigger ID: %x", hr);
hr = pTimeTrigger->put_EndBoundary( _bstr_t(L"2015-05-02T08:00:00") );
if( FAILED(hr) )
printf("\nCannot put end boundary on trigger: %x", hr);
// Set the task to start at a certain time. The time
// format should be YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS(+-)(timezone).
// For example, the start boundary below
// is January 1st 2005 at 12:05
hr = pTimeTrigger->put_StartBoundary( _bstr_t(L"2005-01-01T12:05:00") );
pTimeTrigger->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot add start boundary to trigger: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Add an action to the task. This task will execute notepad.exe.
IActionCollection *pActionCollection = NULL;
// Get the task action collection pointer.
hr = pTask->get_Actions( &pActionCollection );
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot get Task collection pointer: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Create the action, specifying that it is an executable action.
IAction *pAction = NULL;
hr = pActionCollection->Create( TASK_ACTION_EXEC, &pAction );
pActionCollection->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot create the action: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
IExecAction *pExecAction = NULL;
// QI for the executable task pointer.
hr = pAction->QueryInterface(
IID_IExecAction, (void**) &pExecAction );
pAction->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nQueryInterface call failed for IExecAction: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Set the path of the executable to notepad.exe.
hr = pExecAction->put_Path( _bstr_t( wstrExecutablePath.c_str() ) );
pExecAction->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot put action path: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Save the task in the root folder.
IRegisteredTask *pRegisteredTask = NULL;
hr = pRootFolder->RegisterTaskDefinition(
_bstr_t( wszTaskName ),
pTask,
TASK_CREATE_OR_UPDATE,
_variant_t(),
_variant_t(),
TASK_LOGON_INTERACTIVE_TOKEN,
_variant_t(L""),
&pRegisteredTask);
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nError saving the Task : %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
printf("\n Success! Task successfully registered. " );
// Clean up.
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
pRegisteredTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 0;
}
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