示例：从本地计算机异步获取 WMI 数据
可以使用本主题中的过程和代码示例创建一个完整的 WMI 客户端应用程序，该应用程序可执行 COM 初始化、连接到本地计算机上的 WMI、异步获取数据，然后进行清理。 此示例获取本地计算机上操作系统的名称并显示它。
以下过程用于执行 WMI 应用程序。 步骤 1 到步骤 5 包含设置和连接到 WMI 所需的所有步骤，步骤 6 和步骤 7 是异步检索操作系统名称的地方。
从本地计算机异步获取 WMI 数据
通过调用 CoInitializeEx 来初始化 COM 参数。
有关详细信息，请参阅初始化 WMI 应用程序的 COM。
通过调用 CoInitializeSecurity 来初始化 COM 进程安全性。
有关详细信息，请参阅 使用 C++ 设置默认进程安全级别。
通过调用 CoCreateInstance 获取 WMI 的初始定位符。
有关详细信息，请参阅创建到 WMI 命名空间的连接。
通过调用 IWbemLocator::ConnectServer，获取指向本地计算机上 root\cimv2 命名空间的 IWbemServices 的指针。 若要详细了解如何连接到远程计算机，请参阅示例：从远程计算机获取 WMI 数据。
有关详细信息，请参阅创建到 WMI 命名空间的连接。
通过调用 CoSetProxyBlanket 设置 IWbemServices 代理安全性，以便 WMI 服务可以模拟客户端。
有关详细信息，请参阅在 WMI 连接上设置安全级别。
使用 IWbemServices 指针向 WMI 发出请求。 此示例使用 IWbemServices::ExecQueryAsync 方法异步接收数据。 只要你异步接收数据，就必须提供 IWbemObjectSink 的实现。 此示例提供 QuerySink 类中的实现。 主示例后面提供了此类的实现代码和头文件代码。 只要收到数据，IWbemServices::ExecQueryAsync 方法就会调用 QuerySink::Indicate 方法。
等待异步检索数据。 使用 IWbemServices::CancelAsyncCall 方法手动停止异步调用。
以下代码示例以异步方式从本地计算机获取 WMI 数据。
#include "querysink.h"
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
HRESULT hres;
// Step 1: --------------------------------------------------
// Initialize COM. ------------------------------------------
hres = CoInitializeEx(0, COINIT_MULTITHREADED);
if (FAILED(hres))
{
cout << "Failed to initialize COM library. Error code = 0x"
<< hex << hres << endl;
return 1; // Program has failed.
}
// Step 2: --------------------------------------------------
// Set general COM security levels --------------------------
hres = CoInitializeSecurity(NULL,
-1, // COM authentication
NULL, // Authentication services
NULL, // Reserved
RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_DEFAULT, // Default authentication
RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, // Default Impersonation
NULL, // Authentication info
EOAC_NONE, // Additional capabilities
NULL); // Reserved
if (FAILED(hres))
{
cout << "Failed to initialize security. Error code = 0x"
<< hex << hres << endl;
CoUninitialize();
return 1; // Program has failed.
}
// Step 3: ---------------------------------------------------
// Obtain the initial locator to WMI -------------------------
IWbemLocator *pLoc = NULL;
hres = CoCreateInstance(
CLSID_WbemLocator,
0,
CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
IID_IWbemLocator, (LPVOID *) &pLoc);
if (FAILED(hres))
{
cout << "Failed to create IWbemLocator object."
<< " Err code = 0x"
<< hex << hres << endl;
CoUninitialize();
return 1; // Program has failed.
}
// Step 4: -----------------------------------------------------
// Connect to WMI through the IWbemLocator::ConnectServer method
IWbemServices *pSvc = NULL;
// Connect to the local root\cimv2 namespace
// and obtain pointer pSvc to make IWbemServices calls.
hres = pLoc->ConnectServer(_bstr_t(L"ROOT\\CIMV2"),
NULL,
NULL,
0,
NULL,
0,
0,
&pSvc);
if (FAILED(hres))
{
cout << "Could not connect. Error code = 0x"
<< hex << hres << endl;
pLoc->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1; // Program has failed.
}
cout << "Connected to ROOT\\CIMV2 WMI namespace" << endl;
// Step 5: --------------------------------------------------
// Set security levels on the proxy -------------------------
hres = CoSetProxyBlanket(pSvc, // Indicates the proxy to set
RPC_C_AUTHN_WINNT, // RPC_C_AUTHN_xxx
RPC_C_AUTHZ_NONE, // RPC_C_AUTHZ_xxx
NULL, // Server principal name
RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_CALL, // RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_xxx
RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, // RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_xxx
NULL, // client identity
EOAC_NONE); // proxy capabilities
if (FAILED(hres))
{
cout << "Could not set proxy blanket. Error code = 0x"
<< hex << hres << endl;
pSvc->Release();
pLoc->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1; // Program has failed.
}
// Step 6: --------------------------------------------------
// Use the IWbemServices pointer to make requests of WMI ----
// For example, get the name of the operating system.
// The IWbemService::ExecQueryAsync method will call
// the QuerySink::Indicate method when it receives a result
// and the QuerySink::Indicate method will display the OS name
QuerySink* pResponseSink = new QuerySink();
pResponseSink->AddRef();
hres = pSvc->ExecQueryAsync(bstr_t("WQL"),
bstr_t("SELECT * FROM Win32_OperatingSystem"),
WBEM_FLAG_BIDIRECTIONAL,
NULL,
pResponseSink);
if (FAILED(hres))
{
cout << "Query for operating system name failed."
<< " Error code = 0x"
<< hex << hres << endl;
pSvc->Release();
pLoc->Release();
pResponseSink->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1; // Program has failed.
}
// Step 7: -------------------------------------------------
// Wait to get the data from the query in step 6 -----------
Sleep(500);
pSvc->CancelAsyncCall(pResponseSink);
// Cleanup
// ========
pSvc->Release();
pLoc->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 0; // Program successfully completed.
}
以下头文件用于 QuerySink 类。 在上一代码示例中使用了 QuerySink 类。
// QuerySink.h
#ifndef QUERYSINK_H
#define QUERYSINK_H
#define _WIN32_DCOM
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <comdef.h>
#include <Wbemidl.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "wbemuuid.lib")
class QuerySink : public IWbemObjectSink
{
LONG m_lRef;
bool bDone;
CRITICAL_SECTION threadLock; // for thread safety
public:
QuerySink() { m_lRef = 0; bDone = false;
InitializeCriticalSection(&threadLock); }
~QuerySink() { bDone = true;
DeleteCriticalSection(&threadLock); }
virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef();
virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release();
virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(REFIID riid,
void** ppv);
virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Indicate(
LONG lObjectCount,
IWbemClassObject __RPC_FAR *__RPC_FAR *apObjArray
);
virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetStatus(
/* [in] */ LONG lFlags,
/* [in] */ HRESULT hResult,
/* [in] */ BSTR strParam,
/* [in] */ IWbemClassObject __RPC_FAR *pObjParam
);
bool IsDone();
};
#endif // end of QuerySink.h
以下代码示例实现了 QuerySink 类。
// QuerySink.cpp
#include "querysink.h"
ULONG QuerySink::AddRef()
{
return InterlockedIncrement(&m_lRef);
}
ULONG QuerySink::Release()
{
LONG lRef = InterlockedDecrement(&m_lRef);
if(lRef == 0)
delete this;
return lRef;
}
HRESULT QuerySink::QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void** ppv)
{
if (riid == IID_IUnknown || riid == IID_IWbemObjectSink)
{
*ppv = (IWbemObjectSink *) this;
AddRef();
return WBEM_S_NO_ERROR;
}
else return E_NOINTERFACE;
}
HRESULT QuerySink::Indicate(long lObjectCount,
IWbemClassObject **apObjArray)
{
HRESULT hres = S_OK;
for (int i = 0; i < lObjectCount; i++)
{
VARIANT varName;
hres = apObjArray[i]->Get(_bstr_t(L"Name"),
0, &varName, 0, 0);
if (FAILED(hres))
{
cout << "Failed to get the data from the query"
<< " Error code = 0x"
<< hex << hres << endl;
return WBEM_E_FAILED; // Program has failed.
}
printf("Name: %ls\n", V_BSTR(&varName));
}
return WBEM_S_NO_ERROR;
}
HRESULT QuerySink::SetStatus(
/* [in] */ LONG lFlags,
/* [in] */ HRESULT hResult,
/* [in] */ BSTR strParam,
/* [in] */ IWbemClassObject __RPC_FAR *pObjParam
)
{
if(lFlags == WBEM_STATUS_COMPLETE)
{
printf("Call complete.\n");
EnterCriticalSection(&threadLock);
bDone = true;
LeaveCriticalSection(&threadLock);
}
else if(lFlags == WBEM_STATUS_PROGRESS)
{
printf("Call in progress.\n");
}
return WBEM_S_NO_ERROR;
}
bool QuerySink::IsDone()
{
bool done = true;
EnterCriticalSection(&threadLock);
done = bDone;
LeaveCriticalSection(&threadLock);
return done;
} // end of QuerySink.cpp