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逐步解說:建立影像處理網路

本檔示範如何建立執行影像處理之非同步消息區塊的網路。

網路會根據其特性決定要根據影像執行的作業。 此範例會 使用資料流程 模型,透過網路路由傳送影像。 在資料流程模型中,程式的獨立元件會透過傳送訊息,彼此進行通訊。 當元件收到訊息時,它可以執行一些動作,然後將該動作的結果傳遞給另一個元件。 將此與 控制流程 模型進行比較,其中應用程式會使用控制結構,例如條件陳述式、迴圈等等,來控制程式中的作業順序。

以資料流程為基礎的網路會建立工作的 管線 。 管線的每個階段都會同時執行整體工作的一部分。 以汽車製造的裝配線做比喻。 當每輛車通過組裝線時,一個月臺組裝框架,另一個月臺安裝發動機等等。 通過讓多個車輛同時組裝,組裝線提供比一次組裝完整車輛更好的輸送量。

必要條件

開始本逐步解說之前,請先閱讀下列檔:

我們也建議您先瞭解 GDI+ 的基本概念,再開始本逐步解說。

區段

本逐步解說包含下列各節:

定義影像處理功能

本節顯示影像處理網路用來處理從磁片讀取的映射的支援函式。

下列函式 GetRGBMakeColor 會分別擷取和合併指定色彩的個別元件。

// Retrieves the red, green, and blue components from the given
// color value.
void GetRGB(DWORD color, BYTE& r, BYTE& g, BYTE& b)
{
   r = static_cast<BYTE>((color & 0x00ff0000) >> 16);
   g = static_cast<BYTE>((color & 0x0000ff00) >> 8);
   b = static_cast<BYTE>((color & 0x000000ff));
}

// Creates a single color value from the provided red, green, 
// and blue components.
DWORD MakeColor(BYTE r, BYTE g, BYTE b)
{
   return (r<<16) | (g<<8) | (b);
}

下列函式 ProcessImage 會呼叫指定的 std::function 物件,以轉換 GDI+ Bitmap 物件中每個圖元的色彩值。 函 ProcessImage 式會使用 concurrency::p arallel_for 演算法平行處理點陣圖的每個資料列。

// Calls the provided function for each pixel in a Bitmap object.
void ProcessImage(Bitmap* bmp, const function<void (DWORD&)>& f)
{
   int width = bmp->GetWidth();
   int height = bmp->GetHeight();

   // Lock the bitmap.
   BitmapData bitmapData;
   Rect rect(0, 0, bmp->GetWidth(), bmp->GetHeight());
   bmp->LockBits(&rect, ImageLockModeWrite, PixelFormat32bppRGB, &bitmapData);

   // Get a pointer to the bitmap data.
   DWORD* image_bits = (DWORD*)bitmapData.Scan0;

   // Call the function for each pixel in the image.
   parallel_for (0, height, [&, width](int y)
   {      
      for (int x = 0; x < width; ++x)
      {
         // Get the current pixel value.
         DWORD* curr_pixel = image_bits + (y * width) + x;

         // Call the function.
         f(*curr_pixel);
      }
   });

   // Unlock the bitmap.
   bmp->UnlockBits(&bitmapData);
}

下列函式 Grayscale 、、 Sepiatone ColorMaskDarken 會呼叫 函 ProcessImage 式,以轉換 物件中 Bitmap 每個圖元的色彩值。 每個函式都會使用 Lambda 運算式來定義一個圖元的色彩轉換。

// Converts the given image to grayscale.
Bitmap* Grayscale(Bitmap* bmp) 
{
   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [](DWORD& color) {
         BYTE r, g, b;
         GetRGB(color, r, g, b);

         // Set each color component to the average of 
         // the original components.
         BYTE c = (static_cast<WORD>(r) + g + b) / 3;
         color = MakeColor(c, c, c);
      }
   );
   return bmp;
}

// Applies sepia toning to the provided image.
Bitmap* Sepiatone(Bitmap* bmp) 
{
   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [](DWORD& color) {
         BYTE r0, g0, b0;
         GetRGB(color, r0, g0, b0);

         WORD r1 = static_cast<WORD>((r0 * .393) + (g0 *.769) + (b0 * .189));
         WORD g1 = static_cast<WORD>((r0 * .349) + (g0 *.686) + (b0 * .168));
         WORD b1 = static_cast<WORD>((r0 * .272) + (g0 *.534) + (b0 * .131));

         color = MakeColor(min(0xff, r1), min(0xff, g1), min(0xff, b1));
      }
   );
   return bmp;
}

// Applies the given color mask to each pixel in the provided image.
Bitmap* ColorMask(Bitmap* bmp, DWORD mask)
{
   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [mask](DWORD& color) {
         color = color & mask;
      }
   );
   return bmp;
}

// Darkens the provided image by the given amount.
Bitmap* Darken(Bitmap* bmp, unsigned int percent)
{
   if (percent > 100)
      throw invalid_argument("Darken: percent must less than 100.");

   double factor = percent / 100.0;

   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [factor](DWORD& color) {
         BYTE r, g, b;
         GetRGB(color, r, g, b);
         r = static_cast<BYTE>(factor*r);
         g = static_cast<BYTE>(factor*g);
         b = static_cast<BYTE>(factor*b);
         color = MakeColor(r, g, b);
      }
   );
   return bmp;
}

下列函式 GetColorDominance 也會呼叫 函 ProcessImage 式。 不過,此函式會使用 concurrency::combinable 物件來計算紅色、綠色或藍色元件是否主宰影像,而不是變更每個色彩的值。

// Determines which color component (red, green, or blue) is most dominant
// in the given image and returns a corresponding color mask.
DWORD GetColorDominance(Bitmap* bmp)
{
   // The ProcessImage function processes the image in parallel.
   // The following combinable objects enable the callback function
   // to increment the color counts without using a lock.
   combinable<unsigned int> reds;
   combinable<unsigned int> greens;
   combinable<unsigned int> blues;

   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [&](DWORD& color) {
         BYTE r, g, b;
         GetRGB(color, r, g, b);
         if (r >= g && r >= b)
            reds.local()++;
         else if (g >= r && g >= b)
            greens.local()++;
         else
            blues.local()++;
      }
   );
   
   // Determine which color is dominant and return the corresponding
   // color mask.

   unsigned int r = reds.combine(plus<unsigned int>());
   unsigned int g = greens.combine(plus<unsigned int>());
   unsigned int b = blues.combine(plus<unsigned int>());

   if (r + r >= g + b)
      return 0x00ff0000;
   else if (g + g >= r + b)
      return 0x0000ff00;
   else
      return 0x000000ff;
}

下列函式 GetEncoderClsid 會擷取編碼器指定 MIME 類型的類別識別碼。 應用程式會使用此函式來擷取點陣圖的編碼器。

// Retrieves the class identifier for the given MIME type of an encoder.
int GetEncoderClsid(const WCHAR* format, CLSID* pClsid)
{
   UINT  num = 0;          // number of image encoders
   UINT  size = 0;         // size of the image encoder array in bytes

   ImageCodecInfo* pImageCodecInfo = nullptr;

   GetImageEncodersSize(&num, &size);
   if(size == 0)
      return -1;  // Failure

   pImageCodecInfo = (ImageCodecInfo*)(malloc(size));
   if(pImageCodecInfo == nullptr)
      return -1;  // Failure

   GetImageEncoders(num, size, pImageCodecInfo);

   for(UINT j = 0; j < num; ++j)
   {
      if( wcscmp(pImageCodecInfo[j].MimeType, format) == 0 )
      {
         *pClsid = pImageCodecInfo[j].Clsid;
         free(pImageCodecInfo);
         return j;  // Success
      }    
   }

   free(pImageCodecInfo);
   return -1;  // Failure
}

[靠上]

建立影像處理網路

本節說明如何建立異步消息區塊網路,以在指定目錄中的每個 JPEG (.jpg) 映射上執行影像處理。 網路會執行下列影像處理作業:

  1. 對於 Tom 所撰寫的任何影像,請轉換成灰階。

  2. 對於任何以紅色做為主要色彩的影像,請移除綠色和藍色元件,然後將它變暗。

  3. 若為任何其他影像,請套用敗血症 toning。

網路只會套用符合其中一個條件的第一個影像處理作業。 例如,如果影像是由 Tom 撰寫,且具有紅色做為其主要色彩,則影像只會轉換成灰階。

網路執行每個影像處理作業之後,它會將影像儲存到磁片作為點陣圖 (.bmp) 檔案。

下列步驟示範如何建立可實作此映射處理網路的函式,並將該網路套用至指定目錄中的每個 JPEG 映射。

建立影像處理網路

  1. 建立函式 ProcessImages ,此函式會採用磁片上的目錄名稱。

    void ProcessImages(const wstring& directory)
    {
    }
    
  2. 在 函式中 ProcessImages ,建立 countdown_event 變數。 此逐步解說稍後會顯示 類別 countdown_event

    // Holds the number of active image processing operations and 
    // signals to the main thread that processing is complete.
    countdown_event active(0);
    
  3. 建立 std::map 物件,使 Bitmap 物件與其原始檔案名稱產生關聯。

    // Maps Bitmap objects to their original file names.
    map<Bitmap*, wstring> bitmap_file_names;
    
  4. 新增下列程式碼來定義影像處理網路的成員。

     //
     // Create the nodes of the network.
     //
    
     // Loads Bitmap objects from disk.
     transformer<wstring, Bitmap*> load_bitmap(
        [&](wstring file_name) -> Bitmap* {
           Bitmap* bmp = new Bitmap(file_name.c_str());
           if (bmp != nullptr)
              bitmap_file_names.insert(make_pair(bmp, file_name));
           return bmp;
        }
     );
    
     // Holds loaded Bitmap objects.
     unbounded_buffer<Bitmap*> loaded_bitmaps;
    
     // Converts images that are authored by Tom to grayscale.
     transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> grayscale(
        [](Bitmap* bmp) {
           return Grayscale(bmp);
        },
        nullptr,
        [](Bitmap* bmp) -> bool {
           if (bmp == nullptr)
              return false;
    
           // Retrieve the artist name from metadata.
           UINT size = bmp->GetPropertyItemSize(PropertyTagArtist);
           if (size == 0)
              // Image does not have the Artist property.
              return false;
    
           PropertyItem* artistProperty = (PropertyItem*) malloc(size);
           bmp->GetPropertyItem(PropertyTagArtist, size, artistProperty);
           string artist(reinterpret_cast<char*>(artistProperty->value));
           free(artistProperty);
           
           return (artist.find("Tom ") == 0);
        }
     );
     
     // Removes the green and blue color components from images that have red as
     // their dominant color.
     transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> colormask(
        [](Bitmap* bmp) {
           return ColorMask(bmp, 0x00ff0000);
        },
        nullptr,
        [](Bitmap* bmp) -> bool { 
           if (bmp == nullptr)
              return false;
           return (GetColorDominance(bmp) == 0x00ff0000);
        }
     );
    
     // Darkens the color of the provided Bitmap object.
     transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> darken([](Bitmap* bmp) {
        return Darken(bmp, 50);
     });
    
     // Applies sepia toning to the remaining images.
     transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> sepiatone(
        [](Bitmap* bmp) {
           return Sepiatone(bmp);
        },
        nullptr,
        [](Bitmap* bmp) -> bool { return bmp != nullptr; }
     );
    
     // Saves Bitmap objects to disk.
     transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> save_bitmap([&](Bitmap* bmp) -> Bitmap* {
        // Replace the file extension with .bmp.
        wstring file_name = bitmap_file_names[bmp];
        file_name.replace(file_name.rfind(L'.') + 1, 3, L"bmp");
        
        // Save the processed image.
        CLSID bmpClsid;
        GetEncoderClsid(L"image/bmp", &bmpClsid);      
        bmp->Save(file_name.c_str(), &bmpClsid);
    
        return bmp;
     });
    
     // Deletes Bitmap objects.
     transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> delete_bitmap([](Bitmap* bmp) -> Bitmap* {      
        delete bmp;
        return nullptr;
     });
    
     // Decrements the event counter.
     call<Bitmap*> decrement([&](Bitmap* _) {      
        active.signal();
     });
    
  5. 新增下列程式碼以連線網路。

    //
    // Connect the network.
    //   
    
    load_bitmap.link_target(&loaded_bitmaps);
    
    loaded_bitmaps.link_target(&grayscale);
    loaded_bitmaps.link_target(&colormask);   
    colormask.link_target(&darken);
    loaded_bitmaps.link_target(&sepiatone);
    loaded_bitmaps.link_target(&decrement);
    
    grayscale.link_target(&save_bitmap);
    darken.link_target(&save_bitmap);
    sepiatone.link_target(&save_bitmap);
    
    save_bitmap.link_target(&delete_bitmap);
    delete_bitmap.link_target(&decrement);
    
  6. 新增下列程式碼,以將目錄內每個 JPEG 檔案的完整路徑傳送至網路的前端。

    // Traverse all files in the directory.
    wstring searchPattern = directory;
    searchPattern.append(L"\\*");
    
    WIN32_FIND_DATA fileFindData;
    HANDLE hFind = FindFirstFile(searchPattern.c_str(), &fileFindData);
    if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) 
       return;
    do
    {
       if (!(fileFindData.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
       {
          wstring file = fileFindData.cFileName;
    
          // Process only JPEG files.
          if (file.rfind(L".jpg") == file.length() - 4)
          {
             // Form the full path to the file.
             wstring full_path(directory);
             full_path.append(L"\\");
             full_path.append(file);
    
             // Increment the count of work items.
             active.add_count();
    
             // Send the path name to the network.
             send(load_bitmap, full_path);
          }
       }
    }
    while (FindNextFile(hFind, &fileFindData) != 0); 
    FindClose(hFind);
    
  7. 等候 countdown_event 變數達到零。

    // Wait for all operations to finish.
    active.wait();
    

下表描述網路的成員。

member 描述
load_bitmap 並行 ::transformer 物件,從磁片載入 Bitmap 物件,並將專案新增至 物件, map 以將影像與其原始檔案名稱產生關聯。
loaded_bitmaps 並行 ::unbounded_buffer 物件,會將載入的影像傳送至影像處理篩選。
grayscale transformer物件,可將 Tom 所撰寫的影像轉換成灰階。 它會使用影像的中繼資料來判斷其作者。
colormask transformer物件,從以紅色做為主要色彩的影像中移除綠色和藍色元件。
darken 物件 transformer ,會將紅色做為主要色彩的影像變暗。
sepiatone 物件 transformer ,套用 sepia toning 至不是由 Tom 撰寫且不是以紅色為主的影像。
save_bitmap 物件 transformer ,會將已處理 image 到磁片的 儲存為點陣圖。 save_bitmap 會從 物件擷 map 取原始檔案名稱,並將其副檔名變更為 .bmp。
delete_bitmap transformer物件,釋放影像的記憶體。
decrement 並行 ::call 物件,做為網路中終端節點。 它會遞 countdown_event 減 物件,以向主要應用程式發出已處理影像的訊號。

訊息 loaded_bitmaps 緩衝區很重要,因為作為 unbounded_buffer 物件,它會將 Bitmap 物件提供給多個接收者。 當目標區塊接受 Bitmap 物件時, unbounded_buffer 物件不會提供該 Bitmap 物件給任何其他目標。 因此,將物件連結至 unbounded_buffer 物件的順序很重要。 grayscalecolormasksepiatone 訊息區塊都會使用篩選準則只接受特定 Bitmap 物件。 訊息 decrement 緩衝區是訊息緩衝區的重要目標 loaded_bitmaps ,因為它會接受其他訊息緩衝區拒絕的所有 Bitmap 物件。 需要 unbounded_buffer 物件才能依序傳播訊息。 因此, unbounded_buffer 物件會封鎖,直到新的目標區塊連結至該區塊為止,如果目前的目標區塊不接受該訊息,則接受該訊息。

如果您的應用程式要求多個訊息區塊處理訊息,而不只是第一個接受訊息的訊息區塊,您可以使用另一個訊息區塊類型,例如 overwrite_buffer 。 類別 overwrite_buffer 一次保存一則訊息,但它會將該訊息傳播至其每個目標。

下圖顯示影像處理網路:

Image processing network.

countdown_event此範例中的 物件可讓影像處理網路在處理所有影像時通知主要應用程式。 類別 countdown_event 會使用 並行::event 物件,在計數器值達到零時發出訊號。 主要應用程式會在每次將檔案名傳送至網路時遞增計數器。 網路終端節點在處理每個映射之後,會遞減計數器。 在主要應用程式周遊指定的目錄之後,它會等候 countdown_event 物件發出其計數器已達到零的訊號。

下列範例顯示 類別 countdown_event

// A synchronization primitive that is signaled when its 
// count reaches zero.
class countdown_event
{
public:
   countdown_event(unsigned int count = 0)
      : _current(static_cast<long>(count)) 
   {
      // Set the event if the initial count is zero.
      if (_current == 0L)
         _event.set();
   }
     
   // Decrements the event counter.
   void signal() {
      if(InterlockedDecrement(&_current) == 0L) {
         _event.set();
      }
   }

   // Increments the event counter.
   void add_count() {
      if(InterlockedIncrement(&_current) == 1L) {
         _event.reset();
      }
   }
   
   // Blocks the current context until the event is set.
   void wait() {
      _event.wait();
   }
 
private:
   // The current count.
   volatile long _current;
   // The event that is set when the counter reaches zero.
   event _event;

   // Disable copy constructor.
   countdown_event(const countdown_event&);
   // Disable assignment.
   countdown_event const & operator=(countdown_event const&);
};

[靠上]

完整範例

下列程式碼顯示完整範例。 函 wmain 式會管理 GDI+ 程式庫,並呼叫 函 ProcessImages 式來處理目錄中的 Sample Pictures JPEG 檔案。

// image-processing-network.cpp
// compile with: /DUNICODE /EHsc image-processing-network.cpp /link gdiplus.lib
#include <windows.h>
#include <gdiplus.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <agents.h>
#include <ppl.h>

using namespace concurrency;
using namespace Gdiplus;
using namespace std;

// Retrieves the red, green, and blue components from the given
// color value.
void GetRGB(DWORD color, BYTE& r, BYTE& g, BYTE& b)
{
   r = static_cast<BYTE>((color & 0x00ff0000) >> 16);
   g = static_cast<BYTE>((color & 0x0000ff00) >> 8);
   b = static_cast<BYTE>((color & 0x000000ff));
}

// Creates a single color value from the provided red, green, 
// and blue components.
DWORD MakeColor(BYTE r, BYTE g, BYTE b)
{
   return (r<<16) | (g<<8) | (b);
}

// Calls the provided function for each pixel in a Bitmap object.
void ProcessImage(Bitmap* bmp, const function<void (DWORD&)>& f)
{
   int width = bmp->GetWidth();
   int height = bmp->GetHeight();

   // Lock the bitmap.
   BitmapData bitmapData;
   Rect rect(0, 0, bmp->GetWidth(), bmp->GetHeight());
   bmp->LockBits(&rect, ImageLockModeWrite, PixelFormat32bppRGB, &bitmapData);

   // Get a pointer to the bitmap data.
   DWORD* image_bits = (DWORD*)bitmapData.Scan0;

   // Call the function for each pixel in the image.
   parallel_for (0, height, [&, width](int y)
   {      
      for (int x = 0; x < width; ++x)
      {
         // Get the current pixel value.
         DWORD* curr_pixel = image_bits + (y * width) + x;

         // Call the function.
         f(*curr_pixel);
      }
   });

   // Unlock the bitmap.
   bmp->UnlockBits(&bitmapData);
}

// Converts the given image to grayscale.
Bitmap* Grayscale(Bitmap* bmp) 
{
   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [](DWORD& color) {
         BYTE r, g, b;
         GetRGB(color, r, g, b);

         // Set each color component to the average of 
         // the original components.
         BYTE c = (static_cast<WORD>(r) + g + b) / 3;
         color = MakeColor(c, c, c);
      }
   );
   return bmp;
}

// Applies sepia toning to the provided image.
Bitmap* Sepiatone(Bitmap* bmp) 
{
   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [](DWORD& color) {
         BYTE r0, g0, b0;
         GetRGB(color, r0, g0, b0);

         WORD r1 = static_cast<WORD>((r0 * .393) + (g0 *.769) + (b0 * .189));
         WORD g1 = static_cast<WORD>((r0 * .349) + (g0 *.686) + (b0 * .168));
         WORD b1 = static_cast<WORD>((r0 * .272) + (g0 *.534) + (b0 * .131));

         color = MakeColor(min(0xff, r1), min(0xff, g1), min(0xff, b1));
      }
   );
   return bmp;
}

// Applies the given color mask to each pixel in the provided image.
Bitmap* ColorMask(Bitmap* bmp, DWORD mask)
{
   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [mask](DWORD& color) {
         color = color & mask;
      }
   );
   return bmp;
}

// Darkens the provided image by the given amount.
Bitmap* Darken(Bitmap* bmp, unsigned int percent)
{
   if (percent > 100)
      throw invalid_argument("Darken: percent must less than 100.");

   double factor = percent / 100.0;

   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [factor](DWORD& color) {
         BYTE r, g, b;
         GetRGB(color, r, g, b);
         r = static_cast<BYTE>(factor*r);
         g = static_cast<BYTE>(factor*g);
         b = static_cast<BYTE>(factor*b);
         color = MakeColor(r, g, b);
      }
   );
   return bmp;
}

// Determines which color component (red, green, or blue) is most dominant
// in the given image and returns a corresponding color mask.
DWORD GetColorDominance(Bitmap* bmp)
{
   // The ProcessImage function processes the image in parallel.
   // The following combinable objects enable the callback function
   // to increment the color counts without using a lock.
   combinable<unsigned int> reds;
   combinable<unsigned int> greens;
   combinable<unsigned int> blues;

   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [&](DWORD& color) {
         BYTE r, g, b;
         GetRGB(color, r, g, b);
         if (r >= g && r >= b)
            reds.local()++;
         else if (g >= r && g >= b)
            greens.local()++;
         else
            blues.local()++;
      }
   );
   
   // Determine which color is dominant and return the corresponding
   // color mask.

   unsigned int r = reds.combine(plus<unsigned int>());
   unsigned int g = greens.combine(plus<unsigned int>());
   unsigned int b = blues.combine(plus<unsigned int>());

   if (r + r >= g + b)
      return 0x00ff0000;
   else if (g + g >= r + b)
      return 0x0000ff00;
   else
      return 0x000000ff;
}

// Retrieves the class identifier for the given MIME type of an encoder.
int GetEncoderClsid(const WCHAR* format, CLSID* pClsid)
{
   UINT  num = 0;          // number of image encoders
   UINT  size = 0;         // size of the image encoder array in bytes

   ImageCodecInfo* pImageCodecInfo = nullptr;

   GetImageEncodersSize(&num, &size);
   if(size == 0)
      return -1;  // Failure

   pImageCodecInfo = (ImageCodecInfo*)(malloc(size));
   if(pImageCodecInfo == nullptr)
      return -1;  // Failure

   GetImageEncoders(num, size, pImageCodecInfo);

   for(UINT j = 0; j < num; ++j)
   {
      if( wcscmp(pImageCodecInfo[j].MimeType, format) == 0 )
      {
         *pClsid = pImageCodecInfo[j].Clsid;
         free(pImageCodecInfo);
         return j;  // Success
      }    
   }

   free(pImageCodecInfo);
   return -1;  // Failure
}

// A synchronization primitive that is signaled when its 
// count reaches zero.
class countdown_event
{
public:
   countdown_event(unsigned int count = 0)
      : _current(static_cast<long>(count)) 
   {
      // Set the event if the initial count is zero.
      if (_current == 0L)
         _event.set();
   }
     
   // Decrements the event counter.
   void signal() {
      if(InterlockedDecrement(&_current) == 0L) {
         _event.set();
      }
   }

   // Increments the event counter.
   void add_count() {
      if(InterlockedIncrement(&_current) == 1L) {
         _event.reset();
      }
   }
   
   // Blocks the current context until the event is set.
   void wait() {
      _event.wait();
   }
 
private:
   // The current count.
   volatile long _current;
   // The event that is set when the counter reaches zero.
   event _event;

   // Disable copy constructor.
   countdown_event(const countdown_event&);
   // Disable assignment.
   countdown_event const & operator=(countdown_event const&);
};

// Demonstrates how to set up a message network that performs a series of 
// image processing operations on each JPEG image in the given directory and
// saves each altered image as a Windows bitmap.
void ProcessImages(const wstring& directory)
{
   // Holds the number of active image processing operations and 
   // signals to the main thread that processing is complete.
   countdown_event active(0);

   // Maps Bitmap objects to their original file names.
   map<Bitmap*, wstring> bitmap_file_names;
      
   //
   // Create the nodes of the network.
   //

   // Loads Bitmap objects from disk.
   transformer<wstring, Bitmap*> load_bitmap(
      [&](wstring file_name) -> Bitmap* {
         Bitmap* bmp = new Bitmap(file_name.c_str());
         if (bmp != nullptr)
            bitmap_file_names.insert(make_pair(bmp, file_name));
         return bmp;
      }
   );

   // Holds loaded Bitmap objects.
   unbounded_buffer<Bitmap*> loaded_bitmaps;
  
   // Converts images that are authored by Tom to grayscale.
   transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> grayscale(
      [](Bitmap* bmp) {
         return Grayscale(bmp);
      },
      nullptr,
      [](Bitmap* bmp) -> bool {
         if (bmp == nullptr)
            return false;

         // Retrieve the artist name from metadata.
         UINT size = bmp->GetPropertyItemSize(PropertyTagArtist);
         if (size == 0)
            // Image does not have the Artist property.
            return false;

         PropertyItem* artistProperty = (PropertyItem*) malloc(size);
         bmp->GetPropertyItem(PropertyTagArtist, size, artistProperty);
         string artist(reinterpret_cast<char*>(artistProperty->value));
         free(artistProperty);
         
         return (artist.find("Tom ") == 0);
      }
   );
   
   // Removes the green and blue color components from images that have red as
   // their dominant color.
   transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> colormask(
      [](Bitmap* bmp) {
         return ColorMask(bmp, 0x00ff0000);
      },
      nullptr,
      [](Bitmap* bmp) -> bool { 
         if (bmp == nullptr)
            return false;
         return (GetColorDominance(bmp) == 0x00ff0000);
      }
   );

   // Darkens the color of the provided Bitmap object.
   transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> darken([](Bitmap* bmp) {
      return Darken(bmp, 50);
   });

   // Applies sepia toning to the remaining images.
   transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> sepiatone(
      [](Bitmap* bmp) {
         return Sepiatone(bmp);
      },
      nullptr,
      [](Bitmap* bmp) -> bool { return bmp != nullptr; }
   );

   // Saves Bitmap objects to disk.
   transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> save_bitmap([&](Bitmap* bmp) -> Bitmap* {
      // Replace the file extension with .bmp.
      wstring file_name = bitmap_file_names[bmp];
      file_name.replace(file_name.rfind(L'.') + 1, 3, L"bmp");
      
      // Save the processed image.
      CLSID bmpClsid;
      GetEncoderClsid(L"image/bmp", &bmpClsid);      
      bmp->Save(file_name.c_str(), &bmpClsid);

      return bmp;
   });

   // Deletes Bitmap objects.
   transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> delete_bitmap([](Bitmap* bmp) -> Bitmap* {      
      delete bmp;
      return nullptr;
   });

   // Decrements the event counter.
   call<Bitmap*> decrement([&](Bitmap* _) {      
      active.signal();
   });

   //
   // Connect the network.
   //   
   
   load_bitmap.link_target(&loaded_bitmaps);
   
   loaded_bitmaps.link_target(&grayscale);
   loaded_bitmaps.link_target(&colormask);   
   colormask.link_target(&darken);
   loaded_bitmaps.link_target(&sepiatone);
   loaded_bitmaps.link_target(&decrement);
   
   grayscale.link_target(&save_bitmap);
   darken.link_target(&save_bitmap);
   sepiatone.link_target(&save_bitmap);
   
   save_bitmap.link_target(&delete_bitmap);
   delete_bitmap.link_target(&decrement);
   
   // Traverse all files in the directory.
   wstring searchPattern = directory;
   searchPattern.append(L"\\*");

   WIN32_FIND_DATA fileFindData;
   HANDLE hFind = FindFirstFile(searchPattern.c_str(), &fileFindData);
   if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) 
      return;
   do
   {
      if (!(fileFindData.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
      {
         wstring file = fileFindData.cFileName;

         // Process only JPEG files.
         if (file.rfind(L".jpg") == file.length() - 4)
         {
            // Form the full path to the file.
            wstring full_path(directory);
            full_path.append(L"\\");
            full_path.append(file);

            // Increment the count of work items.
            active.add_count();

            // Send the path name to the network.
            send(load_bitmap, full_path);
         }
      }
   }
   while (FindNextFile(hFind, &fileFindData) != 0); 
   FindClose(hFind);
      
   // Wait for all operations to finish.
   active.wait();
}

int wmain()
{
   GdiplusStartupInput gdiplusStartupInput;
   ULONG_PTR           gdiplusToken;

   // Initialize GDI+.
   GdiplusStartup(&gdiplusToken, &gdiplusStartupInput, nullptr);

   // Perform image processing.
   // TODO: Change this path if necessary.
   ProcessImages(L"C:\\Users\\Public\\Pictures\\Sample Pictures");

   // Shutdown GDI+.
   GdiplusShutdown(gdiplusToken);
}

下圖顯示範例輸出。 每個來源影像都高於其對應的修改影像。

Sample output for the example.

Lighthouse 由 Tom Alphin 撰寫,因此會轉換成灰階。 ChrysanthemumDesertKoalaTulips 具有紅色做為主要色彩,因此移除藍色和綠色元件並變暗。 HydrangeasJellyfishPenguins 符合預設準則,因此會以陰性為基底。

[靠上]

編譯程式碼

複製範例程式碼,並將其貼到 Visual Studio 專案中,或貼到名為 image-processing-network.cpp 的檔案中,然後在 Visual Studio 命令提示字元視窗中執行下列命令。

cl.exe /DUNICODE /EHsc image-processing-network.cpp /link gdiplus.lib

另請參閱

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