本文中的範例程式代碼從多回合 Bot 的結構開始,並藉由新增其他程式代碼來擴充該 Bot 的功能(如下列各節提供)。 此延伸程式代碼示範如何在經過特定時間週期之後清除交談狀態。
appsettings.json
首先,將設定新增 ExpireAfterSeconds
至appsettings.json:
{
"MicrosoftAppId": "",
"MicrosoftAppPassword": "",
"ExpireAfterSeconds": 30
}
Bots\DialogBot.cs
接下來,將、 LastAccessedTimeProperty
和 DialogStateProperty
欄位新增ExpireAfterSeconds
至 Bot 類別,並在 Bot 的建構函式中將其初始化。 此外,將參數新增 IConfiguration
至要擷取 ExpireAfterSeconds
值的建構函式。
您不是在 方法中 OnMessageActivityAsync
內嵌建立對話框狀態屬性存取子,而是在初始化時建立和錄製它。 Bot 不僅需要狀態屬性存取子來執行對話,還需要清除對話狀態。
protected readonly int ExpireAfterSeconds;
protected readonly IStatePropertyAccessor<DateTime> LastAccessedTimeProperty;
protected readonly IStatePropertyAccessor<DialogState> DialogStateProperty;
// Existing fields omitted...
public DialogBot(IConfiguration configuration, ConversationState conversationState, UserState userState, T dialog, ILogger<DialogBot<T>> logger)
{
ConversationState = conversationState;
UserState = userState;
Dialog = dialog;
Logger = logger;
ExpireAfterSeconds = configuration.GetValue<int>("ExpireAfterSeconds");
DialogStateProperty = ConversationState.CreateProperty<DialogState>(nameof(DialogState));
LastAccessedTimeProperty = ConversationState.CreateProperty<DateTime>(nameof(LastAccessedTimeProperty));
}
最後,將程式代碼新增至 Bot 的 OnTurnAsync
方法,以在對話太舊時清除對話狀態。
public override async Task OnTurnAsync(ITurnContext turnContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
{
// Retrieve the property value, and compare it to the current time.
var lastAccess = await LastAccessedTimeProperty.GetAsync(turnContext, () => DateTime.UtcNow, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
if ((DateTime.UtcNow - lastAccess) >= TimeSpan.FromSeconds(ExpireAfterSeconds))
{
// Notify the user that the conversation is being restarted.
await turnContext.SendActivityAsync("Welcome back! Let's start over from the beginning.").ConfigureAwait(false);
// Clear state.
await ConversationState.ClearStateAsync(turnContext, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
}
await base.OnTurnAsync(turnContext, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
// Set LastAccessedTime to the current time.
await LastAccessedTimeProperty.SetAsync(turnContext, DateTime.UtcNow, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
// Save any state changes that might have occurred during the turn.
await ConversationState.SaveChangesAsync(turnContext, false, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
await UserState.SaveChangesAsync(turnContext, false, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
}
.env
首先,將設定新增 ExpireAfterSeconds
至 .env:
MicrosoftAppId=
MicrosoftAppPassword=
ExpireAfterSeconds=30
bots\dialogBot.js
接下來,將欄位新增至 並 DialogBot
更新建構函式。 為和 lastAccessedTimeProperty
新增本機欄位expireAfterSeconds
。
expireAfterSeconds
新增為建構函式的參數,並建立必要的 StatePropertyAccessor
:
constructor(expireAfterSeconds, conversationState, userState, dialog) {
// Existing code omitted...
this.lastAccessedTimeProperty = this.conversationState.createProperty('LastAccessedTime');
this.expireAfterSeconds = expireAfterSeconds;
// Existing code omitted...
}
將程式代碼新增至 Bot run
的 方法:
async run(context) {
// Retrieve the property value, and compare it to the current time.
const now = new Date();
const lastAccess = new Date(await this.lastAccessedTimeProperty.get(context, now.toISOString()));
if (now !== lastAccess && ((now.getTime() - lastAccess.getTime()) / 1000) >= this.expireAfterSeconds) {
// Notify the user that the conversation is being restarted.
await context.sendActivity("Welcome back! Let's start over from the beginning.");
// Clear state.
await this.conversationState.clear(context);
}
await super.run(context);
// Set LastAccessedTime to the current time.
await this.lastAccessedTimeProperty.set(context, now.toISOString());
// Save any state changes. The load happened during the execution of the Dialog.
await this.conversationState.saveChanges(context, false);
await this.userState.saveChanges(context, false);
}
index.js
最後,更新 index.js
以將 ExpireAfterSeconds
參數傳送至 DialogBot
:
const bot = new DialogBot(process.env.ExpireAfterSeconds, conversationState, userState, dialog);
application.properties
首先,將設定新增 ExpireAfterSeconds
至 application.properties:
MicrosoftAppId=
MicrosoftAppPassword=
server.port=3978
ExpireAfterSeconds=30
DialogBot.java
接下來,將、 lastAccessedTimeProperty
和 dialogStateProperty
欄位新增expireAfterSeconds
至 Bot 類別,並在 Bot 的建構函式中將其初始化。 此外,將參數新增 Configuration
至建構函式以擷 ExpireAfterSeconds
取值。
您不必在 方法中 onMessageActivity
內嵌建立對話框狀態屬性存取子,而是在初始化時建立並記錄它。 Bot 不僅需要狀態屬性存取子來執行對話,還需要清除對話狀態。
protected final int expireAfterSeconds;
protected final StatePropertyAccessor<LocalTime> lastAccessedTimeProperty;
protected final StatePropertyAccessor<DialogState> dialogStateProperty;
// Existing fields omitted...
public DialogBot(
Configuration configuration,
ConversationState withConversationState,
UserState withUserState,
Dialog withDialog
) {
dialog = withDialog;
conversationState = withConversationState;
userState = withUserState;
expireAfterSeconds = configuration.getProperty("ExpireAfterSeconds") != null ?
Integer.parseInt(configuration.getProperty("ExpireAfterSeconds")) :
30;
lastAccessedTimeProperty = conversationState.createProperty("LastAccessedTimeProperty");
dialogStateProperty = conversationState.createProperty("DialogStateProperty");
}
最後,將程式代碼新增至 Bot 的 onTurn
方法,以在對話太舊時清除對話狀態。
@Override
public CompletableFuture<Void> onTurn(
TurnContext turnContext
) {
LocalTime lastAccess = lastAccessedTimeProperty.get(turnContext).join();
if (lastAccess != null
&& (java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.SECONDS.between(lastAccess, LocalTime.now()) >= expireAfterSeconds)) {
turnContext.sendActivity("Welcome back! Let's start over from the beginning.").join();
conversationState.clearState(turnContext).join();
}
return lastAccessedTimeProperty.set(turnContext, LocalTime.now()).thenCompose(setResult -> {
return super.onTurn(turnContext)
.thenCompose(result -> conversationState.saveChanges(turnContext))
// Save any state changes that might have occurred during the turn.
.thenCompose(result -> userState.saveChanges(turnContext));
});
}
config.py
首先,將設定新增 ExpireAfterSeconds
至 config.py:
PORT = 3978
APP_ID = os.environ.get("MicrosoftAppId", "")
APP_PASSWORD = os.environ.get("MicrosoftAppPassword", "")
EXPIRE_AFTER_SECONDS = os.environ.get("ExpireAfterSeconds", 30)
bots\dialog_bot.py
接下來,將欄位新增至 並 DialogBot
更新建構函式。 為和 last_accessed_time_property
新增本機欄位expire_after_seconds
。
expire_after_seconds
新增為建構函式的參數,並建立必要的 StatePropertyAccessor
:
def __init__(
self,
expire_after_seconds: int,
conversation_state: ConversationState,
user_state: UserState,
dialog: Dialog,
):
# Existing code omitted...
self.expire_after_seconds = expire_after_seconds
self.dialog_state_property = conversation_state.create_property("DialogState")
self.last_accessed_time_property = conversation_state.create_property("LastAccessedTime")
self.conversation_state = conversation_state
self.user_state = user_state
self.dialog = dialog
變更 on_message_activity
,使其使用 dialog_state_property
:
async def on_message_activity(self, turn_context: TurnContext):
await DialogHelper.run_dialog(
self.dialog,
turn_context,
self.dialog_state_property,
)
將程式代碼新增至 Bot on_turn
的 方法:
async def on_turn(self, turn_context: TurnContext):
# Retrieve the property value, and compare it to the current time.
now_seconds = int(time.time())
last_access = int(
await self.last_accessed_time_property.get(turn_context, now_seconds)
)
if now_seconds != last_access and (
now_seconds - last_access >= self.expire_after_seconds
):
# Notify the user that the conversation is being restarted.
await turn_context.send_activity(
"Welcome back! Let's start over from the beginning."
)
# Clear state.
await self.conversation_state.clear_state(turn_context)
await self.conversation_state.save_changes(turn_context, True)
await super().on_turn(turn_context)
# Set LastAccessedTime to the current time.
await self.last_accessed_time_property.set(turn_context, now_seconds)
# Save any state changes that might have occurred during the turn.
await self.conversation_state.save_changes(turn_context)
await self.user_state.save_changes(turn_context)
app.py
最後,更新 app.py
以將 EXPIRE_AFTER_SECONDS
參數傳送至 DialogBot
:
BOT = DialogBot(CONFIG.EXPIRE_AFTER_SECONDS, CONVERSATION_STATE, USER_STATE, DIALOG)
Cosmos DB 提供存留時間 (TTL) 功能,可讓您在特定時段後自動從容器中刪除專案。 這可以從 Azure 入口網站 或容器建立期間設定(使用語言特定的Cosmos DB SDK)。
Bot Framework SDK 不會公開 TTL 組態設定。 不過,可以覆寫容器初始化,而 Cosmos DB SDK 可用來在 Bot Framework 記憶體初始化之前設定 TTL。
從多回合提示範例的新複本開始,並將 NuGet 套件新增Microsoft.Bot.Builder.Azure
至專案。
appsettings.json
更新appsettings.json以包含 Cosmos DB 記憶體選項:
{
"MicrosoftAppId": "",
"MicrosoftAppPassword": "",
"CosmosDbTimeToLive": 30,
"CosmosDbEndpoint": "<endpoint-for-your-cosmosdb-instance>",
"CosmosDbAuthKey": "<your-cosmosdb-auth-key>",
"CosmosDbDatabaseId": "<your-database-id>",
"CosmosDbUserStateContainerId": "<no-ttl-container-id>",
"CosmosDbConversationStateContainerId": "<ttl-container-id>"
}
請注意兩個 ContainerId,一個用於 UserState
,另一個用於 ConversationState
。 預設的 TTL 是在容器上 ConversationState
設定,但未在 上設定 UserState
。
CosmosDbStorageInitializerHostedService.cs
接下來,建立類別 CosmosDbStorageInitializerHostedService
,以使用設定的存留時間建立容器。
// Add required using statements...
public class CosmosDbStorageInitializerHostedService : IHostedService
{
readonly CosmosDbPartitionedStorageOptions _storageOptions;
readonly int _cosmosDbTimeToLive;
public CosmosDbStorageInitializerHostedService(IConfiguration config)
{
_storageOptions = new CosmosDbPartitionedStorageOptions()
{
CosmosDbEndpoint = config["CosmosDbEndpoint"],
AuthKey = config["CosmosDbAuthKey"],
DatabaseId = config["CosmosDbDatabaseId"],
ContainerId = config["CosmosDbConversationStateContainerId"]
};
_cosmosDbTimeToLive = config.GetValue<int>("CosmosDbTimeToLive");
}
public async Task StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
using (var client = new CosmosClient(
_storageOptions.CosmosDbEndpoint,
_storageOptions.AuthKey,
_storageOptions.CosmosClientOptions ?? new CosmosClientOptions()))
{
// Create the contaier with the provided TTL
var containerResponse = await client
.GetDatabase(_storageOptions.DatabaseId)
.DefineContainer(_storageOptions.ContainerId, "/id")
.WithDefaultTimeToLive(_cosmosDbTimeToLive)
.WithIndexingPolicy().WithAutomaticIndexing(false).Attach()
.CreateIfNotExistsAsync(_storageOptions.ContainerThroughput)
.ConfigureAwait(false);
}
}
public Task StopAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken) => Task.CompletedTask;
}
Startup.cs
最後,更新 Startup.cs
以使用記憶體初始化運算式和 Cosmos DB 的狀態:
// Existing code omitted...
// commented out MemoryStorage, since we are using CosmosDbPartitionedStorage instead
// services.AddSingleton<IStorage, MemoryStorage>();
// Add the Initializer as a HostedService (so it's called during the app service startup)
services.AddHostedService<CosmosDbStorageInitializerHostedService>();
// Create the storage options for User state
var userStorageOptions = new CosmosDbPartitionedStorageOptions()
{
CosmosDbEndpoint = Configuration["CosmosDbEndpoint"],
AuthKey = Configuration["CosmosDbAuthKey"],
DatabaseId = Configuration["CosmosDbDatabaseId"],
ContainerId = Configuration["CosmosDbUserStateContainerId"]
};
// Create the User state. (Used in this bot's Dialog implementation.)
services.AddSingleton(new UserState(new CosmosDbPartitionedStorage(userStorageOptions)));
// Create the storage options for Conversation state
var conversationStorageOptions = new CosmosDbPartitionedStorageOptions()
{
CosmosDbEndpoint = Configuration["CosmosDbEndpoint"],
AuthKey = Configuration["CosmosDbAuthKey"],
DatabaseId = Configuration["CosmosDbDatabaseId"],
ContainerId = Configuration["CosmosDbConversationStateContainerId"]
};
// Create the Conversation state. (Used by the Dialog system itself.)
services.AddSingleton(new ConversationState(new CosmosDbPartitionedStorage(conversationStorageOptions)));
// Existing code omitted...
從多回合提示範例的新複本開始。
.env
更新 .env 以包含 Cosmos DB 記憶體選項:
MicrosoftAppId=
MicrosoftAppPassword=
CosmosDbTimeToLive=30
CosmosDbEndpoint=<endpoint-for-your-cosmosdb-instance>
CosmosDbAuthKey=<your-cosmosdb-auth-key>
CosmosDbDatabaseId=<your-database-id>
CosmosDbUserStateContainerId=<no-ttl-container-id>
CosmosDbConversationStateContainerId=<ttl-container-id>
請注意兩個 ContainerId,一個用於 UserState
,另一個用於 ConversationState
。 預設的 TTL 是在容器上 ConversationState
設定,但不是 UserState
。
project.json
接下來,將 botbuilder-azure
npm 套件新增至 project.json。
"dependencies": {
"botbuilder": "~4.9.2",
"botbuilder-dialogs": "~4.9.2",
"botbuilder-azure": "~4.9.2",
"dotenv": "^8.2.0",
"path": "^0.12.7",
"restify": "~8.5.1"
},
index.js
將必要的 require 語句新增至index.js:
const { CosmosDbPartitionedStorage } = require('botbuilder-azure');
const { CosmosClient } = require('@azure/cosmos');
將、 ConversationState
建立 UserState
取代MemoryStorage
為:
// const memoryStorage = new MemoryStorage();
// Storage options for Conversation State
const conversationStorageOptions = {
cosmosDbEndpoint: process.env.CosmosDbEndpoint,
authKey: process.env.CosmosDbAuthKey,
databaseId: process.env.CosmosDbDatabaseId,
containerId: process.env.CosmosDbConversationStateContainerId
};
// Create a cosmosClient, and set defaultTtl (with other properties)
var cosmosClient = new CosmosClient({
endpoint: conversationStorageOptions.cosmosDbEndpoint,
key: conversationStorageOptions.authKey,
...conversationStorageOptions.cosmosClientOptions,
});
// Create the container with the provided TTL.
Promise.resolve(cosmosClient
.database(conversationStorageOptions.databaseId)
.containers.createIfNotExists({
id: conversationStorageOptions.containerId,
partitionKey: {
paths: ['/id']
},
defaultTtl: parseInt(process.env.CosmosDbTimeToLive, 10)
}));
// Storage options for User State
const userStorageOptions = {
cosmosDbEndpoint: process.env.CosmosDbEndpoint,
authKey: process.env.CosmosDbAuthKey,
databaseId: process.env.CosmosDbDatabaseId,
containerId: process.env.CosmosDbUserStateContainerId
};
// Create state instances.
const conversationState = new ConversationState(new CosmosDbPartitionedStorage(conversationStorageOptions));
const userState = new UserState(new CosmosDbPartitionedStorage(userStorageOptions));
最後,請先執行 npm 安裝,再啟動 Bot。
npm install
從多回合提示範例的新複本開始,並將下列相依性新增至 pom.xml 檔案:
<dependency>
<groupId>com.microsoft.bot</groupId>
<artifactId>bot-azure</artifactId>
<version>4.13.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.azure</groupId>
<artifactId>azure-cosmos</artifactId>
</dependency>
application.properties
更新 application.properties 以包含 Cosmos DB 記憶體選項:
MicrosoftAppId=
MicrosoftAppPassword=
server.port=3978
CosmosDbTimeToLive = 30
CosmosDbEndpoint = <endpoint-for-your-cosmosdb-instance>
CosmosDbAuthKey = <your-cosmosdb-auth-key>
CosmosDbDatabaseId = <your-database-id>
CosmosDbUserStateContainerId = <no-ttl-container-id>
CosmosDbConversationStateContainerId = <ttl-container-id>
請注意兩個 ContainerId,一個用於 UserState
,另一個用於 ConversationState
。 預設的 TTL 是在容器上 ConversationState
設定,但未在 上設定 UserState
。
CosmosDbStorageInitializer.java
接下來,建立類別 CosmosDbStorageInitializer
,以使用設定的存留時間建立容器。
package com.microsoft.bot.sample.multiturnprompt;
import com.azure.cosmos.CosmosAsyncClient;
import com.azure.cosmos.CosmosClientBuilder;
import com.azure.cosmos.models.CosmosContainerProperties;
import com.microsoft.bot.azure.CosmosDbPartitionedStorageOptions;
import com.microsoft.bot.integration.Configuration;
public class CosmosDbStorageInitializer {
final CosmosDbPartitionedStorageOptions storageOptions;
final int cosmosDbTimeToLive;
public CosmosDbStorageInitializer(Configuration configuration) {
storageOptions = new CosmosDbPartitionedStorageOptions();
storageOptions.setCosmosDbEndpoint(configuration.getProperty("CosmosDbEndpoint"));
storageOptions.setAuthKey(configuration.getProperty("CosmosDbAuthKey"));
storageOptions.setDatabaseId(configuration.getProperty("CosmosDbDatabaseId"));
storageOptions.setContainerId(configuration.getProperty("CosmosDbConversationStateContainerId"));
cosmosDbTimeToLive = configuration.getProperty("CosmosDbTimeToLive") != null
? Integer.parseInt(configuration.getProperty("CosmosDbTimeToLive"))
: 30;
}
public void initialize() {
CosmosAsyncClient client = new CosmosClientBuilder().endpoint(storageOptions.getCosmosDbEndpoint())
.key(storageOptions.getAuthKey()).buildAsyncClient();
client.createDatabaseIfNotExists(storageOptions.getDatabaseId()).block();
CosmosContainerProperties cosmosContainerProperties = new CosmosContainerProperties(
storageOptions.getContainerId(), "/id");
cosmosContainerProperties.setDefaultTimeToLiveInSeconds(cosmosDbTimeToLive);
client.getDatabase(storageOptions.getDatabaseId()).createContainerIfNotExists(cosmosContainerProperties)
.block();
client.close();
}
}
Application.java
最後,更新 Application.java
以使用記憶體初始化運算式和 Cosmos DB 的狀態:
// Existing code omitted...
@Override
public ConversationState getConversationState(Storage storage) {
Configuration configuration = getConfiguration();
CosmosDbStorageInitializer initializer = new CosmosDbStorageInitializer(configuration);
initializer.initialize();
CosmosDbPartitionedStorageOptions storageOptions = new CosmosDbPartitionedStorageOptions();
storageOptions.setCosmosDbEndpoint(configuration.getProperty("CosmosDbEndpoint"));
storageOptions.setAuthKey(configuration.getProperty("CosmosDbAuthKey"));
storageOptions.setDatabaseId(configuration.getProperty("CosmosDbDatabaseId"));
storageOptions.setContainerId(configuration.getProperty("CosmosDbConversationStateContainerId"));
return new ConversationState(new CosmosDbPartitionedStorage(storageOptions));
}
/**
* Returns a UserState object. Default scope of Singleton.
*
* @param storage The Storage object to use.
* @return A UserState object.
*/
@Override
public UserState getUserState(Storage storage) {
Configuration configuration = getConfiguration();
CosmosDbPartitionedStorageOptions storageOptions = new CosmosDbPartitionedStorageOptions();
storageOptions.setCosmosDbEndpoint(configuration.getProperty("CosmosDbEndpoint"));
storageOptions.setAuthKey(configuration.getProperty("CosmosDbAuthKey"));
storageOptions.setDatabaseId(configuration.getProperty("CosmosDbDatabaseId"));
storageOptions.setContainerId(configuration.getProperty("CosmosDbUserStateContainerId"));
return new UserState(new CosmosDbPartitionedStorage(storageOptions));
}
從多回合提示範例的新複本開始。
config.py
更新 config.py
以包含 Cosmos DB 記憶體選項:
PORT = 3978
APP_ID = os.environ.get("MicrosoftAppId", "")
APP_PASSWORD = os.environ.get("MicrosoftAppPassword", "")
COSMOSDB_TTL = os.environ.get("CosmosDbTimeToLive", 30)
COSMOSDB_ENDPOINT = os.environ.get("CosmosDbEndpoint", "<endpoint-for-your-cosmosdb-instance>")
COSMOSDB_AUTH_KEY = os.environ.get("CosmosDbAuthKey", "<your-cosmosdb-auth-key>")
COSMOSDB_DATABASE_ID = os.environ.get("CosmosDbDatabaseId", "<your-database-id>")
COSMOSDB_USER_STATE_CONTAINER_ID = os.environ.get("CosmosDbUserStateContainerId", "<no-ttl-container-id>")
COSMOSDB_CONVERSATION_STATE_CONTAINER_ID = os.environ.get("CosmosDbConversationStateContainerId", "<ttl-container-id>")
請注意兩個 ContainerId,一個用於 UserState
,另一個用於 ConversationState
。 預設的 TTL 是在容器上 ConversationState
設定,但不是 UserState
。
requirements.txt
接下來,將套件新增 botbuilder-azure
至requirements.txt。
botbuilder-integration-aiohttp>=4.10.0
botbuilder-dialogs>=4.10.0
botbuilder-ai>=4.10.0
botbuilder-azure>=4.10.0
然後,執行 pip install:
pip install -r requirements.txt
app.py
client = cosmos_client.CosmosClient(
CONFIG.COSMOSDB_ENDPOINT, {"masterKey": CONFIG.COSMOSDB_AUTH_KEY},
)
containers = list(client.QueryContainers("dbs/" + CONFIG.COSMOSDB_DATABASE_ID, {
"query": "SELECT * FROM r WHERE r.id=@id",
"parameters": [
{"name": "@id", "value": CONFIG.COSMOSDB_CONVERSATION_STATE_CONTAINER_ID}
],
}))
if len(containers) < 1:
new_container = client.CreateContainer(
"dbs/" + CONFIG.COSMOSDB_DATABASE_ID,
{
"defaultTtl": CONFIG.COSMOSDB_TTL,
"id": CONFIG.COSMOSDB_CONVERSATION_STATE_CONTAINER_ID,
"partitionKey": {"paths": ["/id"], "kind": "Hash",},
},
)