快速入門：使用 Azure 防火牆 Manager 保護虛擬中樞 - Terraform

發行項
2025/01/09

在本快速入門中，您會使用 Terraform，使用 Azure 防火牆 Manager 保護您的虛擬中樞。已部署的防火牆具有允許連線到 www.microsoft.com 的應用程式規則。已部署兩部 Windows Server 2019 虛擬機器來測試防火牆。一部跳躍伺服器用來連線到工作負載伺服器。從工作負載伺服器，您只能連線到 www.microsoft.com。

如需 Azure 防火牆管理員的詳細資訊，請參閱什麼是 Azure 防火牆管理員？。

必要條件

具有有效訂用帳戶的 Azure 帳戶。免費建立帳戶。

Azure 訂用帳戶：如果您沒有 Azure 訂用帳戶，請在開始前建立免費帳戶。

安裝及設定 Terraform

檢閱並實作 Terraform 程式碼

注意

本文中的範例程式碼位於 Azure Terraform GitHub 存放庫 (英文)。您可以檢視記錄檔，內含目前和舊版 Terraform 的測試結果 (英文)。

Terraform 程式碼中定義了多個 Azure 資源。 main.tf 檔案中會定義下列資源：

建立目錄，然後在目錄中測試範例 Terraform 程式碼，並將其設為目前的目錄。

建立名為 provider.tf 的檔案，並插入下列程式碼：

terraform {
  required_providers {
    azurerm = {
      source  = "hashicorp/azurerm"
      version = "~>3.0"
    }
    random = {
      source  = "hashicorp/random"
      version = "~>3.0"
    }
  }
}

provider "azurerm" {
  features {
    virtual_machine {
      delete_os_disk_on_deletion = true
      skip_shutdown_and_force_delete = true
    }
  }
}

建立名為 main.tf 的檔案，並插入下列程式碼：

resource "random_pet" "rg-name" {
  prefix = var.resource_group_name_prefix
}

resource "azurerm_resource_group" "rg" {
  name     = random_pet.rg-name.id
  location = var.resource_group_location
}

resource "azurerm_virtual_wan" "azfw_vwan" {
  name                           = "vwan-azfw-securehub-eus"
  location                       = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
  resource_group_name            = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
  allow_branch_to_branch_traffic = true
  disable_vpn_encryption         = false
}

resource "azurerm_virtual_hub" "azfw_vwan_hub" {
  name                = "hub-azfw-securehub-eus"
  location            = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
  resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
  virtual_wan_id      = azurerm_virtual_wan.azfw_vwan.id
  address_prefix      = "10.20.0.0/23"
}

resource "azurerm_virtual_hub_connection" "azfw_vwan_hub_connection" {
  name                      = "hub-to-spoke"
  virtual_hub_id            = azurerm_virtual_hub.azfw_vwan_hub.id
  remote_virtual_network_id = azurerm_virtual_network.azfw_vnet.id
  internet_security_enabled = true
  routing {
    associated_route_table_id = azurerm_virtual_hub_route_table.vhub_rt.id
    propagated_route_table {
      route_table_ids = [azurerm_virtual_hub_route_table.vhub_rt.id]
      labels          = ["VNet"]
    }
  }
}

resource "azurerm_public_ip" "pip_azfw" {
  name                = "pip-azfw-securehub-eus"
  location            = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
  resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
  allocation_method   = "Static"
  sku                 = "Standard"
}

resource "azurerm_firewall_policy" "azfw_policy" {
  name                     = "policy-azfw-securehub-eus"
  resource_group_name      = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
  location                 = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
  sku                      = var.firewall_sku_name
  threat_intelligence_mode = "Alert"
}

resource "azurerm_firewall_policy_rule_collection_group" "app_policy_rule_collection_group" {
  name               = "DefaulApplicationtRuleCollectionGroup"
  firewall_policy_id = azurerm_firewall_policy.azfw_policy.id
  priority           = 300
  application_rule_collection {
    name     = "DefaultApplicationRuleCollection"
    action   = "Allow"
    priority = 100
    rule {
      name        = "Allow-MSFT"
      description = "Allow access to Microsoft.com"
      protocols {
        type = "Https"
        port = 443
      }
      protocols {
        type = "Http"
        port = 80
      }
      destination_fqdns = ["*.microsoft.com"]
      terminate_tls     = false
      source_addresses  = ["*"]
    }
  }
}

resource "azurerm_firewall" "fw" {
  name                = "fw-azfw-securehub-eus"
  location            = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
  resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
  sku_name            = "AZFW_Hub"
  sku_tier            = var.firewall_sku_name
  virtual_hub {
    virtual_hub_id  = azurerm_virtual_hub.azfw_vwan_hub.id
    public_ip_count = 1
  }
  firewall_policy_id = azurerm_firewall_policy.azfw_policy.id
}

resource "azurerm_virtual_network" "azfw_vnet" {
  name                = "vnet-azfw-securehub-eus"
  location            = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
  resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
  address_space       = ["10.10.0.0/16"]
}

resource "azurerm_subnet" "workload_subnet" {
  name                 = "subnet-workload"
  resource_group_name  = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
  virtual_network_name = azurerm_virtual_network.azfw_vnet.name
  address_prefixes     = ["10.10.1.0/24"]
}

resource "azurerm_subnet" "jump_subnet" {
  name                 = "subnet-jump"
  resource_group_name  = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
  virtual_network_name = azurerm_virtual_network.azfw_vnet.name
  address_prefixes     = ["10.10.2.0/24"]
}

resource "azurerm_network_interface" "vm_workload_nic" {
  name                = "nic-workload"
  location            = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
  resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name

  ip_configuration {
    name                          = "ipconfig-workload"
    subnet_id                     = azurerm_subnet.workload_subnet.id
    private_ip_address_allocation = "Dynamic"
  }
}

resource "azurerm_public_ip" "vm_jump_pip" {
  name                = "pip-jump"
  location            = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
  resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
  allocation_method   = "Static"
  sku                 = "Standard"
}

resource "azurerm_network_interface" "vm_jump_nic" {
  name                = "nic-jump"
  location            = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
  resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name

  ip_configuration {
    name                          = "ipconfig-jump"
    subnet_id                     = azurerm_subnet.jump_subnet.id
    private_ip_address_allocation = "Dynamic"
    public_ip_address_id          = azurerm_public_ip.vm_jump_pip.id
  }
}

resource "azurerm_network_security_group" "vm_workload_nsg" {
  name                = "nsg-workload"
  location            = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
  resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
}

resource "azurerm_network_security_group" "vm_jump_nsg" {
  name                = "nsg-jump"
  location            = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
  resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
  security_rule {
    name                       = "Allow-RDP"
    priority                   = 300
    direction                  = "Inbound"
    access                     = "Allow"
    protocol                   = "Tcp"
    source_port_range          = "*"
    destination_port_range     = "3389"
    source_address_prefix      = "*"
    destination_address_prefix = "*"
  }
}

resource "azurerm_network_interface_security_group_association" "vm_workload_nsg_association" {
  network_interface_id      = azurerm_network_interface.vm_workload_nic.id
  network_security_group_id = azurerm_network_security_group.vm_workload_nsg.id
}

resource "azurerm_network_interface_security_group_association" "vm_jump_nsg_association" {
  network_interface_id      = azurerm_network_interface.vm_jump_nic.id
  network_security_group_id = azurerm_network_security_group.vm_jump_nsg.id
}

resource "azurerm_windows_virtual_machine" "vm_workload" {
  name                  = "workload-vm"
  resource_group_name   = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
  location              = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
  size                  = var.virtual_machine_size
  admin_username        = var.admin_username
  admin_password        = random_password.password.result
  network_interface_ids = [azurerm_network_interface.vm_workload_nic.id]
  os_disk {
    caching              = "ReadWrite"
    storage_account_type = "Standard_LRS"
  }
  source_image_reference {
    publisher = "MicrosoftWindowsServer"
    offer     = "WindowsServer"
    sku       = "2019-Datacenter"
    version   = "latest"
  }
}

resource "azurerm_windows_virtual_machine" "vm_jump" {
  name                  = "jump-vm"
  resource_group_name   = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
  location              = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
  size                  = var.virtual_machine_size
  admin_username        = var.admin_username
  admin_password        = random_password.password.result
  network_interface_ids = [azurerm_network_interface.vm_jump_nic.id]
  os_disk {
    caching              = "ReadWrite"
    storage_account_type = "Standard_LRS"
  }
  source_image_reference {
    publisher = "MicrosoftWindowsServer"
    offer     = "WindowsServer"
    sku       = "2019-Datacenter"
    version   = "latest"
  }
}

resource "azurerm_route_table" "rt" {
  name                          = "rt-azfw-securehub-eus"
  location                      = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
  resource_group_name           = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
  disable_bgp_route_propagation = false
  route {
    name           = "jump-to-internet"
    address_prefix = "0.0.0.0/0"
    next_hop_type  = "Internet"
  }
}

resource "azurerm_subnet_route_table_association" "jump_subnet_rt_association" {
  subnet_id      = azurerm_subnet.jump_subnet.id
  route_table_id = azurerm_route_table.rt.id
}

resource "azurerm_virtual_hub_route_table" "vhub_rt" {
  name           = "vhub-rt-azfw-securehub-eus"
  virtual_hub_id = azurerm_virtual_hub.azfw_vwan_hub.id
  route {
    name              = "workload-SNToFirewall"
    destinations_type = "CIDR"
    destinations      = ["10.10.1.0/24"]
    next_hop_type     = "ResourceId"
    next_hop          = azurerm_firewall.fw.id
  }
  route {
    name              = "InternetToFirewall"
    destinations_type = "CIDR"
    destinations      = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
    next_hop_type     = "ResourceId"
    next_hop          = azurerm_firewall.fw.id
  }
  labels = ["VNet"]
}

resource "random_password" "password" {
  length      = 20
  min_lower   = 1
  min_upper   = 1
  min_numeric = 1
  min_special = 1
  special     = true
}

建立名為 variables.tf 的檔案，並插入下列程式碼：

variable "resource_group_location" {
  type        = string
  description = "Location for all resources."
  default     = "eastus"
}

variable "resource_group_name_prefix" {
  type = string
  description = "Prefix for the Resource Group Name that's combined with a random id so name is unique in your Azure subcription."  
  default = "rg"
}

variable "firewall_sku_name" {
  type        = string
  description = "SKU name for the firewall."
  default     = "Premium" # Valid values are Standard and Premium
}

variable "virtual_machine_size" {
  type        = string
  description = "Size of the virtual machine."
  default     = "Standard_D2_v3"
}

variable "admin_username" {
  default = "azureuser"
}

建立名為 outputs.tf 的檔案，並插入下列程式碼，但請務必將值更新為您自己的後端主機名稱：

output "resource_group_name" {
  value = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
}

output "virtual_hub_name" {
  value = azurerm_virtual_hub.azfw_vwan_hub.name
}

output "jump_admin_password" {
  sensitive = true
  value     = azurerm_windows_virtual_machine.vm_jump.admin_password
}

output "workload_admin_password" {
  sensitive = true
  value     = azurerm_windows_virtual_machine.vm_workload.admin_password
}

初始化 Terraform

執行 terraform init 來初始化 Terraform 部署。此命令會下載管理 Azure 資源所需的 Azure 提供者。

terraform init -upgrade

重點︰

-upgrade 參數會將必要的提供者外掛程式升級至符合設定版本條件約束的最新版本。

建立 Terraform 執行計畫

執行 terraform plan 以建立執行計畫。

terraform plan -out main.tfplan

重點︰

terraform plan 命令會建立執行計畫，但不會執行。相反地，其會決定要在您指定的設定檔中建立設定所需的動作。此模式可讓您在對實際資源進行任何變更之前，先確認執行方案是否符合您的預期。
選用的 -out 參數可讓您指定計畫的輸出檔。使用 -out 參數可確保您所檢閱的方案就是所套用的方案。

套用 Terraform 執行計畫

執行 terraform apply 將執行計畫套用至您的雲端基礎結構。

terraform apply main.tfplan

重點︰

範例 terraform apply 命令會假設您先前已執行 terraform plan -out main.tfplan。
如果您為 -out 參數指定了不同的檔案名稱，請在呼叫 terraform apply 時使用該檔案名稱。
若您未使用 -out 參數，請呼叫 terraform apply，不需要使用參數。

清除資源

當您不再需要透過 Terraform 建立的資源時，請執行下列步驟：

執行 terraform plan 並指定 destroy 旗標。
```
terraform plan -destroy -out main.destroy.tfplan
```
重點︰
- terraform plan 命令會建立執行計畫，但不會執行。相反地，其會決定要在您指定的設定檔中建立設定所需的動作。此模式可讓您在對實際資源進行任何變更之前，先確認執行方案是否符合您的預期。
- 選用的 -out 參數可讓您指定計畫的輸出檔。使用 -out 參數可確保您所檢閱的方案就是所套用的方案。
執行 terraform apply 以套用執行方案。
```
terraform apply main.destroy.tfplan
```

對 Azure 上的 Terraform 進行疑難排解

針對在 Azure 上使用 Terraform 時的常見問題進行疑難排解

下一步

深入了解安全性合作夥伴提供者

共用方式為

快速入門：使用 Azure 防火牆 Manager 保護虛擬中樞 - Terraform

必要條件

檢閱並實作 Terraform 程式碼

初始化 Terraform

建立 Terraform 執行計畫

套用 Terraform 執行計畫

清除資源

對 Azure 上的 Terraform 進行疑難排解

下一步

意見反應

其他資源