Action<T1,T2> 代理人

參考

定義

命名空間:: System

組件:: System.Runtime.dll

組件:: System.Core.dll

組件:: mscorlib.dll

組件:: netstandard.dll

重要

部分資訊涉及發行前產品，在發行之前可能會有大幅修改。 Microsoft 對此處提供的資訊，不做任何明確或隱含的瑕疵擔保。

封裝具有 2 個參數且沒有傳回值的方法。

generic <typename T1, typename T2>
public delegate void Action(T1 arg1, T2 arg2);

public delegate void Action<in T1,in T2>(T1 arg1, T2 arg2);

public delegate void Action<T1,T2>(T1 arg1, T2 arg2);

type Action<'T1, 'T2> = delegate of 'T1 * 'T2 -> unit

Public Delegate Sub Action(Of In T1, In T2)(arg1 As T1, arg2 As T2)

Public Delegate Sub Action(Of T1, T2)(arg1 As T1, arg2 As T2)

類型參數

T1

此委派封裝之方法的第一個參數類型。

這是反變數的型別參數。也就是說，您可以使用您指定的類型，或衍生程度較低的任何類型。如需共變數與反變數的詳細資訊，請參閱泛型中的共變數與反變數。

T2

此委派封裝之方法的第二個參數類型。

參數

arg1: T1

由這個委派所封裝之方法的第一個參數。

arg2: T2

此委派封裝之方法的第二個參數。

備註

您可以使用 Action<T1,T2> 委派將方法當做參數傳遞，而不需明確宣告自訂委派。封裝的方法必須對應至這個委派所定義的方法簽章。這表示封裝的方法必須有兩個參數，兩個參數都是以傳值方式傳遞給它，而且不能傳回值。 (在 C# 中，方法必須傳回 void 。在 F# 中，方法或函式必須傳回單位。在Visual Basic中，它必須由 ... 定義 Sub``End Sub construct：它也可以是傳回忽略之值的方法。) 通常，這類方法會用來執行作業。

注意

若要參考具有兩個參數並傳回值的方法，請改用泛型 Func<T1,T2,TResult> 委派。

當您使用委派時 Action<T1,T2> ，不需要明確定義封裝具有兩個參數之方法的委派。例如，下列程式碼會明確宣告名為的 ConcatStrings 委派。然後，它會將兩個方法的其中一個參考指派給其委派實例。一種方法會將兩個字串寫入主控台;第二個會將兩個字串寫入檔案。

using System;
using System.IO;

delegate void ConcatStrings(string string1, string string2);

public class TestDelegate
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      string message1 = "The first line of a message.";
      string message2 = "The second line of a message.";
      ConcatStrings concat;

      if (Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().Length > 1)
         concat = WriteToFile;
      else
         concat = WriteToConsole;

      concat(message1, message2);
   }

   private static void WriteToConsole(string string1, string string2)
   {
      Console.WriteLine("{0}\n{1}", string1, string2);
   }

   private static void WriteToFile(string string1, string string2)
   {
      StreamWriter writer = null;
      try
      {
         writer = new StreamWriter(Environment.GetCommandLineArgs()[1], false);
         writer.WriteLine("{0}\n{1}", string1, string2);
      }
      catch
      {
         Console.WriteLine("File write operation failed...");
      }
      finally
      {
         if (writer != null) writer.Close();
      }
   }
}

open System
open System.IO

type ConcatStrings = delegate of string1: string * string1: string -> unit

let message1 = "The first line of a message"
let message2 = "The second line of a message"

let writeToConsole string1 string2 = 
    printfn $"{string1}\n{string2}"

let writeToFile string1 string2 =
    use writer = new StreamWriter(Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().[1], false)
    writer.WriteLine $"{string1}\n{string2}"

let concat =
    ConcatStrings(fun string1 string2 ->
        if Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().Length > 1 then
            writeToFile string1 string2
        else
            writeToConsole string1 string2
    )

concat.Invoke(message1, message2)

Imports System.IO

Delegate Sub ConcatStrings(string1 As String, string2 As String)

Module TestDelegate
   Public Sub Main()
      
      Dim message1 As String = "The first line of a message."
      Dim message2 As String = "The second line of a message."
      Dim concat As ConcatStrings
      
      If Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().Length > 1 Then
         concat = AddressOf WriteToFile
      Else
         concat = AddressOf WriteToConsole
      End If   
      concat(message1, message2)         
   End Sub
   
   Private Sub WriteToConsole(string1 As String, string2 As String)
      Console.WriteLine("{0}{1}{2}", string1, vbCrLf, string2)
   End Sub
   
   Private Sub WriteToFile(string1 As String, string2 As String)
      Dim writer As StreamWriter = Nothing  
      Try
         writer = New StreamWriter(Environment.GetCommandLineArgs(1), False)
         writer.WriteLine("{0}{1}{2}", string1, vbCrLf, string2)
      Catch
         Console.WriteLine("File write operation failed...")
      Finally
         If writer IsNot Nothing Then writer.Close
      End Try      
   End Sub
End Module

下列範例會具現化委派， Action<T1,T2> 而不是明確定義新的委派，並將具名方法指派給它，藉此簡化此程式碼。

using System;
using System.IO;

public class TestAction2
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      string message1 = "The first line of a message.";
      string message2 = "The second line of a message.";
      Action<string, string> concat;

      if (Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().Length > 1)
         concat = WriteToFile;
      else
         concat = WriteToConsole;

      concat(message1, message2);
   }

   private static void WriteToConsole(string string1, string string2)
   {
      Console.WriteLine("{0}\n{1}", string1, string2);
   }

   private static void WriteToFile(string string1, string string2)
   {
      StreamWriter writer = null;
      try
      {
         writer = new StreamWriter(Environment.GetCommandLineArgs()[1], false);
         writer.WriteLine("{0}\n{1}", string1, string2);
      }
      catch
      {
         Console.WriteLine("File write operation failed...");
      }
      finally
      {
         if (writer != null) writer.Close();
      }
   }
}

open System
open System.IO

let message1 = "The first line of a message"
let message2 = "The second line of a message"

let writeToConsole string1 string2 = 
    printfn $"{string1}\n{string2}"

let writeToFile string1 string2 =
    use writer = new StreamWriter(Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().[1], false)
    writer.WriteLine $"{string1}\n{string2}"

let concat =
    Action<string, string>(fun string1 string2 ->
        if Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().Length > 1 then
            writeToFile string1 string2
        else
            writeToConsole string1 string2
    )

concat.Invoke(message1, message2)

Imports System.IO

Module TestAction2
   Public Sub Main()
      
      Dim message1 As String = "The first line of a message."
      Dim message2 As String = "The second line of a message."
      Dim concat As Action(Of String, String)
      
      If Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().Length > 1 Then
         concat = AddressOf WriteToFile
      Else
         concat = AddressOf WriteToConsole
      End If   
      concat(message1, message2)         
   End Sub
   
   Private Sub WriteToConsole(string1 As String, string2 As String)
      Console.WriteLine("{0}{1}{2}", string1, vbCrLf, string2)
   End Sub
   
   Private Sub WriteToFile(string1 As String, string2 As String)
      Dim writer As StreamWriter = Nothing  
      Try
         writer = New StreamWriter(Environment.GetCommandLineArgs(1), False)
         writer.WriteLine("{0}{1}{2}", string1, vbCrLf, string2)
      Catch
         Console.WriteLine("File write operation failed...")
      Finally
         If writer IsNot Nothing Then writer.Close
      End Try      
   End Sub
End Module

您也可以在 Action<T1,T2> C# 中搭配匿名方法使用委派，如下列範例所示。 (如需匿名方法的簡介，請參閱 Anonymous Methods.)

using System;
using System.IO;

public class TestAnonymousMethod
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      string message1 = "The first line of a message.";
      string message2 = "The second line of a message.";
      Action<string, string> concat;

      if (Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().Length > 1)
         concat = delegate(string s1, string s2) { WriteToFile(s1, s2); };
      else
         concat = delegate(string s1, string s2) { WriteToConsole(s1, s2);} ;

      concat(message1, message2);
   }

   private static void WriteToConsole(string string1, string string2)
   {
      Console.WriteLine("{0}\n{1}", string1, string2);
   }

   private static void WriteToFile(string string1, string string2)
   {
      StreamWriter writer = null;
      try
      {
         writer = new StreamWriter(Environment.GetCommandLineArgs()[1], false);
         writer.WriteLine("{0}\n{1}", string1, string2);
      }
      catch
      {
         Console.WriteLine("File write operation failed...");
      }
      finally
      {
         if (writer != null) writer.Close();
      }
   }
}

您也可以將 Lambda 運算式指派給 Action<T1,T2> 委派實例，如下列範例所示。 (如需 Lambda 運算式的簡介，請參閱 Lambda 運算式 (C#) 或 Lambda 運算式 (F#) .)

using System;
using System.IO;

public class TestLambdaExpression
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      string message1 = "The first line of a message.";
      string message2 = "The second line of a message.";
      Action<string, string> concat;

      if (Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().Length > 1)
         concat = (s1, s2) => WriteToFile(s1, s2);
      else
         concat = (s1, s2) => WriteToConsole(s1, s2);

      concat(message1, message2);
   }

   private static void WriteToConsole(string string1, string string2)
   {
      Console.WriteLine("{0}\n{1}", string1, string2);
   }

   private static void WriteToFile(string string1, string string2)
   {
      StreamWriter writer = null;
      try
      {
         writer = new StreamWriter(Environment.GetCommandLineArgs()[1], false);
         writer.WriteLine("{0}\n{1}", string1, string2);
      }
      catch
      {
         Console.WriteLine("File write operation failed...");
      }
      finally
      {
         if (writer != null) writer.Close();
      }
   }
}

open System
open System.IO

let message1 = "The first line of a message"
let message2 = "The second line of a message"

let writeToConsole string1 string2 = 
    printfn $"{string1}\n{string2}"

let writeToFile string1 string2 =
    use writer = new StreamWriter(Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().[1], false)
    writer.WriteLine $"{string1}\n{string2}"

let concat =
    Action<string,string>(
        if Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().Length > 1 then
            fun s1 s2 -> writeToFile s1 s2
        else
            fun s1 s2 -> writeToConsole s1 s2
    )

concat.Invoke(message1, message2)

Imports System.IO

Public Module TestLambdaExpression

   Public Sub Main()
      Dim message1 As String = "The first line of a message."
      Dim message2 As String = "The second line of a message."
      Dim concat As Action(Of String, String)
      
      If Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().Length > 1 Then
         concat = Sub(s1, s2) WriteToFile(s1, s2)
      Else
         concat = Sub(s1, s2) WriteToConsole(s1, s2)
      End If
         
      concat(message1, message2)
   End Sub
  
   Private Function WriteToConsole(string1 As String, string2 As String) As Integer
      Dim message As String = String.Format("{0}{1}{2}", string1, vbCrLf, string2)
      Console.WriteLine(message)
      Return message.Length
   End Function

   Private Function WriteToFile(string1 As String, string2 As String) As Integer
      Dim writer As StreamWriter = Nothing  
      Dim message As String = String.Format("{0}{1}{2}", string1, vbCrLf, string2)
      Dim charsWritten As Integer
      Try
         writer = New StreamWriter(Environment.GetCommandLineArgs()(1), False)
         writer.WriteLine(message)
      Catch
         Console.WriteLine("File write operation failed...")
      Finally
         If writer IsNot Nothing Then 
            writer.Close()
            charsWritten = message.Length
         Else
            charsWritten = 0
         End If
      End Try      
      Return charsWritten
   End Function
End Module

擴充方法

GetMethodInfo(Delegate)

取得表示特定委派所代表之方法的物件。

適用於

另請參閱

Func<T1,T2,TResult>

Action<T1,T2> 代理人

定義

類型參數

參數

備註

擴充方法

適用於

另請參閱

其他資源