Array.Sort 方法

定義

命名空間:

System

組件:

System.Runtime.dll

排序一維陣列中的專案。

多載

Sort(Array, Array, Int32, Int32, IComparer)	使用指定的 IComparer，根據第一個 Array 中的索引鍵，排序一對一維 Array 物件中的元素範圍（一個包含索引鍵，另一個包含對應的專案）。
Sort(Array, Int32, Int32, IComparer)	使用指定的 IComparer，排序一維 Array 中元素範圍中的專案。
Sort(Array, Array, Int32, Int32)	根據 Array 使用每個索引鍵的 IComparable 實作，排序一對一維 Array 物件中的元素範圍（一個包含索引鍵，另一個物件包含對應的專案）。
Sort(Array, Int32, Int32)	使用 Array中每個專案的 IComparable 實作，排序一維 Array 中元素範圍中的專案。
Sort(Array, Array, IComparer)	根據使用指定的 IComparer，根據第一個 Array 中的索引鍵，排序一維 Array 物件（一個包含索引鍵，另一個物件包含對應的專案）。
Sort(Array, Array)	根據使用每個索引鍵的 IComparable 實作，根據第一個 Array 中的索引鍵，排序一維 Array 物件（一個包含索引鍵，另一個物件包含對應的專案）。
Sort(Array)	使用 Array中每個專案的 IComparable 實作，排序整個一維 Array 中的專案。
Sort(Array, IComparer)	使用指定的 IComparer排序一維 Array 中的專案。
Sort<T>(T[])	使用 Array中每個專案的 IComparable<T> 泛型介面實作，排序整個 Array 中的專案。
Sort<T>(T[], IComparer<T>)	使用指定的 IComparer<T> 泛型介面，排序 Array 中的專案。
Sort<T>(T[], Comparison<T>)	使用指定的 Comparison<T>排序 Array 中的專案。
Sort<T>(T[], Int32, Int32)	使用 Array中每個專案的 IComparable<T> 泛型介面實作，排序 Array 中專案範圍內的專案。
Sort<T>(T[], Int32, Int32, IComparer<T>)	使用指定的 IComparer<T> 泛型介面，排序 Array 中專案範圍內的專案。
Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], Int32, Int32, IComparer<TKey>)	根據使用指定 IComparer<T> 泛型介面的第一個 Array 索引鍵，排序一組 Array 物件中的元素範圍（一個包含索引鍵，另一個包含對應的專案）。
Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[])	使用每個索引鍵的 IComparable<T> 泛型介面實作，根據第一個 Array 中的索引鍵，排序一組 Array 物件（一個包含索引鍵，另一個包含對應的專案）。
Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], IComparer<TKey>)	使用指定的 IComparer<T> 泛型介面，根據第一個 Array 中的索引鍵，排序一組 Array 物件（一個包含索引鍵，另一個包含對應的專案）。
Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], Int32, Int32)	根據 Array 使用每個索引鍵的 IComparable<T> 泛型介面實作，排序一組 Array 物件中的元素範圍（一個包含索引鍵，另一個包含對應的專案）。

Sort(Array, Array, Int32, Int32, IComparer)

來源:

Array.cs

使用指定的 IComparer，根據第一個 Array 中的索引鍵，排序一對一維 Array 物件中的元素範圍（一個包含索引鍵，另一個包含對應的專案）。

public:
 static void Sort(Array ^ keys, Array ^ items, int index, int length, System::Collections::IComparer ^ comparer);

public static void Sort (Array keys, Array? items, int index, int length, System.Collections.IComparer? comparer);

static member Sort : Array * Array * int * int * System.Collections.IComparer -> unit

Public Shared Sub Sort (keys As Array, items As Array, index As Integer, length As Integer, comparer As IComparer)

參數

keys

Array

包含要排序之索引鍵的一維 Array。

items

Array

一維 Array，其中包含對應至 keysArray中每個索引鍵的專案。

-或-

null 只排序 keysArray。

index

Int32

要排序之範圍的起始索引。

length

Int32

要排序之範圍中的項目數目。

comparer

IComparer

比較專案時要使用的 IComparer 實作。

-或-

null 使用每個專案的 IComparable 實作。

例外狀況

ArgumentNullException

keys null。

RankException

keys Array 是多維度。

-或-

items Array 是多維度。

ArgumentOutOfRangeException

index 小於 keys的下限。

-或-

length 小於零。

ArgumentException

items 不是 null，而 keys 的下限與 items的下限不相符。

-或-

items 不是 null，而且 keys 長度大於 items長度。

-或-

index 和 length 未在 keysArray中指定有效的範圍。

-或-

items 不是 null，index 和 length 未在 itemsArray中指定有效的範圍。

-或-

comparer 的實作在排序期間造成錯誤。 例如，在比較專案與本身時，comparer 可能不會傳回 0。

InvalidOperationException

comparer 是 null，而且 keysArray 中的一或多個元素不會實作 IComparable 介面。

範例

下列程式代碼範例示範如何排序兩個相關聯的陣列，其中第一個數位含索引鍵，而第二個陣列包含值。 排序是使用預設比較子，以及反轉排序順序的自定義比較子來完成。 請注意，結果可能會因目前的 CultureInfo而有所不同。

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections;

public ref class myReverserClass: public IComparer
{
private:

   // Calls CaseInsensitiveComparer::Compare with the parameters reversed.
   virtual int Compare( Object^ x, Object^ y ) = IComparer::Compare
   {
      return ((gcnew CaseInsensitiveComparer)->Compare( y, x ));
   }
};

void PrintKeysAndValues( array<String^>^myKeys, array<String^>^myValues )
{
   for ( int i = 0; i < myKeys->Length; i++ )
   {
      Console::WriteLine( " {0, -10}: {1}", myKeys[ i ], myValues[ i ] );
   }
   Console::WriteLine();
}

int main()
{
   // Creates and initializes a new Array and a new custom comparer.
   array<String^>^myKeys = {"red","GREEN","YELLOW","BLUE","purple","black","orange"};
   array<String^>^myValues = {"strawberries","PEARS","LIMES","BERRIES","grapes","olives","cantaloupe"};
   IComparer^ myComparer = gcnew myReverserClass;

   // Displays the values of the Array.
   Console::WriteLine( "The Array initially contains the following values:" );
   PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );

   // Sorts a section of the Array using the default comparer.
   Array::Sort( myKeys, myValues, 1, 3 );
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:" );

   // Sorts a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
   Array::Sort( myKeys, myValues, 1, 3, myComparer );
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:" );
   PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );

   // Sorts the entire Array using the default comparer.
   Array::Sort( myKeys, myValues );
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:" );
   PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );

   // Sorts the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
   Array::Sort( myKeys, myValues, myComparer );
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:" );
   PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );
}

/* 
This code produces the following output.

The Array initially contains the following values:
   red       : strawberries
   GREEN     : PEARS
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   purple    : grapes
   black     : olives
   orange    : cantaloupe

After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:
   red       : strawberries
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   GREEN     : PEARS
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   purple    : grapes
   black     : olives
   orange    : cantaloupe

After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
   red       : strawberries
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   GREEN     : PEARS
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   purple    : grapes
   black     : olives
   orange    : cantaloupe

After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:
   black     : olives
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   GREEN     : PEARS
   orange    : cantaloupe
   purple    : grapes
   red       : strawberries
   YELLOW    : LIMES

After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   red       : strawberries
   purple    : grapes
   orange    : cantaloupe
   GREEN     : PEARS
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   black     : olives

*/

using System;
using System.Collections;

public class SamplesArray  {

   public class myReverserClass : IComparer  {

      // Calls CaseInsensitiveComparer.Compare with the parameters reversed.
      int IComparer.Compare( Object x, Object y )  {
          return( (new CaseInsensitiveComparer()).Compare( y, x ) );
      }
   }

   public static void Main()  {

      // Creates and initializes a new Array and a new custom comparer.
      String[] myKeys = { "red", "GREEN", "YELLOW", "BLUE", "purple", "black", "orange" };
      String[] myValues = { "strawberries", "PEARS", "LIMES", "BERRIES", "grapes", "olives", "cantaloupe" };
      IComparer myComparer = new myReverserClass();

      // Displays the values of the Array.
      Console.WriteLine( "The Array initially contains the following values:" );
      PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );

      // Sorts a section of the Array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort( myKeys, myValues, 1, 3 );
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:" );
      PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );

      // Sorts a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort( myKeys, myValues, 1, 3, myComparer );
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:" );
      PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );

      // Sorts the entire Array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort( myKeys, myValues );
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:" );
      PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );

      // Sorts the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort( myKeys, myValues, myComparer );
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:" );
      PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );
   }

   public static void PrintKeysAndValues( String[] myKeys, String[] myValues )  {
      for ( int i = 0; i < myKeys.Length; i++ )  {
         Console.WriteLine( "   {0,-10}: {1}", myKeys[i], myValues[i] );
      }
      Console.WriteLine();
   }
}


/*
This code produces the following output.

The Array initially contains the following values:
   red       : strawberries
   GREEN     : PEARS
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   purple    : grapes
   black     : olives
   orange    : cantaloupe

After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:
   red       : strawberries
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   GREEN     : PEARS
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   purple    : grapes
   black     : olives
   orange    : cantaloupe

After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
   red       : strawberries
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   GREEN     : PEARS
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   purple    : grapes
   black     : olives
   orange    : cantaloupe

After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:
   black     : olives
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   GREEN     : PEARS
   orange    : cantaloupe
   purple    : grapes
   red       : strawberries
   YELLOW    : LIMES

After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   red       : strawberries
   purple    : grapes
   orange    : cantaloupe
   GREEN     : PEARS
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   black     : olives

*/

open System
open System.Collections

type MyReverserClass() = 
    interface IComparer with
        member _.Compare(x, y) =
            // Calls CaseInsensitiveComparer.Compare with the parameters reversed.
            CaseInsensitiveComparer().Compare(y, x)

let printKeysAndValues (myKeys: string []) (myValues: string []) =
    for i = 0 to myKeys.Length - 1 do
        printfn $"   {myKeys[i],-10}: {myValues[i]}"
    printfn ""

// Creates and initializes a new Array and a new custom comparer.
let myKeys = [| "red"; "GREEN"; "YELLOW"; "BLUE"; "purple"; "black"; "orange" |]
let myValues = [| "strawberries"; "PEARS"; "LIMES"; "BERRIES"; "grapes"; "olives"; "cantaloupe" |]
let myComparer = MyReverserClass()

// Displays the values of the Array.
printfn "The Array initially contains the following values:"
printKeysAndValues myKeys myValues 

// Sorts a section of the Array using the default comparer.
Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues, 1, 3)
printfn "After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:" 
printKeysAndValues myKeys myValues

// Sorts a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues, 1, 3, myComparer)
printfn "After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:"
printKeysAndValues myKeys myValues

// Sorts the entire Array using the default comparer.
Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues)
printfn "After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:"
printKeysAndValues myKeys myValues

// Sorts the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues, myComparer)
printfn "After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:"
printKeysAndValues myKeys myValues


// This code produces the following output.
//     The Array initially contains the following values:
//        red       : strawberries
//        GREEN     : PEARS
//        YELLOW    : LIMES
//        BLUE      : BERRIES
//        purple    : grapes
//        black     : olives
//        orange    : cantaloupe
//     
//     After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:
//        red       : strawberries
//        BLUE      : BERRIES
//        GREEN     : PEARS
//        YELLOW    : LIMES
//        purple    : grapes
//        black     : olives
//        orange    : cantaloupe
//     
//     After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
//        red       : strawberries
//        YELLOW    : LIMES
//        GREEN     : PEARS
//        BLUE      : BERRIES
//        purple    : grapes
//        black     : olives
//        orange    : cantaloupe
//     
//     After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:
//        black     : olives
//        BLUE      : BERRIES
//        GREEN     : PEARS
//        orange    : cantaloupe
//        purple    : grapes
//        red       : strawberries
//        YELLOW    : LIMES
//     
//     After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
//        YELLOW    : LIMES
//        red       : strawberries
//        purple    : grapes
//        orange    : cantaloupe
//        GREEN     : PEARS
//        BLUE      : BERRIES
//        black     : olives

Imports System.Collections

Public Class SamplesArray

   Public Class myReverserClass
      Implements IComparer

      ' Calls CaseInsensitiveComparer.Compare with the parameters reversed.
      Function Compare(x As [Object], y As [Object]) As Integer _
         Implements IComparer.Compare
         Return New CaseInsensitiveComparer().Compare(y, x)
      End Function 'IComparer.Compare

   End Class


   Public Shared Sub Main()

      ' Creates and initializes a new Array and a new custom comparer.
      Dim myKeys As [String]() =  {"red", "GREEN", "YELLOW", "BLUE", "purple", "black", "orange"}
      Dim myValues As [String]() =  {"strawberries", "PEARS", "LIMES", "BERRIES", "grapes", "olives", "cantaloupe"}
      Dim myComparer = New myReverserClass()

      ' Displays the values of the Array.
      Console.WriteLine("The Array initially contains the following values:")
      PrintKeysAndValues(myKeys, myValues)

      ' Sorts a section of the Array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues, 1, 3)
      Console.WriteLine("After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:")
      PrintKeysAndValues(myKeys, myValues)

      ' Sorts a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues, 1, 3, myComparer)
      Console.WriteLine("After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:")
      PrintKeysAndValues(myKeys, myValues)

      ' Sorts the entire Array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues)
      Console.WriteLine("After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:")
      PrintKeysAndValues(myKeys, myValues)

      ' Sorts the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues, myComparer)
      Console.WriteLine("After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:")
      PrintKeysAndValues(myKeys, myValues)

   End Sub


   Public Shared Sub PrintKeysAndValues(myKeys() As [String], myValues() As [String])

      Dim i As Integer
      For i = 0 To myKeys.Length - 1
         Console.WriteLine("   {0,-10}: {1}", myKeys(i), myValues(i))
      Next i
      Console.WriteLine()

   End Sub

End Class


'This code produces the following output.
'
'The Array initially contains the following values:
'   red       : strawberries
'   GREEN     : PEARS
'   YELLOW    : LIMES
'   BLUE      : BERRIES
'   purple    : grapes
'   black     : olives
'   orange    : cantaloupe
'
'After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:
'   red       : strawberries
'   BLUE      : BERRIES
'   GREEN     : PEARS
'   YELLOW    : LIMES
'   purple    : grapes
'   black     : olives
'   orange    : cantaloupe
'
'After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
'   red       : strawberries
'   YELLOW    : LIMES
'   GREEN     : PEARS
'   BLUE      : BERRIES
'   purple    : grapes
'   black     : olives
'   orange    : cantaloupe
'
'After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:
'   black     : olives
'   BLUE      : BERRIES
'   GREEN     : PEARS
'   orange    : cantaloupe
'   purple    : grapes
'   red       : strawberries
'   YELLOW    : LIMES
'
'After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
'   YELLOW    : LIMES
'   red       : strawberries
'   purple    : grapes
'   orange    : cantaloupe
'   GREEN     : PEARS
'   BLUE      : BERRIES
'   black     : olives

備註

keys Array 中的每個索引鍵在 itemsArray中都有對應的專案。 當索引鍵在排序期間重新定位時，itemsArray 中的對應項目同樣會重新置放。 因此，itemsArray 會根據 keysArray中對應索引鍵的排列方式排序。

如果 comparer 是 null，則 keysArray 中指定專案範圍內的每個索引鍵都必須實作 IComparable 介面，才能與其他索引鍵進行比較。

如果項目超過索引鍵，您可以排序，但是沒有對應索引鍵的專案將不會排序。 如果索引鍵超過專案，則無法排序;這樣做會擲回 ArgumentException。

如果排序未順利完成，則結果為未定義。

.NET 包含下表所列的預先定義 IComparer 實作。

實現	描述
System.Collections.CaseInsensitiveComparer	比較任兩個物件，但會執行不區分大小寫的字串比較。
Comparer.Default	使用目前文化特性的排序慣例，比較任兩個物件。
Comparer.DefaultInvariant	使用不因文化特性的排序慣例，比較任兩個物件。
Comparer<T>.Default	使用類型的預設排序順序，比較類型 T 的兩個物件。

您也可以將您自己的 IComparer 實作實例提供給 comparer 參數，以支援自定義比較。 此範例會藉由定義可反轉預設排序順序並執行不區分大小寫字串比較的自定義 IComparer 實作來執行此動作。

此方法使用內省排序 （introsort） 演算法，如下所示：

• 如果分割區大小小於或等於16個專案，則會使用 插入排序 演算法。

• 如果分割區數目超過 2 * Log^N，其中 N 是輸入數位的範圍，則會使用 Heapsort 演算法。

• 否則，它會使用 Quicksort 演算法。

此實作會執行不穩定的排序;也就是說，如果兩個元素相等，則可能不會保留其順序。 相反地，穩定的排序會保留相等項目的順序。

這個方法是 O（n 記錄 n）作業，其中 nlength。

給呼叫者的注意事項

.NET Framework 4 和舊版只使用 Quicksort 演算法。 在排序作業擲回 IndexOutOfRangeException 例外狀況，並將 ArgumentException 例外狀況擲回給呼叫者的情況下，Quicksort 會識別無效的比較子。 從 .NET Framework 4.5 開始，先前擲回 ArgumentException 的排序作業可能不會擲回例外狀況，因為插入排序和堆積分類演算法不會偵測到無效的比較子。 在大部分情況下，這適用於小於或等於16個專案的陣列。

另請參閱

• IComparer
• IComparable
• BinarySearch
• 在陣列 中執行 Culture-Insensitive 字串作業

Sort(Array, Int32, Int32, IComparer)

來源:

Array.cs

使用指定的 IComparer，排序一維 Array 中元素範圍中的專案。

public:
 static void Sort(Array ^ array, int index, int length, System::Collections::IComparer ^ comparer);

public static void Sort (Array array, int index, int length, System.Collections.IComparer? comparer);

static member Sort : Array * int * int * System.Collections.IComparer -> unit

Public Shared Sub Sort (array As Array, index As Integer, length As Integer, comparer As IComparer)

參數

array

Array

要排序的一維 Array。

index

Int32

要排序之範圍的起始索引。

length

Int32

要排序之範圍中的項目數目。

comparer

IComparer

比較專案時要使用的 IComparer 實作。

-或-

null 使用每個專案的 IComparable 實作。

例外狀況

ArgumentNullException

array null。

RankException

array 是多維度。

ArgumentOutOfRangeException

index 小於 array的下限。

-或-

length 小於零。

ArgumentException

index 和 length 未在 array中指定有效的範圍。

-或-

comparer 的實作在排序期間造成錯誤。 例如，在比較專案與本身時，comparer 可能不會傳回 0。

InvalidOperationException

comparer 是 null，array 中的一或多個元素不會實作 IComparable 介面。

範例

下列程式代碼範例示範如何使用預設比較子和反轉排序順序的自定義比較子來排序 Array 中的值。 請注意，結果可能會因目前的 CultureInfo而有所不同。

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections;

public ref class ReverseComparer : IComparer
{
public:
   // Call CaseInsensitiveComparer::Compare with the parameters reversed.
   virtual int Compare(Object^ x, Object^ y) = IComparer::Compare
   {
      return ((gcnew CaseInsensitiveComparer)->Compare(y, x));
   }
};

void DisplayValues(array<String^>^ arr)
{
   for (int i = arr->GetLowerBound(0); i <= arr->GetUpperBound(0); i++)
      Console::WriteLine( "   [{0}] : {1}", i, arr[ i ] );

   Console::WriteLine();
}

int main()
{
   // Create and initialize a new array. and a new custom comparer.
   array<String^>^ words = { "The","QUICK","BROWN","FOX","jumps",
                             "over","the","lazy","dog" };
   // Instantiate the reverse comparer.
   IComparer^ revComparer = gcnew ReverseComparer();
   
   // Display the values of the Array.
   Console::WriteLine( "The original order of elements in the array:" );
   DisplayValues(words);

   // Sort a section of the array using the default comparer.
   Array::Sort(words, 1, 3);
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the default comparer:");
   DisplayValues(words);

   // Sort a section of the array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
   Array::Sort(words, 1, 3, revComparer);
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:");
   DisplayValues(words);

   // Sort the entire array using the default comparer.
   Array::Sort(words);
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting the entire array by using the default comparer:");
   DisplayValues(words);

   // Sort the entire array by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
   Array::Sort(words, revComparer);
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting the entire array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:");
   DisplayValues(words);
}

/* 
This code produces the following output.

The Array initially contains the following values:
   [0] : The
   [1] : QUICK
   [2] : BROWN
   [3] : FOX
   [4] : jumps
   [5] : over
   [6] : the
   [7] : lazy
   [8] : dog

After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:
   [0] : The
   [1] : BROWN
   [2] : FOX
   [3] : QUICK
   [4] : jumps
   [5] : over
   [6] : the
   [7] : lazy
   [8] : dog

After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
   [0] : The
   [1] : QUICK
   [2] : FOX
   [3] : BROWN
   [4] : jumps
   [5] : over
   [6] : the
   [7] : lazy
   [8] : dog

After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:
   [0] : BROWN
   [1] : dog
   [2] : FOX
   [3] : jumps
   [4] : lazy
   [5] : over
   [6] : QUICK
   [7] : the
   [8] : The

After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
   [0] : the
   [1] : The
   [2] : QUICK
   [3] : over
   [4] : lazy
   [5] : jumps
   [6] : FOX
   [7] : dog
   [8] : BROWN

*/

using System;
using System.Collections;

public class ReverseComparer : IComparer
{
   // Call CaseInsensitiveComparer.Compare with the parameters reversed.
   public int Compare(Object x, Object y)
   {
       return (new CaseInsensitiveComparer()).Compare(y, x );
   }
}

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      // Create and initialize a new array.
      String[] words = { "The", "QUICK", "BROWN", "FOX", "jumps",
                         "over", "the", "lazy", "dog" };
      // Instantiate the reverse comparer.
      IComparer revComparer = new ReverseComparer();

      // Display the values of the array.
      Console.WriteLine( "The original order of elements in the array:" );
      DisplayValues(words);

      // Sort a section of the array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort(words, 1, 3);
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the default comparer:");
      DisplayValues(words);

      // Sort a section of the array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort(words, 1, 3, revComparer);
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:");
      DisplayValues(words);

      // Sort the entire array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort(words);
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting the entire array by using the default comparer:");
      DisplayValues(words);

      // Sort the entire array by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort(words, revComparer);
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting the entire array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:");
      DisplayValues(words);
   }

   public static void DisplayValues(String[] arr)
   {
      for ( int i = arr.GetLowerBound(0); i <= arr.GetUpperBound(0);
            i++ )  {
         Console.WriteLine( "   [{0}] : {1}", i, arr[i] );
      }
      Console.WriteLine();
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//    The original order of elements in the array:
//       [0] : The
//       [1] : QUICK
//       [2] : BROWN
//       [3] : FOX
//       [4] : jumps
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : the
//       [7] : lazy
//       [8] : dog
//
//    After sorting elements 1-3 by using the default comparer:
//       [0] : The
//       [1] : BROWN
//       [2] : FOX
//       [3] : QUICK
//       [4] : jumps
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : the
//       [7] : lazy
//       [8] : dog
//
//    After sorting elements 1-3 by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
//       [0] : The
//       [1] : QUICK
//       [2] : FOX
//       [3] : BROWN
//       [4] : jumps
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : the
//       [7] : lazy
//       [8] : dog
//
//    After sorting the entire array by using the default comparer:
//       [0] : BROWN
//       [1] : dog
//       [2] : FOX
//       [3] : jumps
//       [4] : lazy
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : QUICK
//       [7] : the
//       [8] : The
//
//    After sorting the entire array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
//       [0] : the
//       [1] : The
//       [2] : QUICK
//       [3] : over
//       [4] : lazy
//       [5] : jumps
//       [6] : FOX
//       [7] : dog
//       [8] : BROWN

open System
open System.Collections

type ReverseComparer() =
    interface IComparer with
        member _.Compare(x, y) =
            // Call CaseInsensitiveComparer.Compare with the parameters reversed.
            CaseInsensitiveComparer().Compare(y, x)

let displayValues (arr: string []) = 
    for i = 0 to arr.Length - 1 do
        printfn $"   [{i}] : {arr[i]}"
    printfn ""

// Create and initialize a new array.
let words = 
    [| "The"; "QUICK"; "BROWN"; "FOX"; "jumps"
       "over"; "the"; "lazy"; "dog" |]

// Instantiate the reverse comparer.
let revComparer = ReverseComparer()

// Display the values of the array.
printfn "The original order of elements in the array:" 
displayValues words

// Sort a section of the array using the default comparer.
Array.Sort(words, 1, 3)
printfn "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the default comparer:"
displayValues words

// Sort a section of the array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
Array.Sort(words, 1, 3, revComparer)
printfn "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:"
displayValues words

// Sort the entire array using the default comparer.
Array.Sort words
printfn "After sorting the entire array by using the default comparer:"
displayValues words

// Sort the entire array by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
Array.Sort(words, revComparer)
printfn "After sorting the entire array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:"
displayValues words

// The example displays the following output:
//    The original order of elements in the array:
//       [0] : The
//       [1] : QUICK
//       [2] : BROWN
//       [3] : FOX
//       [4] : jumps
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : the
//       [7] : lazy
//       [8] : dog
//
//    After sorting elements 1-3 by using the default comparer:
//       [0] : The
//       [1] : BROWN
//       [2] : FOX
//       [3] : QUICK
//       [4] : jumps
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : the
//       [7] : lazy
//       [8] : dog
//
//    After sorting elements 1-3 by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
//       [0] : The
//       [1] : QUICK
//       [2] : FOX
//       [3] : BROWN
//       [4] : jumps
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : the
//       [7] : lazy
//       [8] : dog
//
//    After sorting the entire array by using the default comparer:
//       [0] : BROWN
//       [1] : dog
//       [2] : FOX
//       [3] : jumps
//       [4] : lazy
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : QUICK
//       [7] : the
//       [8] : The
//
//    After sorting the entire array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
//       [0] : the
//       [1] : The
//       [2] : QUICK
//       [3] : over
//       [4] : lazy
//       [5] : jumps
//       [6] : FOX
//       [7] : dog
//       [8] : BROWN

Imports System.Collections

Public Class ReverseComparer : Implements IComparer
   ' Call CaseInsensitiveComparer.Compare with the parameters reversed.
   Function Compare(x As Object, y As Object) As Integer _
            Implements IComparer.Compare
      Return New CaseInsensitiveComparer().Compare(y, x)
   End Function 
End Class

Public Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      ' Create and initialize a new array.
      Dim words() As String =  { "The", "QUICK", "BROWN", "FOX", "jumps", 
                                 "over", "the", "lazy", "dog" }
      ' Instantiate a new custom comparer.
      Dim revComparer As New ReverseComparer()

      ' Display the values of the array.
      Console.WriteLine( "The original order of elements in the array:" )
      DisplayValues(words)

      ' Sort a section of the array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort(words, 1, 3)
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the default comparer:")
      DisplayValues(words)

      ' Sort a section of the array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort(words, 1, 3, revComparer)
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:")
      DisplayValues(words)

      ' Sort the entire array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort(words)
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting the entire array by using the default comparer:")
      DisplayValues(words)

      ' Sort the entire array by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort(words, revComparer)
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting the entire array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:")
      DisplayValues(words)
   End Sub 

   Public Sub DisplayValues(arr() As String)
      For i As Integer = arr.GetLowerBound(0) To arr.GetUpperBound(0)
         Console.WriteLine("   [{0}] : {1}", i, arr(i))
      Next 
      Console.WriteLine()
   End Sub 
End Module 
' The example displays the following output:
'    The original order of elements in the array:
'       [0] : The
'       [1] : QUICK
'       [2] : BROWN
'       [3] : FOX
'       [4] : jumps
'       [5] : over
'       [6] : the
'       [7] : lazy
'       [8] : dog
'    
'    After sorting elements 1-3 by using the default comparer:
'       [0] : The
'       [1] : BROWN
'       [2] : FOX
'       [3] : QUICK
'       [4] : jumps
'       [5] : over
'       [6] : the
'       [7] : lazy
'       [8] : dog
'    
'    After sorting elements 1-3 by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
'       [0] : The
'       [1] : QUICK
'       [2] : FOX
'       [3] : BROWN
'       [4] : jumps
'       [5] : over
'       [6] : the
'       [7] : lazy
'       [8] : dog
'    
'    After sorting the entire array by using the default comparer:
'       [0] : BROWN
'       [1] : dog
'       [2] : FOX
'       [3] : jumps
'       [4] : lazy
'       [5] : over
'       [6] : QUICK
'       [7] : the
'       [8] : The
'    
'    After sorting the entire array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
'       [0] : the
'       [1] : The
'       [2] : QUICK
'       [3] : over
'       [4] : lazy
'       [5] : jumps
'       [6] : FOX
'       [7] : dog
'       [8] : BROWN

備註

如果 comparer 是 null，則 array 中指定專案範圍內的每個元素都必須實作 IComparable 介面，才能與 array中的其他項目進行比較。

如果排序未順利完成，則結果為未定義。

.NET 包含下表所列的預先定義 IComparer 實作。

實現	描述
System.Collections.CaseInsensitiveComparer	比較任兩個物件，但會執行不區分大小寫的字串比較。
Comparer.Default	使用目前文化特性的排序慣例，比較任兩個物件。
Comparer.DefaultInvariant	使用不因文化特性的排序慣例，比較任兩個物件。
Comparer<T>.Default	使用類型的預設排序順序，比較類型 T 的兩個物件。

您也可以將您自己的 IComparer 實作實例提供給 comparer 參數，以支援自定義比較。 此範例會定義 ReverseComparer 類別，以反轉類型實例的預設排序順序，並執行不區分大小寫的字串比較。

此方法使用內省排序 （introsort） 演算法，如下所示：

• 如果分割區大小小於或等於16個專案，則會使用 插入排序 演算法。

• 如果分割區數目超過 2 * Log^N，其中 N 是輸入數位的範圍，則會使用 Heapsort 演算法。

• 否則，它會使用 Quicksort 演算法。

此實作會執行不穩定的排序;也就是說，如果兩個元素相等，則可能不會保留其順序。 相反地，穩定的排序會保留相等項目的順序。

這個方法是 O（n 記錄 n）作業，其中 nlength。

給呼叫者的注意事項

.NET Framework 4 和舊版只使用 Quicksort 演算法。 在排序作業擲回 IndexOutOfRangeException 例外狀況，並將 ArgumentException 例外狀況擲回給呼叫者的情況下，Quicksort 會識別無效的比較子。 從 .NET Framework 4.5 開始，先前擲回 ArgumentException 的排序作業可能不會擲回例外狀況，因為插入排序和堆積分類演算法不會偵測到無效的比較子。 在大部分情況下，這適用於小於或等於16個專案的陣列。

另請參閱

• IComparer
• IComparable
• BinarySearch
• 在陣列 中執行 Culture-Insensitive 字串作業

Sort(Array, Array, Int32, Int32)

來源:

Array.cs

根據 Array 使用每個索引鍵的 IComparable 實作，排序一對一維 Array 物件中的元素範圍（一個包含索引鍵，另一個物件包含對應的專案）。

public:
 static void Sort(Array ^ keys, Array ^ items, int index, int length);

public static void Sort (Array keys, Array? items, int index, int length);

static member Sort : Array * Array * int * int -> unit

Public Shared Sub Sort (keys As Array, items As Array, index As Integer, length As Integer)

參數

keys

Array

包含要排序之索引鍵的一維 Array。

items

Array

一維 Array，其中包含對應至 keysArray中每個索引鍵的專案。

-或-

null 只排序 keysArray。

index

Int32

要排序之範圍的起始索引。

length

Int32

要排序之範圍中的項目數目。

例外狀況

ArgumentNullException

keys null。

RankException

keys Array 是多維度。

-或-

items Array 是多維度。

ArgumentOutOfRangeException

index 小於 keys的下限。

-或-

length 小於零。

ArgumentException

items 不是 null，而且 keys 長度大於 items長度。

-或-

index 和 length 未在 keysArray中指定有效的範圍。

-或-

items 不是 null，index 和 length 未在 itemsArray中指定有效的範圍。

InvalidOperationException

keys Array 中的一或多個元素不會實作 IComparable 介面。

範例

下列程式代碼範例示範如何排序兩個相關聯的陣列，其中第一個數位含索引鍵，而第二個陣列包含值。 排序是使用預設比較子，以及反轉排序順序的自定義比較子來完成。 請注意，結果可能會因目前的 CultureInfo而有所不同。

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections;

public ref class myReverserClass: public IComparer
{
private:

   // Calls CaseInsensitiveComparer::Compare with the parameters reversed.
   virtual int Compare( Object^ x, Object^ y ) = IComparer::Compare
   {
      return ((gcnew CaseInsensitiveComparer)->Compare( y, x ));
   }
};

void PrintKeysAndValues( array<String^>^myKeys, array<String^>^myValues )
{
   for ( int i = 0; i < myKeys->Length; i++ )
   {
      Console::WriteLine( " {0, -10}: {1}", myKeys[ i ], myValues[ i ] );
   }
   Console::WriteLine();
}

int main()
{
   // Creates and initializes a new Array and a new custom comparer.
   array<String^>^myKeys = {"red","GREEN","YELLOW","BLUE","purple","black","orange"};
   array<String^>^myValues = {"strawberries","PEARS","LIMES","BERRIES","grapes","olives","cantaloupe"};
   IComparer^ myComparer = gcnew myReverserClass;

   // Displays the values of the Array.
   Console::WriteLine( "The Array initially contains the following values:" );
   PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );

   // Sorts a section of the Array using the default comparer.
   Array::Sort( myKeys, myValues, 1, 3 );
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:" );

   // Sorts a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
   Array::Sort( myKeys, myValues, 1, 3, myComparer );
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:" );
   PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );

   // Sorts the entire Array using the default comparer.
   Array::Sort( myKeys, myValues );
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:" );
   PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );

   // Sorts the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
   Array::Sort( myKeys, myValues, myComparer );
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:" );
   PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );
}

/* 
This code produces the following output.

The Array initially contains the following values:
   red       : strawberries
   GREEN     : PEARS
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   purple    : grapes
   black     : olives
   orange    : cantaloupe

After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:
   red       : strawberries
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   GREEN     : PEARS
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   purple    : grapes
   black     : olives
   orange    : cantaloupe

After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
   red       : strawberries
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   GREEN     : PEARS
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   purple    : grapes
   black     : olives
   orange    : cantaloupe

After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:
   black     : olives
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   GREEN     : PEARS
   orange    : cantaloupe
   purple    : grapes
   red       : strawberries
   YELLOW    : LIMES

After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   red       : strawberries
   purple    : grapes
   orange    : cantaloupe
   GREEN     : PEARS
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   black     : olives

*/

using System;
using System.Collections;

public class SamplesArray  {

   public class myReverserClass : IComparer  {

      // Calls CaseInsensitiveComparer.Compare with the parameters reversed.
      int IComparer.Compare( Object x, Object y )  {
          return( (new CaseInsensitiveComparer()).Compare( y, x ) );
      }
   }

   public static void Main()  {

      // Creates and initializes a new Array and a new custom comparer.
      String[] myKeys = { "red", "GREEN", "YELLOW", "BLUE", "purple", "black", "orange" };
      String[] myValues = { "strawberries", "PEARS", "LIMES", "BERRIES", "grapes", "olives", "cantaloupe" };
      IComparer myComparer = new myReverserClass();

      // Displays the values of the Array.
      Console.WriteLine( "The Array initially contains the following values:" );
      PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );

      // Sorts a section of the Array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort( myKeys, myValues, 1, 3 );
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:" );
      PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );

      // Sorts a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort( myKeys, myValues, 1, 3, myComparer );
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:" );
      PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );

      // Sorts the entire Array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort( myKeys, myValues );
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:" );
      PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );

      // Sorts the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort( myKeys, myValues, myComparer );
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:" );
      PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );
   }

   public static void PrintKeysAndValues( String[] myKeys, String[] myValues )  {
      for ( int i = 0; i < myKeys.Length; i++ )  {
         Console.WriteLine( "   {0,-10}: {1}", myKeys[i], myValues[i] );
      }
      Console.WriteLine();
   }
}


/*
This code produces the following output.

The Array initially contains the following values:
   red       : strawberries
   GREEN     : PEARS
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   purple    : grapes
   black     : olives
   orange    : cantaloupe

After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:
   red       : strawberries
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   GREEN     : PEARS
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   purple    : grapes
   black     : olives
   orange    : cantaloupe

After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
   red       : strawberries
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   GREEN     : PEARS
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   purple    : grapes
   black     : olives
   orange    : cantaloupe

After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:
   black     : olives
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   GREEN     : PEARS
   orange    : cantaloupe
   purple    : grapes
   red       : strawberries
   YELLOW    : LIMES

After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   red       : strawberries
   purple    : grapes
   orange    : cantaloupe
   GREEN     : PEARS
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   black     : olives

*/

open System
open System.Collections

type MyReverserClass() = 
    interface IComparer with
        member _.Compare(x, y) =
            // Calls CaseInsensitiveComparer.Compare with the parameters reversed.
            CaseInsensitiveComparer().Compare(y, x)

let printKeysAndValues (myKeys: string []) (myValues: string []) =
    for i = 0 to myKeys.Length - 1 do
        printfn $"   {myKeys[i],-10}: {myValues[i]}"
    printfn ""

// Creates and initializes a new Array and a new custom comparer.
let myKeys = [| "red"; "GREEN"; "YELLOW"; "BLUE"; "purple"; "black"; "orange" |]
let myValues = [| "strawberries"; "PEARS"; "LIMES"; "BERRIES"; "grapes"; "olives"; "cantaloupe" |]
let myComparer = MyReverserClass()

// Displays the values of the Array.
printfn "The Array initially contains the following values:"
printKeysAndValues myKeys myValues 

// Sorts a section of the Array using the default comparer.
Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues, 1, 3)
printfn "After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:" 
printKeysAndValues myKeys myValues

// Sorts a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues, 1, 3, myComparer)
printfn "After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:"
printKeysAndValues myKeys myValues

// Sorts the entire Array using the default comparer.
Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues)
printfn "After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:"
printKeysAndValues myKeys myValues

// Sorts the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues, myComparer)
printfn "After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:"
printKeysAndValues myKeys myValues


// This code produces the following output.
//     The Array initially contains the following values:
//        red       : strawberries
//        GREEN     : PEARS
//        YELLOW    : LIMES
//        BLUE      : BERRIES
//        purple    : grapes
//        black     : olives
//        orange    : cantaloupe
//     
//     After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:
//        red       : strawberries
//        BLUE      : BERRIES
//        GREEN     : PEARS
//        YELLOW    : LIMES
//        purple    : grapes
//        black     : olives
//        orange    : cantaloupe
//     
//     After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
//        red       : strawberries
//        YELLOW    : LIMES
//        GREEN     : PEARS
//        BLUE      : BERRIES
//        purple    : grapes
//        black     : olives
//        orange    : cantaloupe
//     
//     After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:
//        black     : olives
//        BLUE      : BERRIES
//        GREEN     : PEARS
//        orange    : cantaloupe
//        purple    : grapes
//        red       : strawberries
//        YELLOW    : LIMES
//     
//     After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
//        YELLOW    : LIMES
//        red       : strawberries
//        purple    : grapes
//        orange    : cantaloupe
//        GREEN     : PEARS
//        BLUE      : BERRIES
//        black     : olives

Imports System.Collections

Public Class SamplesArray

   Public Class myReverserClass
      Implements IComparer

      ' Calls CaseInsensitiveComparer.Compare with the parameters reversed.
      Function Compare(x As [Object], y As [Object]) As Integer _
         Implements IComparer.Compare
         Return New CaseInsensitiveComparer().Compare(y, x)
      End Function 'IComparer.Compare

   End Class


   Public Shared Sub Main()

      ' Creates and initializes a new Array and a new custom comparer.
      Dim myKeys As [String]() =  {"red", "GREEN", "YELLOW", "BLUE", "purple", "black", "orange"}
      Dim myValues As [String]() =  {"strawberries", "PEARS", "LIMES", "BERRIES", "grapes", "olives", "cantaloupe"}
      Dim myComparer = New myReverserClass()

      ' Displays the values of the Array.
      Console.WriteLine("The Array initially contains the following values:")
      PrintKeysAndValues(myKeys, myValues)

      ' Sorts a section of the Array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues, 1, 3)
      Console.WriteLine("After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:")
      PrintKeysAndValues(myKeys, myValues)

      ' Sorts a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues, 1, 3, myComparer)
      Console.WriteLine("After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:")
      PrintKeysAndValues(myKeys, myValues)

      ' Sorts the entire Array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues)
      Console.WriteLine("After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:")
      PrintKeysAndValues(myKeys, myValues)

      ' Sorts the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues, myComparer)
      Console.WriteLine("After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:")
      PrintKeysAndValues(myKeys, myValues)

   End Sub


   Public Shared Sub PrintKeysAndValues(myKeys() As [String], myValues() As [String])

      Dim i As Integer
      For i = 0 To myKeys.Length - 1
         Console.WriteLine("   {0,-10}: {1}", myKeys(i), myValues(i))
      Next i
      Console.WriteLine()

   End Sub

End Class


'This code produces the following output.
'
'The Array initially contains the following values:
'   red       : strawberries
'   GREEN     : PEARS
'   YELLOW    : LIMES
'   BLUE      : BERRIES
'   purple    : grapes
'   black     : olives
'   orange    : cantaloupe
'
'After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:
'   red       : strawberries
'   BLUE      : BERRIES
'   GREEN     : PEARS
'   YELLOW    : LIMES
'   purple    : grapes
'   black     : olives
'   orange    : cantaloupe
'
'After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
'   red       : strawberries
'   YELLOW    : LIMES
'   GREEN     : PEARS
'   BLUE      : BERRIES
'   purple    : grapes
'   black     : olives
'   orange    : cantaloupe
'
'After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:
'   black     : olives
'   BLUE      : BERRIES
'   GREEN     : PEARS
'   orange    : cantaloupe
'   purple    : grapes
'   red       : strawberries
'   YELLOW    : LIMES
'
'After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
'   YELLOW    : LIMES
'   red       : strawberries
'   purple    : grapes
'   orange    : cantaloupe
'   GREEN     : PEARS
'   BLUE      : BERRIES
'   black     : olives

備註

keys Array 中的每個索引鍵在 itemsArray中都有對應的專案。 當索引鍵在排序期間重新定位時，itemsArray 中的對應項目同樣會重新置放。 因此，itemsArray 會根據 keysArray中對應索引鍵的排列方式排序。

keys Array 中指定專案範圍內的每個索引鍵都必須實作 IComparable 介面，才能與其他每個索引鍵進行比較。

如果項目超過索引鍵，您可以排序，但是沒有對應索引鍵的專案將不會排序。 如果索引鍵超過專案，則無法排序;這樣做會擲回 ArgumentException。

如果排序未順利完成，則結果為未定義。

此方法使用內省排序 （introsort） 演算法，如下所示：

• 如果分割區大小小於或等於16個專案，則會使用 插入排序 演算法。

• 如果分割區數目超過 2 * Log^N，其中 N 是輸入數位的範圍，則會使用 Heapsort 演算法。

• 否則，它會使用 Quicksort 演算法。

此實作會執行不穩定的排序;也就是說，如果兩個元素相等，則可能不會保留其順序。 相反地，穩定的排序會保留相等項目的順序。

這個方法是 O（n 記錄 n）作業，其中 nlength。

另請參閱

• IComparable
• BinarySearch
• 在陣列 中執行 Culture-Insensitive 字串作業

Sort(Array, Int32, Int32)

來源:

Array.cs

使用 Array中每個專案的 IComparable 實作，排序一維 Array 中元素範圍中的專案。

public:
 static void Sort(Array ^ array, int index, int length);

public static void Sort (Array array, int index, int length);

static member Sort : Array * int * int -> unit

Public Shared Sub Sort (array As Array, index As Integer, length As Integer)

參數

array

Array

要排序的一維 Array。

index

Int32

要排序之範圍的起始索引。

length

Int32

要排序之範圍中的項目數目。

例外狀況

ArgumentNullException

array null。

RankException

array 是多維度。

ArgumentOutOfRangeException

index 小於 array的下限。

-或-

length 小於零。

ArgumentException

index 和 length 未在 array中指定有效的範圍。

InvalidOperationException

array 中的一或多個元素不會實作 IComparable 介面。

範例

下列程式代碼範例示範如何使用預設比較子和反轉排序順序的自定義比較子來排序 Array 中的值。 請注意，結果可能會因目前的 CultureInfo而有所不同。

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections;

public ref class ReverseComparer : IComparer
{
public:
   // Call CaseInsensitiveComparer::Compare with the parameters reversed.
   virtual int Compare(Object^ x, Object^ y) = IComparer::Compare
   {
      return ((gcnew CaseInsensitiveComparer)->Compare(y, x));
   }
};

void DisplayValues(array<String^>^ arr)
{
   for (int i = arr->GetLowerBound(0); i <= arr->GetUpperBound(0); i++)
      Console::WriteLine( "   [{0}] : {1}", i, arr[ i ] );

   Console::WriteLine();
}

int main()
{
   // Create and initialize a new array. and a new custom comparer.
   array<String^>^ words = { "The","QUICK","BROWN","FOX","jumps",
                             "over","the","lazy","dog" };
   // Instantiate the reverse comparer.
   IComparer^ revComparer = gcnew ReverseComparer();
   
   // Display the values of the Array.
   Console::WriteLine( "The original order of elements in the array:" );
   DisplayValues(words);

   // Sort a section of the array using the default comparer.
   Array::Sort(words, 1, 3);
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the default comparer:");
   DisplayValues(words);

   // Sort a section of the array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
   Array::Sort(words, 1, 3, revComparer);
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:");
   DisplayValues(words);

   // Sort the entire array using the default comparer.
   Array::Sort(words);
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting the entire array by using the default comparer:");
   DisplayValues(words);

   // Sort the entire array by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
   Array::Sort(words, revComparer);
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting the entire array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:");
   DisplayValues(words);
}

/* 
This code produces the following output.

The Array initially contains the following values:
   [0] : The
   [1] : QUICK
   [2] : BROWN
   [3] : FOX
   [4] : jumps
   [5] : over
   [6] : the
   [7] : lazy
   [8] : dog

After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:
   [0] : The
   [1] : BROWN
   [2] : FOX
   [3] : QUICK
   [4] : jumps
   [5] : over
   [6] : the
   [7] : lazy
   [8] : dog

After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
   [0] : The
   [1] : QUICK
   [2] : FOX
   [3] : BROWN
   [4] : jumps
   [5] : over
   [6] : the
   [7] : lazy
   [8] : dog

After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:
   [0] : BROWN
   [1] : dog
   [2] : FOX
   [3] : jumps
   [4] : lazy
   [5] : over
   [6] : QUICK
   [7] : the
   [8] : The

After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
   [0] : the
   [1] : The
   [2] : QUICK
   [3] : over
   [4] : lazy
   [5] : jumps
   [6] : FOX
   [7] : dog
   [8] : BROWN

*/

using System;
using System.Collections;

public class ReverseComparer : IComparer
{
   // Call CaseInsensitiveComparer.Compare with the parameters reversed.
   public int Compare(Object x, Object y)
   {
       return (new CaseInsensitiveComparer()).Compare(y, x );
   }
}

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      // Create and initialize a new array.
      String[] words = { "The", "QUICK", "BROWN", "FOX", "jumps",
                         "over", "the", "lazy", "dog" };
      // Instantiate the reverse comparer.
      IComparer revComparer = new ReverseComparer();

      // Display the values of the array.
      Console.WriteLine( "The original order of elements in the array:" );
      DisplayValues(words);

      // Sort a section of the array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort(words, 1, 3);
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the default comparer:");
      DisplayValues(words);

      // Sort a section of the array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort(words, 1, 3, revComparer);
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:");
      DisplayValues(words);

      // Sort the entire array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort(words);
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting the entire array by using the default comparer:");
      DisplayValues(words);

      // Sort the entire array by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort(words, revComparer);
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting the entire array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:");
      DisplayValues(words);
   }

   public static void DisplayValues(String[] arr)
   {
      for ( int i = arr.GetLowerBound(0); i <= arr.GetUpperBound(0);
            i++ )  {
         Console.WriteLine( "   [{0}] : {1}", i, arr[i] );
      }
      Console.WriteLine();
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//    The original order of elements in the array:
//       [0] : The
//       [1] : QUICK
//       [2] : BROWN
//       [3] : FOX
//       [4] : jumps
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : the
//       [7] : lazy
//       [8] : dog
//
//    After sorting elements 1-3 by using the default comparer:
//       [0] : The
//       [1] : BROWN
//       [2] : FOX
//       [3] : QUICK
//       [4] : jumps
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : the
//       [7] : lazy
//       [8] : dog
//
//    After sorting elements 1-3 by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
//       [0] : The
//       [1] : QUICK
//       [2] : FOX
//       [3] : BROWN
//       [4] : jumps
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : the
//       [7] : lazy
//       [8] : dog
//
//    After sorting the entire array by using the default comparer:
//       [0] : BROWN
//       [1] : dog
//       [2] : FOX
//       [3] : jumps
//       [4] : lazy
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : QUICK
//       [7] : the
//       [8] : The
//
//    After sorting the entire array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
//       [0] : the
//       [1] : The
//       [2] : QUICK
//       [3] : over
//       [4] : lazy
//       [5] : jumps
//       [6] : FOX
//       [7] : dog
//       [8] : BROWN

open System
open System.Collections

type ReverseComparer() =
    interface IComparer with
        member _.Compare(x, y) =
            // Call CaseInsensitiveComparer.Compare with the parameters reversed.
            CaseInsensitiveComparer().Compare(y, x)

let displayValues (arr: string []) = 
    for i = 0 to arr.Length - 1 do
        printfn $"   [{i}] : {arr[i]}"
    printfn ""

// Create and initialize a new array.
let words = 
    [| "The"; "QUICK"; "BROWN"; "FOX"; "jumps"
       "over"; "the"; "lazy"; "dog" |]

// Instantiate the reverse comparer.
let revComparer = ReverseComparer()

// Display the values of the array.
printfn "The original order of elements in the array:" 
displayValues words

// Sort a section of the array using the default comparer.
Array.Sort(words, 1, 3)
printfn "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the default comparer:"
displayValues words

// Sort a section of the array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
Array.Sort(words, 1, 3, revComparer)
printfn "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:"
displayValues words

// Sort the entire array using the default comparer.
Array.Sort words
printfn "After sorting the entire array by using the default comparer:"
displayValues words

// Sort the entire array by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
Array.Sort(words, revComparer)
printfn "After sorting the entire array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:"
displayValues words

// The example displays the following output:
//    The original order of elements in the array:
//       [0] : The
//       [1] : QUICK
//       [2] : BROWN
//       [3] : FOX
//       [4] : jumps
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : the
//       [7] : lazy
//       [8] : dog
//
//    After sorting elements 1-3 by using the default comparer:
//       [0] : The
//       [1] : BROWN
//       [2] : FOX
//       [3] : QUICK
//       [4] : jumps
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : the
//       [7] : lazy
//       [8] : dog
//
//    After sorting elements 1-3 by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
//       [0] : The
//       [1] : QUICK
//       [2] : FOX
//       [3] : BROWN
//       [4] : jumps
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : the
//       [7] : lazy
//       [8] : dog
//
//    After sorting the entire array by using the default comparer:
//       [0] : BROWN
//       [1] : dog
//       [2] : FOX
//       [3] : jumps
//       [4] : lazy
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : QUICK
//       [7] : the
//       [8] : The
//
//    After sorting the entire array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
//       [0] : the
//       [1] : The
//       [2] : QUICK
//       [3] : over
//       [4] : lazy
//       [5] : jumps
//       [6] : FOX
//       [7] : dog
//       [8] : BROWN

Imports System.Collections

Public Class ReverseComparer : Implements IComparer
   ' Call CaseInsensitiveComparer.Compare with the parameters reversed.
   Function Compare(x As Object, y As Object) As Integer _
            Implements IComparer.Compare
      Return New CaseInsensitiveComparer().Compare(y, x)
   End Function 
End Class

Public Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      ' Create and initialize a new array.
      Dim words() As String =  { "The", "QUICK", "BROWN", "FOX", "jumps", 
                                 "over", "the", "lazy", "dog" }
      ' Instantiate a new custom comparer.
      Dim revComparer As New ReverseComparer()

      ' Display the values of the array.
      Console.WriteLine( "The original order of elements in the array:" )
      DisplayValues(words)

      ' Sort a section of the array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort(words, 1, 3)
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the default comparer:")
      DisplayValues(words)

      ' Sort a section of the array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort(words, 1, 3, revComparer)
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:")
      DisplayValues(words)

      ' Sort the entire array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort(words)
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting the entire array by using the default comparer:")
      DisplayValues(words)

      ' Sort the entire array by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort(words, revComparer)
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting the entire array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:")
      DisplayValues(words)
   End Sub 

   Public Sub DisplayValues(arr() As String)
      For i As Integer = arr.GetLowerBound(0) To arr.GetUpperBound(0)
         Console.WriteLine("   [{0}] : {1}", i, arr(i))
      Next 
      Console.WriteLine()
   End Sub 
End Module 
' The example displays the following output:
'    The original order of elements in the array:
'       [0] : The
'       [1] : QUICK
'       [2] : BROWN
'       [3] : FOX
'       [4] : jumps
'       [5] : over
'       [6] : the
'       [7] : lazy
'       [8] : dog
'    
'    After sorting elements 1-3 by using the default comparer:
'       [0] : The
'       [1] : BROWN
'       [2] : FOX
'       [3] : QUICK
'       [4] : jumps
'       [5] : over
'       [6] : the
'       [7] : lazy
'       [8] : dog
'    
'    After sorting elements 1-3 by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
'       [0] : The
'       [1] : QUICK
'       [2] : FOX
'       [3] : BROWN
'       [4] : jumps
'       [5] : over
'       [6] : the
'       [7] : lazy
'       [8] : dog
'    
'    After sorting the entire array by using the default comparer:
'       [0] : BROWN
'       [1] : dog
'       [2] : FOX
'       [3] : jumps
'       [4] : lazy
'       [5] : over
'       [6] : QUICK
'       [7] : the
'       [8] : The
'    
'    After sorting the entire array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
'       [0] : the
'       [1] : The
'       [2] : QUICK
'       [3] : over
'       [4] : lazy
'       [5] : jumps
'       [6] : FOX
'       [7] : dog
'       [8] : BROWN

備註

array 中指定專案範圍內的每個專案都必須實作 IComparable 介面，才能與 array中所有其他元素進行比較。

如果排序未順利完成，則結果為未定義。

此方法使用內省排序 （introsort） 演算法，如下所示：

• 如果分割區大小小於或等於16個專案，則會使用 插入排序 演算法。

• 如果分割區數目超過 2 * Log^N，其中 N 是輸入數位的範圍，則會使用 Heapsort 演算法。

• 否則，它會使用 Quicksort 演算法。

此實作會執行不穩定的排序;也就是說，如果兩個元素相等，則可能不會保留其順序。 相反地，穩定的排序會保留相等項目的順序。

這個方法是 O（n 記錄 n）作業，其中 nlength。

另請參閱

• IComparable
• BinarySearch
• 在陣列 中執行 Culture-Insensitive 字串作業

Sort(Array, Array, IComparer)

來源:

Array.cs

根據使用指定的 IComparer，根據第一個 Array 中的索引鍵，排序一維 Array 物件（一個包含索引鍵，另一個物件包含對應的專案）。

public:
 static void Sort(Array ^ keys, Array ^ items, System::Collections::IComparer ^ comparer);

public static void Sort (Array keys, Array? items, System.Collections.IComparer? comparer);

static member Sort : Array * Array * System.Collections.IComparer -> unit

Public Shared Sub Sort (keys As Array, items As Array, comparer As IComparer)

參數

keys

Array

包含要排序之索引鍵的一維 Array。

items

Array

一維 Array，其中包含對應至 keysArray中每個索引鍵的專案。

-或-

null 只排序 keysArray。

comparer

IComparer

比較專案時要使用的 IComparer 實作。

-或-

null 使用每個專案的 IComparable 實作。

例外狀況

ArgumentNullException

keys null。

RankException

keys Array 是多維度。

-或-

items Array 是多維度。

ArgumentException

items 不是 null，而且 keys 長度大於 items長度。

-或-

comparer 的實作在排序期間造成錯誤。 例如，在比較專案與本身時，comparer 可能不會傳回 0。

InvalidOperationException

comparer 是 null，而且 keysArray 中的一或多個元素不會實作 IComparable 介面。

範例

下列範例示範如何排序兩個相關聯的陣列，其中第一個陣列包含索引鍵，而第二個陣列包含值。 排序是使用預設比較子，以及反轉排序順序的自定義比較子來完成。 請注意，結果可能會因目前的 CultureInfo而有所不同。

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections;

public ref class myReverserClass: public IComparer
{
private:

   // Calls CaseInsensitiveComparer::Compare with the parameters reversed.
   virtual int Compare( Object^ x, Object^ y ) = IComparer::Compare
   {
      return ((gcnew CaseInsensitiveComparer)->Compare( y, x ));
   }
};

void PrintKeysAndValues( array<String^>^myKeys, array<String^>^myValues )
{
   for ( int i = 0; i < myKeys->Length; i++ )
   {
      Console::WriteLine( " {0, -10}: {1}", myKeys[ i ], myValues[ i ] );
   }
   Console::WriteLine();
}

int main()
{
   // Creates and initializes a new Array and a new custom comparer.
   array<String^>^myKeys = {"red","GREEN","YELLOW","BLUE","purple","black","orange"};
   array<String^>^myValues = {"strawberries","PEARS","LIMES","BERRIES","grapes","olives","cantaloupe"};
   IComparer^ myComparer = gcnew myReverserClass;

   // Displays the values of the Array.
   Console::WriteLine( "The Array initially contains the following values:" );
   PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );

   // Sorts a section of the Array using the default comparer.
   Array::Sort( myKeys, myValues, 1, 3 );
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:" );

   // Sorts a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
   Array::Sort( myKeys, myValues, 1, 3, myComparer );
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:" );
   PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );

   // Sorts the entire Array using the default comparer.
   Array::Sort( myKeys, myValues );
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:" );
   PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );

   // Sorts the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
   Array::Sort( myKeys, myValues, myComparer );
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:" );
   PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );
}

/* 
This code produces the following output.

The Array initially contains the following values:
   red       : strawberries
   GREEN     : PEARS
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   purple    : grapes
   black     : olives
   orange    : cantaloupe

After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:
   red       : strawberries
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   GREEN     : PEARS
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   purple    : grapes
   black     : olives
   orange    : cantaloupe

After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
   red       : strawberries
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   GREEN     : PEARS
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   purple    : grapes
   black     : olives
   orange    : cantaloupe

After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:
   black     : olives
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   GREEN     : PEARS
   orange    : cantaloupe
   purple    : grapes
   red       : strawberries
   YELLOW    : LIMES

After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   red       : strawberries
   purple    : grapes
   orange    : cantaloupe
   GREEN     : PEARS
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   black     : olives

*/

using System;
using System.Collections;

public class SamplesArray  {

   public class myReverserClass : IComparer  {

      // Calls CaseInsensitiveComparer.Compare with the parameters reversed.
      int IComparer.Compare( Object x, Object y )  {
          return( (new CaseInsensitiveComparer()).Compare( y, x ) );
      }
   }

   public static void Main()  {

      // Creates and initializes a new Array and a new custom comparer.
      String[] myKeys = { "red", "GREEN", "YELLOW", "BLUE", "purple", "black", "orange" };
      String[] myValues = { "strawberries", "PEARS", "LIMES", "BERRIES", "grapes", "olives", "cantaloupe" };
      IComparer myComparer = new myReverserClass();

      // Displays the values of the Array.
      Console.WriteLine( "The Array initially contains the following values:" );
      PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );

      // Sorts a section of the Array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort( myKeys, myValues, 1, 3 );
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:" );
      PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );

      // Sorts a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort( myKeys, myValues, 1, 3, myComparer );
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:" );
      PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );

      // Sorts the entire Array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort( myKeys, myValues );
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:" );
      PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );

      // Sorts the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort( myKeys, myValues, myComparer );
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:" );
      PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );
   }

   public static void PrintKeysAndValues( String[] myKeys, String[] myValues )  {
      for ( int i = 0; i < myKeys.Length; i++ )  {
         Console.WriteLine( "   {0,-10}: {1}", myKeys[i], myValues[i] );
      }
      Console.WriteLine();
   }
}


/*
This code produces the following output.

The Array initially contains the following values:
   red       : strawberries
   GREEN     : PEARS
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   purple    : grapes
   black     : olives
   orange    : cantaloupe

After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:
   red       : strawberries
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   GREEN     : PEARS
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   purple    : grapes
   black     : olives
   orange    : cantaloupe

After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
   red       : strawberries
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   GREEN     : PEARS
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   purple    : grapes
   black     : olives
   orange    : cantaloupe

After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:
   black     : olives
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   GREEN     : PEARS
   orange    : cantaloupe
   purple    : grapes
   red       : strawberries
   YELLOW    : LIMES

After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   red       : strawberries
   purple    : grapes
   orange    : cantaloupe
   GREEN     : PEARS
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   black     : olives

*/

open System
open System.Collections

type MyReverserClass() = 
    interface IComparer with
        member _.Compare(x, y) =
            // Calls CaseInsensitiveComparer.Compare with the parameters reversed.
            CaseInsensitiveComparer().Compare(y, x)

let printKeysAndValues (myKeys: string []) (myValues: string []) =
    for i = 0 to myKeys.Length - 1 do
        printfn $"   {myKeys[i],-10}: {myValues[i]}"
    printfn ""

// Creates and initializes a new Array and a new custom comparer.
let myKeys = [| "red"; "GREEN"; "YELLOW"; "BLUE"; "purple"; "black"; "orange" |]
let myValues = [| "strawberries"; "PEARS"; "LIMES"; "BERRIES"; "grapes"; "olives"; "cantaloupe" |]
let myComparer = MyReverserClass()

// Displays the values of the Array.
printfn "The Array initially contains the following values:"
printKeysAndValues myKeys myValues 

// Sorts a section of the Array using the default comparer.
Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues, 1, 3)
printfn "After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:" 
printKeysAndValues myKeys myValues

// Sorts a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues, 1, 3, myComparer)
printfn "After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:"
printKeysAndValues myKeys myValues

// Sorts the entire Array using the default comparer.
Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues)
printfn "After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:"
printKeysAndValues myKeys myValues

// Sorts the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues, myComparer)
printfn "After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:"
printKeysAndValues myKeys myValues


// This code produces the following output.
//     The Array initially contains the following values:
//        red       : strawberries
//        GREEN     : PEARS
//        YELLOW    : LIMES
//        BLUE      : BERRIES
//        purple    : grapes
//        black     : olives
//        orange    : cantaloupe
//     
//     After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:
//        red       : strawberries
//        BLUE      : BERRIES
//        GREEN     : PEARS
//        YELLOW    : LIMES
//        purple    : grapes
//        black     : olives
//        orange    : cantaloupe
//     
//     After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
//        red       : strawberries
//        YELLOW    : LIMES
//        GREEN     : PEARS
//        BLUE      : BERRIES
//        purple    : grapes
//        black     : olives
//        orange    : cantaloupe
//     
//     After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:
//        black     : olives
//        BLUE      : BERRIES
//        GREEN     : PEARS
//        orange    : cantaloupe
//        purple    : grapes
//        red       : strawberries
//        YELLOW    : LIMES
//     
//     After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
//        YELLOW    : LIMES
//        red       : strawberries
//        purple    : grapes
//        orange    : cantaloupe
//        GREEN     : PEARS
//        BLUE      : BERRIES
//        black     : olives

Imports System.Collections

Public Class SamplesArray

   Public Class myReverserClass
      Implements IComparer

      ' Calls CaseInsensitiveComparer.Compare with the parameters reversed.
      Function Compare(x As [Object], y As [Object]) As Integer _
         Implements IComparer.Compare
         Return New CaseInsensitiveComparer().Compare(y, x)
      End Function 'IComparer.Compare

   End Class


   Public Shared Sub Main()

      ' Creates and initializes a new Array and a new custom comparer.
      Dim myKeys As [String]() =  {"red", "GREEN", "YELLOW", "BLUE", "purple", "black", "orange"}
      Dim myValues As [String]() =  {"strawberries", "PEARS", "LIMES", "BERRIES", "grapes", "olives", "cantaloupe"}
      Dim myComparer = New myReverserClass()

      ' Displays the values of the Array.
      Console.WriteLine("The Array initially contains the following values:")
      PrintKeysAndValues(myKeys, myValues)

      ' Sorts a section of the Array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues, 1, 3)
      Console.WriteLine("After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:")
      PrintKeysAndValues(myKeys, myValues)

      ' Sorts a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues, 1, 3, myComparer)
      Console.WriteLine("After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:")
      PrintKeysAndValues(myKeys, myValues)

      ' Sorts the entire Array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues)
      Console.WriteLine("After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:")
      PrintKeysAndValues(myKeys, myValues)

      ' Sorts the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues, myComparer)
      Console.WriteLine("After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:")
      PrintKeysAndValues(myKeys, myValues)

   End Sub


   Public Shared Sub PrintKeysAndValues(myKeys() As [String], myValues() As [String])

      Dim i As Integer
      For i = 0 To myKeys.Length - 1
         Console.WriteLine("   {0,-10}: {1}", myKeys(i), myValues(i))
      Next i
      Console.WriteLine()

   End Sub

End Class


'This code produces the following output.
'
'The Array initially contains the following values:
'   red       : strawberries
'   GREEN     : PEARS
'   YELLOW    : LIMES
'   BLUE      : BERRIES
'   purple    : grapes
'   black     : olives
'   orange    : cantaloupe
'
'After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:
'   red       : strawberries
'   BLUE      : BERRIES
'   GREEN     : PEARS
'   YELLOW    : LIMES
'   purple    : grapes
'   black     : olives
'   orange    : cantaloupe
'
'After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
'   red       : strawberries
'   YELLOW    : LIMES
'   GREEN     : PEARS
'   BLUE      : BERRIES
'   purple    : grapes
'   black     : olives
'   orange    : cantaloupe
'
'After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:
'   black     : olives
'   BLUE      : BERRIES
'   GREEN     : PEARS
'   orange    : cantaloupe
'   purple    : grapes
'   red       : strawberries
'   YELLOW    : LIMES
'
'After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
'   YELLOW    : LIMES
'   red       : strawberries
'   purple    : grapes
'   orange    : cantaloupe
'   GREEN     : PEARS
'   BLUE      : BERRIES
'   black     : olives

備註

keys Array 中的每個索引鍵在 itemsArray中都有對應的專案。 當索引鍵在排序期間重新定位時，itemsArray 中的對應項目同樣會重新置放。 因此，itemsArray 會根據 keysArray中對應索引鍵的排列方式排序。

如果 comparer 是 null，則 keysArray 中的每個索引鍵都必須實作 IComparable 介面，才能與其他每個索引鍵進行比較。

如果項目超過索引鍵，您可以排序，但是沒有對應索引鍵的專案將不會排序。 如果索引鍵超過專案，則無法排序;這樣做會擲回 ArgumentException。

如果排序未順利完成，則結果為未定義。

.NET 包含下表所列的預先定義 IComparer 實作。

實現	描述
System.Collections.CaseInsensitiveComparer	比較任兩個物件，但會執行不區分大小寫的字串比較。
Comparer.Default	使用目前文化特性的排序慣例，比較任兩個物件。
Comparer.DefaultInvariant	使用不因文化特性的排序慣例，比較任兩個物件。
Comparer<T>.Default	使用類型的預設排序順序，比較類型 T 的兩個物件。

您也可以將您自己的 IComparer 實作實例提供給 comparer 參數，以支援自定義比較。 此範例會藉由定義可反轉預設排序順序並執行不區分大小寫字串比較的 IComparer 實作來執行此動作。

此方法使用內省排序 （introsort） 演算法，如下所示：

• 如果分割區大小小於或等於16個專案，則會使用 插入排序 演算法。

• 如果分割區數目超過 2 * Log^N，其中 N 是輸入數位的範圍，則會使用 Heapsort 演算法。

• 否則，它會使用 Quicksort 演算法。

此實作會執行不穩定的排序;也就是說，如果兩個元素相等，則可能不會保留其順序。 相反地，穩定的排序會保留相等項目的順序。

這個方法是 O（n 記錄 n）作業，其中 n 是 keys的 Length。

給呼叫者的注意事項

.NET Framework 4 和舊版只使用 Quicksort 演算法。 在排序作業擲回 IndexOutOfRangeException 例外狀況，並將 ArgumentException 例外狀況擲回給呼叫者的情況下，Quicksort 會識別無效的比較子。 從 .NET Framework 4.5 開始，先前擲回 ArgumentException 的排序作業可能不會擲回例外狀況，因為插入排序和堆積分類演算法不會偵測到無效的比較子。 在大部分情況下，這適用於小於或等於16個專案的陣列。

另請參閱

• IComparer
• IComparable
• BinarySearch
• 在陣列 中執行 Culture-Insensitive 字串作業

Sort(Array, Array)

來源:

Array.cs

根據使用每個索引鍵的 IComparable 實作，根據第一個 Array 中的索引鍵，排序一維 Array 物件（一個包含索引鍵，另一個物件包含對應的專案）。

public:
 static void Sort(Array ^ keys, Array ^ items);

public static void Sort (Array keys, Array? items);

static member Sort : Array * Array -> unit

Public Shared Sub Sort (keys As Array, items As Array)

參數

keys

Array

包含要排序之索引鍵的一維 Array。

items

Array

一維 Array，其中包含對應至 keysArray中每個索引鍵的專案。

-或-

null 只排序 keysArray。

例外狀況

ArgumentNullException

keys null。

RankException

keys Array 是多維度。

-或-

items Array 是多維度。

ArgumentException

items 不是 null，而且 keys 長度大於 items長度。

InvalidOperationException

keys Array 中的一或多個元素不會實作 IComparable 介面。

範例

下列範例示範如何排序兩個相關聯的陣列，其中第一個陣列包含索引鍵，而第二個陣列包含值。 排序是使用預設比較子，以及反轉排序順序的自定義比較子來完成。 請注意，結果可能會因目前的 CultureInfo而有所不同。

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections;

public ref class myReverserClass: public IComparer
{
private:

   // Calls CaseInsensitiveComparer::Compare with the parameters reversed.
   virtual int Compare( Object^ x, Object^ y ) = IComparer::Compare
   {
      return ((gcnew CaseInsensitiveComparer)->Compare( y, x ));
   }
};

void PrintKeysAndValues( array<String^>^myKeys, array<String^>^myValues )
{
   for ( int i = 0; i < myKeys->Length; i++ )
   {
      Console::WriteLine( " {0, -10}: {1}", myKeys[ i ], myValues[ i ] );
   }
   Console::WriteLine();
}

int main()
{
   // Creates and initializes a new Array and a new custom comparer.
   array<String^>^myKeys = {"red","GREEN","YELLOW","BLUE","purple","black","orange"};
   array<String^>^myValues = {"strawberries","PEARS","LIMES","BERRIES","grapes","olives","cantaloupe"};
   IComparer^ myComparer = gcnew myReverserClass;

   // Displays the values of the Array.
   Console::WriteLine( "The Array initially contains the following values:" );
   PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );

   // Sorts a section of the Array using the default comparer.
   Array::Sort( myKeys, myValues, 1, 3 );
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:" );

   // Sorts a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
   Array::Sort( myKeys, myValues, 1, 3, myComparer );
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:" );
   PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );

   // Sorts the entire Array using the default comparer.
   Array::Sort( myKeys, myValues );
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:" );
   PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );

   // Sorts the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
   Array::Sort( myKeys, myValues, myComparer );
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:" );
   PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );
}

/* 
This code produces the following output.

The Array initially contains the following values:
   red       : strawberries
   GREEN     : PEARS
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   purple    : grapes
   black     : olives
   orange    : cantaloupe

After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:
   red       : strawberries
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   GREEN     : PEARS
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   purple    : grapes
   black     : olives
   orange    : cantaloupe

After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
   red       : strawberries
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   GREEN     : PEARS
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   purple    : grapes
   black     : olives
   orange    : cantaloupe

After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:
   black     : olives
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   GREEN     : PEARS
   orange    : cantaloupe
   purple    : grapes
   red       : strawberries
   YELLOW    : LIMES

After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   red       : strawberries
   purple    : grapes
   orange    : cantaloupe
   GREEN     : PEARS
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   black     : olives

*/

using System;
using System.Collections;

public class SamplesArray  {

   public class myReverserClass : IComparer  {

      // Calls CaseInsensitiveComparer.Compare with the parameters reversed.
      int IComparer.Compare( Object x, Object y )  {
          return( (new CaseInsensitiveComparer()).Compare( y, x ) );
      }
   }

   public static void Main()  {

      // Creates and initializes a new Array and a new custom comparer.
      String[] myKeys = { "red", "GREEN", "YELLOW", "BLUE", "purple", "black", "orange" };
      String[] myValues = { "strawberries", "PEARS", "LIMES", "BERRIES", "grapes", "olives", "cantaloupe" };
      IComparer myComparer = new myReverserClass();

      // Displays the values of the Array.
      Console.WriteLine( "The Array initially contains the following values:" );
      PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );

      // Sorts a section of the Array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort( myKeys, myValues, 1, 3 );
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:" );
      PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );

      // Sorts a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort( myKeys, myValues, 1, 3, myComparer );
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:" );
      PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );

      // Sorts the entire Array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort( myKeys, myValues );
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:" );
      PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );

      // Sorts the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort( myKeys, myValues, myComparer );
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:" );
      PrintKeysAndValues( myKeys, myValues );
   }

   public static void PrintKeysAndValues( String[] myKeys, String[] myValues )  {
      for ( int i = 0; i < myKeys.Length; i++ )  {
         Console.WriteLine( "   {0,-10}: {1}", myKeys[i], myValues[i] );
      }
      Console.WriteLine();
   }
}


/*
This code produces the following output.

The Array initially contains the following values:
   red       : strawberries
   GREEN     : PEARS
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   purple    : grapes
   black     : olives
   orange    : cantaloupe

After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:
   red       : strawberries
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   GREEN     : PEARS
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   purple    : grapes
   black     : olives
   orange    : cantaloupe

After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
   red       : strawberries
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   GREEN     : PEARS
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   purple    : grapes
   black     : olives
   orange    : cantaloupe

After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:
   black     : olives
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   GREEN     : PEARS
   orange    : cantaloupe
   purple    : grapes
   red       : strawberries
   YELLOW    : LIMES

After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
   YELLOW    : LIMES
   red       : strawberries
   purple    : grapes
   orange    : cantaloupe
   GREEN     : PEARS
   BLUE      : BERRIES
   black     : olives

*/

open System
open System.Collections

type MyReverserClass() = 
    interface IComparer with
        member _.Compare(x, y) =
            // Calls CaseInsensitiveComparer.Compare with the parameters reversed.
            CaseInsensitiveComparer().Compare(y, x)

let printKeysAndValues (myKeys: string []) (myValues: string []) =
    for i = 0 to myKeys.Length - 1 do
        printfn $"   {myKeys[i],-10}: {myValues[i]}"
    printfn ""

// Creates and initializes a new Array and a new custom comparer.
let myKeys = [| "red"; "GREEN"; "YELLOW"; "BLUE"; "purple"; "black"; "orange" |]
let myValues = [| "strawberries"; "PEARS"; "LIMES"; "BERRIES"; "grapes"; "olives"; "cantaloupe" |]
let myComparer = MyReverserClass()

// Displays the values of the Array.
printfn "The Array initially contains the following values:"
printKeysAndValues myKeys myValues 

// Sorts a section of the Array using the default comparer.
Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues, 1, 3)
printfn "After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:" 
printKeysAndValues myKeys myValues

// Sorts a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues, 1, 3, myComparer)
printfn "After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:"
printKeysAndValues myKeys myValues

// Sorts the entire Array using the default comparer.
Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues)
printfn "After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:"
printKeysAndValues myKeys myValues

// Sorts the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues, myComparer)
printfn "After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:"
printKeysAndValues myKeys myValues


// This code produces the following output.
//     The Array initially contains the following values:
//        red       : strawberries
//        GREEN     : PEARS
//        YELLOW    : LIMES
//        BLUE      : BERRIES
//        purple    : grapes
//        black     : olives
//        orange    : cantaloupe
//     
//     After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:
//        red       : strawberries
//        BLUE      : BERRIES
//        GREEN     : PEARS
//        YELLOW    : LIMES
//        purple    : grapes
//        black     : olives
//        orange    : cantaloupe
//     
//     After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
//        red       : strawberries
//        YELLOW    : LIMES
//        GREEN     : PEARS
//        BLUE      : BERRIES
//        purple    : grapes
//        black     : olives
//        orange    : cantaloupe
//     
//     After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:
//        black     : olives
//        BLUE      : BERRIES
//        GREEN     : PEARS
//        orange    : cantaloupe
//        purple    : grapes
//        red       : strawberries
//        YELLOW    : LIMES
//     
//     After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
//        YELLOW    : LIMES
//        red       : strawberries
//        purple    : grapes
//        orange    : cantaloupe
//        GREEN     : PEARS
//        BLUE      : BERRIES
//        black     : olives

Imports System.Collections

Public Class SamplesArray

   Public Class myReverserClass
      Implements IComparer

      ' Calls CaseInsensitiveComparer.Compare with the parameters reversed.
      Function Compare(x As [Object], y As [Object]) As Integer _
         Implements IComparer.Compare
         Return New CaseInsensitiveComparer().Compare(y, x)
      End Function 'IComparer.Compare

   End Class


   Public Shared Sub Main()

      ' Creates and initializes a new Array and a new custom comparer.
      Dim myKeys As [String]() =  {"red", "GREEN", "YELLOW", "BLUE", "purple", "black", "orange"}
      Dim myValues As [String]() =  {"strawberries", "PEARS", "LIMES", "BERRIES", "grapes", "olives", "cantaloupe"}
      Dim myComparer = New myReverserClass()

      ' Displays the values of the Array.
      Console.WriteLine("The Array initially contains the following values:")
      PrintKeysAndValues(myKeys, myValues)

      ' Sorts a section of the Array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues, 1, 3)
      Console.WriteLine("After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:")
      PrintKeysAndValues(myKeys, myValues)

      ' Sorts a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues, 1, 3, myComparer)
      Console.WriteLine("After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:")
      PrintKeysAndValues(myKeys, myValues)

      ' Sorts the entire Array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues)
      Console.WriteLine("After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:")
      PrintKeysAndValues(myKeys, myValues)

      ' Sorts the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort(myKeys, myValues, myComparer)
      Console.WriteLine("After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:")
      PrintKeysAndValues(myKeys, myValues)

   End Sub


   Public Shared Sub PrintKeysAndValues(myKeys() As [String], myValues() As [String])

      Dim i As Integer
      For i = 0 To myKeys.Length - 1
         Console.WriteLine("   {0,-10}: {1}", myKeys(i), myValues(i))
      Next i
      Console.WriteLine()

   End Sub

End Class


'This code produces the following output.
'
'The Array initially contains the following values:
'   red       : strawberries
'   GREEN     : PEARS
'   YELLOW    : LIMES
'   BLUE      : BERRIES
'   purple    : grapes
'   black     : olives
'   orange    : cantaloupe
'
'After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:
'   red       : strawberries
'   BLUE      : BERRIES
'   GREEN     : PEARS
'   YELLOW    : LIMES
'   purple    : grapes
'   black     : olives
'   orange    : cantaloupe
'
'After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
'   red       : strawberries
'   YELLOW    : LIMES
'   GREEN     : PEARS
'   BLUE      : BERRIES
'   purple    : grapes
'   black     : olives
'   orange    : cantaloupe
'
'After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:
'   black     : olives
'   BLUE      : BERRIES
'   GREEN     : PEARS
'   orange    : cantaloupe
'   purple    : grapes
'   red       : strawberries
'   YELLOW    : LIMES
'
'After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
'   YELLOW    : LIMES
'   red       : strawberries
'   purple    : grapes
'   orange    : cantaloupe
'   GREEN     : PEARS
'   BLUE      : BERRIES
'   black     : olives

備註

keys Array 中的每個索引鍵在 itemsArray中都有對應的專案。 當索引鍵在排序期間重新定位時，itemsArray 中的對應項目同樣會重新置放。 因此，itemsArray 會根據 keysArray中對應索引鍵的排列方式排序。

keys Array 中的每個索引鍵都必須實作 IComparable 介面，才能與其他每個索引鍵進行比較。

如果項目超過索引鍵，您可以排序，但是沒有對應索引鍵的專案將不會排序。 如果索引鍵超過專案，則無法排序;這樣做會擲回 ArgumentException。

如果排序未順利完成，則結果為未定義。

此方法使用內省排序 （introsort） 演算法，如下所示：

• 如果分割區大小小於或等於16個專案，則會使用 插入排序 演算法。

• 如果分割區數目超過 2 * Log^N，其中 N 是輸入數位的範圍，則會使用 Heapsort 演算法。

• 否則，它會使用 Quicksort 演算法。

此實作會執行不穩定的排序;也就是說，如果兩個元素相等，則可能不會保留其順序。 相反地，穩定的排序會保留相等項目的順序。

這個方法是 O（n 記錄 n）作業，其中 n 是 keys的 Length。

另請參閱

• IComparable
• BinarySearch
• IDictionary
• 在陣列 中執行 Culture-Insensitive 字串作業

Sort(Array)

來源:

Array.cs

使用 Array中每個專案的 IComparable 實作，排序整個一維 Array 中的專案。

public:
 static void Sort(Array ^ array);

public static void Sort (Array array);

static member Sort : Array -> unit

Public Shared Sub Sort (array As Array)

參數

array

Array

要排序的一維 Array。

例外狀況

ArgumentNullException

array null。

RankException

array 是多維度。

InvalidOperationException

array 中的一或多個元素不會實作 IComparable 介面。

範例

下列程式代碼範例示範如何使用預設比較子和反轉排序順序的自定義比較子來排序 Array 中的值。 請注意，結果可能會因目前的 CultureInfo而有所不同。

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections;

public ref class ReverseComparer : IComparer
{
public:
   // Call CaseInsensitiveComparer::Compare with the parameters reversed.
   virtual int Compare(Object^ x, Object^ y) = IComparer::Compare
   {
      return ((gcnew CaseInsensitiveComparer)->Compare(y, x));
   }
};

void DisplayValues(array<String^>^ arr)
{
   for (int i = arr->GetLowerBound(0); i <= arr->GetUpperBound(0); i++)
      Console::WriteLine( "   [{0}] : {1}", i, arr[ i ] );

   Console::WriteLine();
}

int main()
{
   // Create and initialize a new array. and a new custom comparer.
   array<String^>^ words = { "The","QUICK","BROWN","FOX","jumps",
                             "over","the","lazy","dog" };
   // Instantiate the reverse comparer.
   IComparer^ revComparer = gcnew ReverseComparer();
   
   // Display the values of the Array.
   Console::WriteLine( "The original order of elements in the array:" );
   DisplayValues(words);

   // Sort a section of the array using the default comparer.
   Array::Sort(words, 1, 3);
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the default comparer:");
   DisplayValues(words);

   // Sort a section of the array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
   Array::Sort(words, 1, 3, revComparer);
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:");
   DisplayValues(words);

   // Sort the entire array using the default comparer.
   Array::Sort(words);
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting the entire array by using the default comparer:");
   DisplayValues(words);

   // Sort the entire array by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
   Array::Sort(words, revComparer);
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting the entire array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:");
   DisplayValues(words);
}

/* 
This code produces the following output.

The Array initially contains the following values:
   [0] : The
   [1] : QUICK
   [2] : BROWN
   [3] : FOX
   [4] : jumps
   [5] : over
   [6] : the
   [7] : lazy
   [8] : dog

After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:
   [0] : The
   [1] : BROWN
   [2] : FOX
   [3] : QUICK
   [4] : jumps
   [5] : over
   [6] : the
   [7] : lazy
   [8] : dog

After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
   [0] : The
   [1] : QUICK
   [2] : FOX
   [3] : BROWN
   [4] : jumps
   [5] : over
   [6] : the
   [7] : lazy
   [8] : dog

After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:
   [0] : BROWN
   [1] : dog
   [2] : FOX
   [3] : jumps
   [4] : lazy
   [5] : over
   [6] : QUICK
   [7] : the
   [8] : The

After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
   [0] : the
   [1] : The
   [2] : QUICK
   [3] : over
   [4] : lazy
   [5] : jumps
   [6] : FOX
   [7] : dog
   [8] : BROWN

*/

using System;
using System.Collections;

public class ReverseComparer : IComparer
{
   // Call CaseInsensitiveComparer.Compare with the parameters reversed.
   public int Compare(Object x, Object y)
   {
       return (new CaseInsensitiveComparer()).Compare(y, x );
   }
}

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      // Create and initialize a new array.
      String[] words = { "The", "QUICK", "BROWN", "FOX", "jumps",
                         "over", "the", "lazy", "dog" };
      // Instantiate the reverse comparer.
      IComparer revComparer = new ReverseComparer();

      // Display the values of the array.
      Console.WriteLine( "The original order of elements in the array:" );
      DisplayValues(words);

      // Sort a section of the array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort(words, 1, 3);
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the default comparer:");
      DisplayValues(words);

      // Sort a section of the array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort(words, 1, 3, revComparer);
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:");
      DisplayValues(words);

      // Sort the entire array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort(words);
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting the entire array by using the default comparer:");
      DisplayValues(words);

      // Sort the entire array by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort(words, revComparer);
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting the entire array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:");
      DisplayValues(words);
   }

   public static void DisplayValues(String[] arr)
   {
      for ( int i = arr.GetLowerBound(0); i <= arr.GetUpperBound(0);
            i++ )  {
         Console.WriteLine( "   [{0}] : {1}", i, arr[i] );
      }
      Console.WriteLine();
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//    The original order of elements in the array:
//       [0] : The
//       [1] : QUICK
//       [2] : BROWN
//       [3] : FOX
//       [4] : jumps
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : the
//       [7] : lazy
//       [8] : dog
//
//    After sorting elements 1-3 by using the default comparer:
//       [0] : The
//       [1] : BROWN
//       [2] : FOX
//       [3] : QUICK
//       [4] : jumps
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : the
//       [7] : lazy
//       [8] : dog
//
//    After sorting elements 1-3 by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
//       [0] : The
//       [1] : QUICK
//       [2] : FOX
//       [3] : BROWN
//       [4] : jumps
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : the
//       [7] : lazy
//       [8] : dog
//
//    After sorting the entire array by using the default comparer:
//       [0] : BROWN
//       [1] : dog
//       [2] : FOX
//       [3] : jumps
//       [4] : lazy
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : QUICK
//       [7] : the
//       [8] : The
//
//    After sorting the entire array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
//       [0] : the
//       [1] : The
//       [2] : QUICK
//       [3] : over
//       [4] : lazy
//       [5] : jumps
//       [6] : FOX
//       [7] : dog
//       [8] : BROWN

open System
open System.Collections

type ReverseComparer() =
    interface IComparer with
        member _.Compare(x, y) =
            // Call CaseInsensitiveComparer.Compare with the parameters reversed.
            CaseInsensitiveComparer().Compare(y, x)

let displayValues (arr: string []) = 
    for i = 0 to arr.Length - 1 do
        printfn $"   [{i}] : {arr[i]}"
    printfn ""

// Create and initialize a new array.
let words = 
    [| "The"; "QUICK"; "BROWN"; "FOX"; "jumps"
       "over"; "the"; "lazy"; "dog" |]

// Instantiate the reverse comparer.
let revComparer = ReverseComparer()

// Display the values of the array.
printfn "The original order of elements in the array:" 
displayValues words

// Sort a section of the array using the default comparer.
Array.Sort(words, 1, 3)
printfn "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the default comparer:"
displayValues words

// Sort a section of the array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
Array.Sort(words, 1, 3, revComparer)
printfn "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:"
displayValues words

// Sort the entire array using the default comparer.
Array.Sort words
printfn "After sorting the entire array by using the default comparer:"
displayValues words

// Sort the entire array by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
Array.Sort(words, revComparer)
printfn "After sorting the entire array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:"
displayValues words

// The example displays the following output:
//    The original order of elements in the array:
//       [0] : The
//       [1] : QUICK
//       [2] : BROWN
//       [3] : FOX
//       [4] : jumps
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : the
//       [7] : lazy
//       [8] : dog
//
//    After sorting elements 1-3 by using the default comparer:
//       [0] : The
//       [1] : BROWN
//       [2] : FOX
//       [3] : QUICK
//       [4] : jumps
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : the
//       [7] : lazy
//       [8] : dog
//
//    After sorting elements 1-3 by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
//       [0] : The
//       [1] : QUICK
//       [2] : FOX
//       [3] : BROWN
//       [4] : jumps
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : the
//       [7] : lazy
//       [8] : dog
//
//    After sorting the entire array by using the default comparer:
//       [0] : BROWN
//       [1] : dog
//       [2] : FOX
//       [3] : jumps
//       [4] : lazy
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : QUICK
//       [7] : the
//       [8] : The
//
//    After sorting the entire array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
//       [0] : the
//       [1] : The
//       [2] : QUICK
//       [3] : over
//       [4] : lazy
//       [5] : jumps
//       [6] : FOX
//       [7] : dog
//       [8] : BROWN

Imports System.Collections

Public Class ReverseComparer : Implements IComparer
   ' Call CaseInsensitiveComparer.Compare with the parameters reversed.
   Function Compare(x As Object, y As Object) As Integer _
            Implements IComparer.Compare
      Return New CaseInsensitiveComparer().Compare(y, x)
   End Function 
End Class

Public Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      ' Create and initialize a new array.
      Dim words() As String =  { "The", "QUICK", "BROWN", "FOX", "jumps", 
                                 "over", "the", "lazy", "dog" }
      ' Instantiate a new custom comparer.
      Dim revComparer As New ReverseComparer()

      ' Display the values of the array.
      Console.WriteLine( "The original order of elements in the array:" )
      DisplayValues(words)

      ' Sort a section of the array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort(words, 1, 3)
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the default comparer:")
      DisplayValues(words)

      ' Sort a section of the array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort(words, 1, 3, revComparer)
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:")
      DisplayValues(words)

      ' Sort the entire array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort(words)
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting the entire array by using the default comparer:")
      DisplayValues(words)

      ' Sort the entire array by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort(words, revComparer)
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting the entire array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:")
      DisplayValues(words)
   End Sub 

   Public Sub DisplayValues(arr() As String)
      For i As Integer = arr.GetLowerBound(0) To arr.GetUpperBound(0)
         Console.WriteLine("   [{0}] : {1}", i, arr(i))
      Next 
      Console.WriteLine()
   End Sub 
End Module 
' The example displays the following output:
'    The original order of elements in the array:
'       [0] : The
'       [1] : QUICK
'       [2] : BROWN
'       [3] : FOX
'       [4] : jumps
'       [5] : over
'       [6] : the
'       [7] : lazy
'       [8] : dog
'    
'    After sorting elements 1-3 by using the default comparer:
'       [0] : The
'       [1] : BROWN
'       [2] : FOX
'       [3] : QUICK
'       [4] : jumps
'       [5] : over
'       [6] : the
'       [7] : lazy
'       [8] : dog
'    
'    After sorting elements 1-3 by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
'       [0] : The
'       [1] : QUICK
'       [2] : FOX
'       [3] : BROWN
'       [4] : jumps
'       [5] : over
'       [6] : the
'       [7] : lazy
'       [8] : dog
'    
'    After sorting the entire array by using the default comparer:
'       [0] : BROWN
'       [1] : dog
'       [2] : FOX
'       [3] : jumps
'       [4] : lazy
'       [5] : over
'       [6] : QUICK
'       [7] : the
'       [8] : The
'    
'    After sorting the entire array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
'       [0] : the
'       [1] : The
'       [2] : QUICK
'       [3] : over
'       [4] : lazy
'       [5] : jumps
'       [6] : FOX
'       [7] : dog
'       [8] : BROWN

備註

array 的每個元素都必須實作 IComparable 介面，才能與 array中的其他每個元素進行比較。

如果排序未順利完成，則結果為未定義。

此方法使用內省排序 （introsort） 演算法，如下所示：

• 如果分割區大小小於或等於16個專案，則會使用 插入排序 演算法。

• 如果分割區數目超過 2 * Log^N，其中 N 是輸入數位的範圍，則會使用 Heapsort 演算法。

• 否則，它會使用 Quicksort 演算法。

此實作會執行不穩定的排序;也就是說，如果兩個元素相等，則可能不會保留其順序。 相反地，穩定的排序會保留相等項目的順序。

這個方法是 O（n 記錄 n）作業，其中 n 是 array的 Length。

另請參閱

• IComparable
• BinarySearch
• 在陣列 中執行 Culture-Insensitive 字串作業

Sort(Array, IComparer)

來源:

Array.cs

使用指定的 IComparer排序一維 Array 中的專案。

public:
 static void Sort(Array ^ array, System::Collections::IComparer ^ comparer);

public static void Sort (Array array, System.Collections.IComparer? comparer);

static member Sort : Array * System.Collections.IComparer -> unit

Public Shared Sub Sort (array As Array, comparer As IComparer)

參數

array

Array

要排序的一維陣列。

comparer

IComparer

比較專案時要使用的實作。

-或-

null 使用每個專案的 IComparable 實作。

例外狀況

ArgumentNullException

array null。

RankException

array 是多維度。

InvalidOperationException

comparer 是 null，array 中的一或多個元素不會實作 IComparable 介面。

ArgumentException

comparer 的實作在排序期間造成錯誤。 例如，在比較專案與本身時，comparer 可能不會傳回 0。

範例

下列範例會使用預設比較子來排序字串陣列中的值。 它也會定義名為 ReverseComparer 的自定義 IComparer 實作，以在執行不區分大小寫的字串比較時反轉物件的預設排序順序。 請注意，輸出可能會根據目前的文化特性而有所不同。

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections;

public ref class ReverseComparer : IComparer
{
public:
   // Call CaseInsensitiveComparer::Compare with the parameters reversed.
   virtual int Compare(Object^ x, Object^ y) = IComparer::Compare
   {
      return ((gcnew CaseInsensitiveComparer)->Compare(y, x));
   }
};

void DisplayValues(array<String^>^ arr)
{
   for (int i = arr->GetLowerBound(0); i <= arr->GetUpperBound(0); i++)
      Console::WriteLine( "   [{0}] : {1}", i, arr[ i ] );

   Console::WriteLine();
}

int main()
{
   // Create and initialize a new array. and a new custom comparer.
   array<String^>^ words = { "The","QUICK","BROWN","FOX","jumps",
                             "over","the","lazy","dog" };
   // Instantiate the reverse comparer.
   IComparer^ revComparer = gcnew ReverseComparer();
   
   // Display the values of the Array.
   Console::WriteLine( "The original order of elements in the array:" );
   DisplayValues(words);

   // Sort a section of the array using the default comparer.
   Array::Sort(words, 1, 3);
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the default comparer:");
   DisplayValues(words);

   // Sort a section of the array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
   Array::Sort(words, 1, 3, revComparer);
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:");
   DisplayValues(words);

   // Sort the entire array using the default comparer.
   Array::Sort(words);
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting the entire array by using the default comparer:");
   DisplayValues(words);

   // Sort the entire array by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
   Array::Sort(words, revComparer);
   Console::WriteLine( "After sorting the entire array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:");
   DisplayValues(words);
}

/* 
This code produces the following output.

The Array initially contains the following values:
   [0] : The
   [1] : QUICK
   [2] : BROWN
   [3] : FOX
   [4] : jumps
   [5] : over
   [6] : the
   [7] : lazy
   [8] : dog

After sorting a section of the Array using the default comparer:
   [0] : The
   [1] : BROWN
   [2] : FOX
   [3] : QUICK
   [4] : jumps
   [5] : over
   [6] : the
   [7] : lazy
   [8] : dog

After sorting a section of the Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
   [0] : The
   [1] : QUICK
   [2] : FOX
   [3] : BROWN
   [4] : jumps
   [5] : over
   [6] : the
   [7] : lazy
   [8] : dog

After sorting the entire Array using the default comparer:
   [0] : BROWN
   [1] : dog
   [2] : FOX
   [3] : jumps
   [4] : lazy
   [5] : over
   [6] : QUICK
   [7] : the
   [8] : The

After sorting the entire Array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
   [0] : the
   [1] : The
   [2] : QUICK
   [3] : over
   [4] : lazy
   [5] : jumps
   [6] : FOX
   [7] : dog
   [8] : BROWN

*/

using System;
using System.Collections;

public class ReverseComparer : IComparer
{
   // Call CaseInsensitiveComparer.Compare with the parameters reversed.
   public int Compare(Object x, Object y)
   {
       return (new CaseInsensitiveComparer()).Compare(y, x );
   }
}

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      // Create and initialize a new array.
      String[] words = { "The", "QUICK", "BROWN", "FOX", "jumps",
                         "over", "the", "lazy", "dog" };
      // Instantiate the reverse comparer.
      IComparer revComparer = new ReverseComparer();

      // Display the values of the array.
      Console.WriteLine( "The original order of elements in the array:" );
      DisplayValues(words);

      // Sort a section of the array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort(words, 1, 3);
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the default comparer:");
      DisplayValues(words);

      // Sort a section of the array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort(words, 1, 3, revComparer);
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:");
      DisplayValues(words);

      // Sort the entire array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort(words);
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting the entire array by using the default comparer:");
      DisplayValues(words);

      // Sort the entire array by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort(words, revComparer);
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting the entire array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:");
      DisplayValues(words);
   }

   public static void DisplayValues(String[] arr)
   {
      for ( int i = arr.GetLowerBound(0); i <= arr.GetUpperBound(0);
            i++ )  {
         Console.WriteLine( "   [{0}] : {1}", i, arr[i] );
      }
      Console.WriteLine();
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//    The original order of elements in the array:
//       [0] : The
//       [1] : QUICK
//       [2] : BROWN
//       [3] : FOX
//       [4] : jumps
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : the
//       [7] : lazy
//       [8] : dog
//
//    After sorting elements 1-3 by using the default comparer:
//       [0] : The
//       [1] : BROWN
//       [2] : FOX
//       [3] : QUICK
//       [4] : jumps
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : the
//       [7] : lazy
//       [8] : dog
//
//    After sorting elements 1-3 by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
//       [0] : The
//       [1] : QUICK
//       [2] : FOX
//       [3] : BROWN
//       [4] : jumps
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : the
//       [7] : lazy
//       [8] : dog
//
//    After sorting the entire array by using the default comparer:
//       [0] : BROWN
//       [1] : dog
//       [2] : FOX
//       [3] : jumps
//       [4] : lazy
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : QUICK
//       [7] : the
//       [8] : The
//
//    After sorting the entire array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
//       [0] : the
//       [1] : The
//       [2] : QUICK
//       [3] : over
//       [4] : lazy
//       [5] : jumps
//       [6] : FOX
//       [7] : dog
//       [8] : BROWN

open System
open System.Collections

type ReverseComparer() =
    interface IComparer with
        member _.Compare(x, y) =
            // Call CaseInsensitiveComparer.Compare with the parameters reversed.
            CaseInsensitiveComparer().Compare(y, x)

let displayValues (arr: string []) = 
    for i = 0 to arr.Length - 1 do
        printfn $"   [{i}] : {arr[i]}"
    printfn ""

// Create and initialize a new array.
let words = 
    [| "The"; "QUICK"; "BROWN"; "FOX"; "jumps"
       "over"; "the"; "lazy"; "dog" |]

// Instantiate the reverse comparer.
let revComparer = ReverseComparer()

// Display the values of the array.
printfn "The original order of elements in the array:" 
displayValues words

// Sort a section of the array using the default comparer.
Array.Sort(words, 1, 3)
printfn "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the default comparer:"
displayValues words

// Sort a section of the array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
Array.Sort(words, 1, 3, revComparer)
printfn "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:"
displayValues words

// Sort the entire array using the default comparer.
Array.Sort words
printfn "After sorting the entire array by using the default comparer:"
displayValues words

// Sort the entire array by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
Array.Sort(words, revComparer)
printfn "After sorting the entire array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:"
displayValues words

// The example displays the following output:
//    The original order of elements in the array:
//       [0] : The
//       [1] : QUICK
//       [2] : BROWN
//       [3] : FOX
//       [4] : jumps
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : the
//       [7] : lazy
//       [8] : dog
//
//    After sorting elements 1-3 by using the default comparer:
//       [0] : The
//       [1] : BROWN
//       [2] : FOX
//       [3] : QUICK
//       [4] : jumps
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : the
//       [7] : lazy
//       [8] : dog
//
//    After sorting elements 1-3 by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
//       [0] : The
//       [1] : QUICK
//       [2] : FOX
//       [3] : BROWN
//       [4] : jumps
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : the
//       [7] : lazy
//       [8] : dog
//
//    After sorting the entire array by using the default comparer:
//       [0] : BROWN
//       [1] : dog
//       [2] : FOX
//       [3] : jumps
//       [4] : lazy
//       [5] : over
//       [6] : QUICK
//       [7] : the
//       [8] : The
//
//    After sorting the entire array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
//       [0] : the
//       [1] : The
//       [2] : QUICK
//       [3] : over
//       [4] : lazy
//       [5] : jumps
//       [6] : FOX
//       [7] : dog
//       [8] : BROWN

Imports System.Collections

Public Class ReverseComparer : Implements IComparer
   ' Call CaseInsensitiveComparer.Compare with the parameters reversed.
   Function Compare(x As Object, y As Object) As Integer _
            Implements IComparer.Compare
      Return New CaseInsensitiveComparer().Compare(y, x)
   End Function 
End Class

Public Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      ' Create and initialize a new array.
      Dim words() As String =  { "The", "QUICK", "BROWN", "FOX", "jumps", 
                                 "over", "the", "lazy", "dog" }
      ' Instantiate a new custom comparer.
      Dim revComparer As New ReverseComparer()

      ' Display the values of the array.
      Console.WriteLine( "The original order of elements in the array:" )
      DisplayValues(words)

      ' Sort a section of the array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort(words, 1, 3)
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the default comparer:")
      DisplayValues(words)

      ' Sort a section of the array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort(words, 1, 3, revComparer)
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting elements 1-3 by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:")
      DisplayValues(words)

      ' Sort the entire array using the default comparer.
      Array.Sort(words)
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting the entire array by using the default comparer:")
      DisplayValues(words)

      ' Sort the entire array by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer.
      Array.Sort(words, revComparer)
      Console.WriteLine( "After sorting the entire array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:")
      DisplayValues(words)
   End Sub 

   Public Sub DisplayValues(arr() As String)
      For i As Integer = arr.GetLowerBound(0) To arr.GetUpperBound(0)
         Console.WriteLine("   [{0}] : {1}", i, arr(i))
      Next 
      Console.WriteLine()
   End Sub 
End Module 
' The example displays the following output:
'    The original order of elements in the array:
'       [0] : The
'       [1] : QUICK
'       [2] : BROWN
'       [3] : FOX
'       [4] : jumps
'       [5] : over
'       [6] : the
'       [7] : lazy
'       [8] : dog
'    
'    After sorting elements 1-3 by using the default comparer:
'       [0] : The
'       [1] : BROWN
'       [2] : FOX
'       [3] : QUICK
'       [4] : jumps
'       [5] : over
'       [6] : the
'       [7] : lazy
'       [8] : dog
'    
'    After sorting elements 1-3 by using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
'       [0] : The
'       [1] : QUICK
'       [2] : FOX
'       [3] : BROWN
'       [4] : jumps
'       [5] : over
'       [6] : the
'       [7] : lazy
'       [8] : dog
'    
'    After sorting the entire array by using the default comparer:
'       [0] : BROWN
'       [1] : dog
'       [2] : FOX
'       [3] : jumps
'       [4] : lazy
'       [5] : over
'       [6] : QUICK
'       [7] : the
'       [8] : The
'    
'    After sorting the entire array using the reverse case-insensitive comparer:
'       [0] : the
'       [1] : The
'       [2] : QUICK
'       [3] : over
'       [4] : lazy
'       [5] : jumps
'       [6] : FOX
'       [7] : dog
'       [8] : BROWN

備註

如果 comparer 是 null，則 array 的每個元素都必須實作 IComparable 介面，才能與 array中的其他每個元素進行比較。

如果排序未順利完成，則結果為未定義。

此方法使用內省排序 （introsort） 演算法，如下所示：

• 如果分割區大小小於或等於16個專案，則會使用 插入排序 演算法。

• 如果分割區數目超過 2 * Log^N，其中 N 是輸入數位的範圍，則會使用 Heapsort 演算法。

• 否則，它會使用 Quicksort 演算法。

此實作會執行不穩定的排序;也就是說，如果兩個元素相等，則可能不會保留其順序。 相反地，穩定的排序會保留相等項目的順序。

這個方法是 O（n 記錄 n）作業，其中 n 是 array的 Length。

.NET 包含下表所列的預先定義 IComparer 實作。

實現	描述
System.Collections.CaseInsensitiveComparer	比較任兩個物件，但會執行不區分大小寫的字串比較。
Comparer.Default	使用目前文化特性的排序慣例，比較任兩個物件。
Comparer.DefaultInvariant	使用不因文化特性的排序慣例，比較任兩個物件。
Comparer<T>.Default	使用類型的預設排序順序，比較類型 T 的兩個物件。

您也可以將您自己的 IComparer 實作實例提供給 comparer 參數，以支援自定義比較。 此範例會定義 ReverseComparer 類別，以反轉類型實例的預設排序順序，並執行不區分大小寫的字串比較。

給呼叫者的注意事項

.NET Framework 4 和舊版只使用 Quicksort 演算法。 在排序作業擲回 IndexOutOfRangeException 例外狀況，並將 ArgumentException 例外狀況擲回給呼叫者的情況下，Quicksort 會識別無效的比較子。 從 .NET Framework 4.5 開始，先前擲回 ArgumentException 的排序作業可能不會擲回例外狀況，因為插入排序和堆積分類演算法不會偵測到無效的比較子。 在大部分情況下，這適用於小於或等於16個專案的陣列。

另請參閱

• IComparer
• IComparable
• BinarySearch
• 在陣列 中執行 Culture-Insensitive 字串作業

Sort<T>(T[])

來源:

Array.cs

使用 Array中每個專案的 IComparable<T> 泛型介面實作，排序整個 Array 中的專案。

public:
generic <typename T>
 static void Sort(cli::array <T> ^ array);

public static void Sort<T> (T[] array);

static member Sort : 'T[] -> unit

Public Shared Sub Sort(Of T) (array As T())

類型參數

T

陣列專案的型別。

參數

array

T[]

要排序的一維、以零起始 Array。

例外狀況

ArgumentNullException

array null。

InvalidOperationException

array 中的一或多個元素不會實作 IComparable<T> 泛型介面。

範例

下列程式代碼範例示範 Sort<T>(T[]) 泛型方法多載和 BinarySearch<T>(T[], T) 泛型方法多載。 系統會建立字串數位，且沒有特定順序。

陣組隨即顯示、排序，並再次顯示。

注意

對 Sort 和 BinarySearch 泛型方法的呼叫與非泛型方法的呼叫看起來並無不同，因為Visual Basic、C# 和 C++從第一個自變數的類型推斷泛型型別參數的類型。 如果您使用 Ildasm.exe （IL 反組譯器） 來檢查Microsoft中繼語言 （MSIL），您可以看到正在呼叫泛型方法。

接著會使用 BinarySearch<T>(T[], T) 泛型方法多載來搜尋兩個字串，一個不在陣列中，另一個則為 。 陣列和 BinarySearch 方法的傳回值會傳遞至 ShowWhere 泛型方法，如果找到字串，則會顯示索引值，否則搜尋字串在陣列中時會落在兩者之間。 如果字串不是陣列 n，則索引為負數，因此 ShowWhere 方法會採用位補碼（C# 中的 ~ 運算符和 Visual C++，Xor -1 在 Visual Basic 中），以取得清單中大於搜尋字串之第一個專案的索引。

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections::Generic;

generic<typename T> void ShowWhere(array<T>^ arr, int index)
{
    if (index<0)
    {
        // If the index is negative, it represents the bitwise
        // complement of the next larger element in the array.
        //
        index = ~index;

        Console::Write("Not found. Sorts between: ");

        if (index == 0)
            Console::Write("beginning of array and ");
        else
            Console::Write("{0} and ", arr[index-1]);

        if (index == arr->Length)
            Console::WriteLine("end of array.");
        else
            Console::WriteLine("{0}.", arr[index]);
    }
    else
    {
        Console::WriteLine("Found at index {0}.", index);
    }
};

void main()
{
    array<String^>^ dinosaurs = {"Pachycephalosaurus", 
                                 "Amargasaurus", 
                                 "Tyrannosaurus", 
                                 "Mamenchisaurus", 
                                 "Deinonychus", 
                                 "Edmontosaurus"};

    Console::WriteLine();
    for each(String^ dinosaur in dinosaurs)
    {
        Console::WriteLine(dinosaur);
    }

    Console::WriteLine("\nSort");
    Array::Sort(dinosaurs);

    Console::WriteLine();
    for each(String^ dinosaur in dinosaurs)
    {
        Console::WriteLine(dinosaur);
    }

    Console::WriteLine("\nBinarySearch for 'Coelophysis':");
    int index = Array::BinarySearch(dinosaurs, "Coelophysis");
    ShowWhere(dinosaurs, index);

    Console::WriteLine("\nBinarySearch for 'Tyrannosaurus':");
    index = Array::BinarySearch(dinosaurs, "Tyrannosaurus");
    ShowWhere(dinosaurs, index);
}

/* This code example produces the following output:

Pachycephalosaurus
Amargasaurus
Tyrannosaurus
Mamenchisaurus
Deinonychus
Edmontosaurus

Sort

Amargasaurus
Deinonychus
Edmontosaurus
Mamenchisaurus
Pachycephalosaurus
Tyrannosaurus

BinarySearch for 'Coelophysis':
Not found. Sorts between: Amargasaurus and Deinonychus.

BinarySearch for 'Tyrannosaurus':
Found at index 5.
 */

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class Example
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        string[] dinosaurs = {"Pachycephalosaurus",
                              "Amargasaurus",
                              "Tyrannosaurus",
                              "Mamenchisaurus",
                              "Deinonychus",
                              "Edmontosaurus"};

        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach( string dinosaur in dinosaurs )
        {
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
        }

        Console.WriteLine("\nSort");
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs);

        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach( string dinosaur in dinosaurs )
        {
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
        }

        Console.WriteLine("\nBinarySearch for 'Coelophysis':");
        int index = Array.BinarySearch(dinosaurs, "Coelophysis");
        ShowWhere(dinosaurs, index);

        Console.WriteLine("\nBinarySearch for 'Tyrannosaurus':");
        index = Array.BinarySearch(dinosaurs, "Tyrannosaurus");
        ShowWhere(dinosaurs, index);
    }

    private static void ShowWhere<T>(T[] array, int index)
    {
        if (index<0)
        {
            // If the index is negative, it represents the bitwise
            // complement of the next larger element in the array.
            //
            index = ~index;

            Console.Write("Not found. Sorts between: ");

            if (index == 0)
                Console.Write("beginning of array and ");
            else
                Console.Write("{0} and ", array[index-1]);

            if (index == array.Length)
                Console.WriteLine("end of array.");
            else
                Console.WriteLine("{0}.", array[index]);
        }
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Found at index {0}.", index);
        }
    }
}

/* This code example produces the following output:

Pachycephalosaurus
Amargasaurus
Tyrannosaurus
Mamenchisaurus
Deinonychus
Edmontosaurus

Sort

Amargasaurus
Deinonychus
Edmontosaurus
Mamenchisaurus
Pachycephalosaurus
Tyrannosaurus

BinarySearch for 'Coelophysis':
Not found. Sorts between: Amargasaurus and Deinonychus.

BinarySearch for 'Tyrannosaurus':
Found at index 5.
 */

open System

let showWhere (array: 'a []) index =
    if index < 0 then
        // If the index is negative, it represents the bitwise
        // complement of the next larger element in the array.
        let index = ~~~index

        printf "Not found. Sorts between: "

        if index = 0 then
            printf "beginning of array and "
        else
            printf $"{array[index - 1]} and "

        if index = array.Length then
            printfn "end of array."
        else
            printfn $"{array[index]}."
    else
        printfn $"Found at index {index}."

let dinosaurs =
    [| "Pachycephalosaurus"
       "Amargasaurus"
       "Tyrannosaurus"
       "Mamenchisaurus"
       "Deinonychus"
       "Edmontosaurus" |]

printfn ""
for dino in dinosaurs do
    printfn $"{dino}"

printfn "\nSort"
Array.Sort dinosaurs

printfn ""
for dino in dinosaurs do
    printfn $"{dino}"

printfn "\nBinarySearch for 'Coelophysis':"
let index = Array.BinarySearch(dinosaurs, "Coelophysis")
showWhere dinosaurs index

printfn "\nBinarySearch for 'Tyrannosaurus':"
Array.BinarySearch(dinosaurs, "Tyrannosaurus")
|> showWhere dinosaurs


// This code example produces the following output:
//
//     Pachycephalosaurus
//     Amargasaurus
//     Tyrannosaurus
//     Mamenchisaurus
//     Deinonychus
//     Edmontosaurus
//
//     Sort
//
//     Amargasaurus
//     Deinonychus
//     Edmontosaurus
//     Mamenchisaurus
//     Pachycephalosaurus
//     Tyrannosaurus
//
//     BinarySearch for 'Coelophysis':
//     Not found. Sorts between: Amargasaurus and Deinonychus.
//
//     BinarySearch for 'Tyrannosaurus':
//     Found at index 5.

Imports System.Collections.Generic

Public Class Example

    Public Shared Sub Main()

        Dim dinosaurs() As String = { _
            "Pachycephalosaurus", _
            "Amargasaurus", _
            "Tyrannosaurus", _
            "Mamenchisaurus", _
            "Deinonychus", _
            "Edmontosaurus"  }

        Console.WriteLine()
        For Each dinosaur As String In dinosaurs
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur)
        Next

        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "Sort")
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs)

        Console.WriteLine()
        For Each dinosaur As String In dinosaurs
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur)
        Next

        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & _
            "BinarySearch for 'Coelophysis':")
        Dim index As Integer = _
            Array.BinarySearch(dinosaurs, "Coelophysis")
        ShowWhere(dinosaurs, index)

        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & _
            "BinarySearch for 'Tyrannosaurus':")
        index = Array.BinarySearch(dinosaurs, "Tyrannosaurus")
        ShowWhere(dinosaurs, index)

    End Sub

    Private Shared Sub ShowWhere(Of T) _
        (ByVal array() As T, ByVal index As Integer) 

        If index < 0 Then
            ' If the index is negative, it represents the bitwise
            ' complement of the next larger element in the array.
            '
            index = index Xor -1

            Console.Write("Not found. Sorts between: ")

            If index = 0 Then
                Console.Write("beginning of array and ")
            Else
                Console.Write("{0} and ", array(index - 1))
            End If 

            If index = array.Length Then
                Console.WriteLine("end of array.")
            Else
                Console.WriteLine("{0}.", array(index))
            End If 
        Else
            Console.WriteLine("Found at index {0}.", index)
        End If

    End Sub

End Class

' This code example produces the following output:
'
'Pachycephalosaurus
'Amargasaurus
'Tyrannosaurus
'Mamenchisaurus
'Deinonychus
'Edmontosaurus
'
'Sort
'
'Amargasaurus
'Deinonychus
'Edmontosaurus
'Mamenchisaurus
'Pachycephalosaurus
'Tyrannosaurus
'
'BinarySearch for 'Coelophysis':
'Not found. Sorts between: Amargasaurus and Deinonychus.
'
'BinarySearch for 'Tyrannosaurus':
'Found at index 5.

備註

array 的每個元素都必須實作 IComparable<T> 泛型介面，才能與 array中的其他每個元素進行比較。

如果排序未順利完成，則結果為未定義。

此方法使用內省排序 （introsort） 演算法，如下所示：

• 如果分割區大小小於或等於16個專案，則會使用 插入排序 演算法。

• 如果分割區數目超過 2 * Log^N，其中 N 是輸入數位的範圍，則會使用 Heapsort 演算法。

• 否則，它會使用 Quicksort 演算法。

此實作會執行不穩定的排序;也就是說，如果兩個元素相等，則可能不會保留其順序。 相反地，穩定的排序會保留相等項目的順序。

這個方法是 O（n 記錄 n）作業，其中 n 是 array的 Length。

另請參閱

• IComparable<T>
• BinarySearch
• 在陣列 中執行 Culture-Insensitive 字串作業

Sort<T>(T[], IComparer<T>)

來源:

Array.cs

使用指定的 IComparer<T> 泛型介面，排序 Array 中的專案。

public:
generic <typename T>
 static void Sort(cli::array <T> ^ array, System::Collections::Generic::IComparer<T> ^ comparer);

public static void Sort<T> (T[] array, System.Collections.Generic.IComparer<T>? comparer);

static member Sort : 'T[] * System.Collections.Generic.IComparer<'T> -> unit

Public Shared Sub Sort(Of T) (array As T(), comparer As IComparer(Of T))

類型參數

T

陣列專案的型別。

參數

array

T[]

要排序的一維零基底 Array。

comparer

IComparer<T>

比較專案時要使用的 IComparer<T> 泛型介面實作，或 null 使用每個專案的 IComparable<T> 泛型介面實作。

例外狀況

ArgumentNullException

array null。

InvalidOperationException

comparer 是 null，array 中的一或多個元素不會實作 IComparable<T> 泛型介面。

ArgumentException

comparer 的實作在排序期間造成錯誤。 例如，在比較專案與本身時，comparer 可能不會傳回 0。

範例

下列程式代碼範例示範 Sort<T>(T[], IComparer<T>) 泛型方法多載和 BinarySearch<T>(T[], T, IComparer<T>) 泛型方法多載。

程式代碼範例會定義名為 ReverseCompare的字串替代比較子，它會實作Visual Basic中的 IComparer<string>（IComparer(Of String)，在Visual C++） 泛型介面中 IComparer<String^>。 比較子會呼叫 CompareTo(String) 方法，反轉比較子的順序，讓字元串排序高到低，而不是低到高。

陣組隨即顯示、排序，並再次顯示。 數位必須排序，才能使用 BinarySearch 方法。

注意

對 Sort<T>(T[], IComparer<T>) 和 BinarySearch<T>(T[], T, IComparer<T>) 泛型方法的呼叫與非泛型方法的呼叫看起來並無不同，因為Visual Basic、C# 和 C++從第一個自變數的類型推斷泛型型別參數的類型。 如果您使用 Ildasm.exe （IL 反組譯器） 來檢查Microsoft中繼語言 （MSIL），您可以看到正在呼叫泛型方法。

接著會使用 BinarySearch<T>(T[], T, IComparer<T>) 泛型方法多載來搜尋兩個字串，一個不在陣列中，另一個則為 。 陣列和 BinarySearch<T>(T[], T, IComparer<T>) 方法的傳回值會傳遞至 ShowWhere 泛型方法，如果找到字串，則會顯示索引值，否則搜尋字串在陣列中時會落在兩者之間。 如果字串不是陣列 n，則索引為負數，因此 ShowWhere 方法會採用位補碼（C# 中的 ~ 運算符和 Visual C++，Xor -1 在 Visual Basic 中），以取得清單中大於搜尋字串之第一個專案的索引。

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections::Generic;

public ref class ReverseComparer: IComparer<String^>
{
public:
    virtual int Compare(String^ x, String^ y)
    {
        // Compare y and x in reverse order.
        return y->CompareTo(x);
    }
};

generic<typename T> void ShowWhere(array<T>^ arr, int index)
{
    if (index<0)
    {
        // If the index is negative, it represents the bitwise
        // complement of the next larger element in the array.
        //
        index = ~index;

        Console::Write("Not found. Sorts between: ");

        if (index == 0)
            Console::Write("beginning of array and ");
        else
            Console::Write("{0} and ", arr[index-1]);

        if (index == arr->Length)
            Console::WriteLine("end of array.");
        else
            Console::WriteLine("{0}.", arr[index]);
    }
    else
    {
        Console::WriteLine("Found at index {0}.", index);
    }
};

void main()
{
    array<String^>^ dinosaurs = {"Pachycephalosaurus", 
                                 "Amargasaurus", 
                                 "Tyrannosaurus", 
                                 "Mamenchisaurus", 
                                 "Deinonychus", 
                                 "Edmontosaurus"};

    Console::WriteLine();
    for each(String^ dinosaur in dinosaurs)
    {
        Console::WriteLine(dinosaur);
    }

    ReverseComparer^ rc = gcnew ReverseComparer();

    Console::WriteLine("\nSort");
    Array::Sort(dinosaurs, rc);

    Console::WriteLine();
    for each(String^ dinosaur in dinosaurs)
    {
        Console::WriteLine(dinosaur);
    }

    Console::WriteLine("\nBinarySearch for 'Coelophysis':");
    int index = Array::BinarySearch(dinosaurs, "Coelophysis", rc);
    ShowWhere(dinosaurs, index);

    Console::WriteLine("\nBinarySearch for 'Tyrannosaurus':");
    index = Array::BinarySearch(dinosaurs, "Tyrannosaurus", rc);
    ShowWhere(dinosaurs, index);
}

/* This code example produces the following output:

Pachycephalosaurus
Amargasaurus
Tyrannosaurus
Mamenchisaurus
Deinonychus
Edmontosaurus

Sort

Tyrannosaurus
Pachycephalosaurus
Mamenchisaurus
Edmontosaurus
Deinonychus
Amargasaurus

BinarySearch for 'Coelophysis':
Not found. Sorts between: Deinonychus and Amargasaurus.

BinarySearch for 'Tyrannosaurus':
Found at index 0.
 */

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class ReverseComparer: IComparer<string>
{
    public int Compare(string x, string y)
    {
        // Compare y and x in reverse order.
        return y.CompareTo(x);
    }
}

public class Example
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        string[] dinosaurs = {"Pachycephalosaurus",
                              "Amargasaurus",
                              "Tyrannosaurus",
                              "Mamenchisaurus",
                              "Deinonychus",
                              "Edmontosaurus"};

        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach( string dinosaur in dinosaurs )
        {
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
        }

        ReverseComparer rc = new ReverseComparer();

        Console.WriteLine("\nSort");
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, rc);

        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach( string dinosaur in dinosaurs )
        {
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
        }

        Console.WriteLine("\nBinarySearch for 'Coelophysis':");
        int index = Array.BinarySearch(dinosaurs, "Coelophysis", rc);
        ShowWhere(dinosaurs, index);

        Console.WriteLine("\nBinarySearch for 'Tyrannosaurus':");
        index = Array.BinarySearch(dinosaurs, "Tyrannosaurus", rc);
        ShowWhere(dinosaurs, index);
    }

    private static void ShowWhere<T>(T[] array, int index)
    {
        if (index<0)
        {
            // If the index is negative, it represents the bitwise
            // complement of the next larger element in the array.
            //
            index = ~index;

            Console.Write("Not found. Sorts between: ");

            if (index == 0)
                Console.Write("beginning of array and ");
            else
                Console.Write("{0} and ", array[index-1]);

            if (index == array.Length)
                Console.WriteLine("end of array.");
            else
                Console.WriteLine("{0}.", array[index]);
        }
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Found at index {0}.", index);
        }
    }
}

/* This code example produces the following output:

Pachycephalosaurus
Amargasaurus
Tyrannosaurus
Mamenchisaurus
Deinonychus
Edmontosaurus

Sort

Tyrannosaurus
Pachycephalosaurus
Mamenchisaurus
Edmontosaurus
Deinonychus
Amargasaurus

BinarySearch for 'Coelophysis':
Not found. Sorts between: Deinonychus and Amargasaurus.

BinarySearch for 'Tyrannosaurus':
Found at index 0.
 */

open System
open System.Collections.Generic

type ReverseComparer() =
    interface IComparer<string> with
        member _.Compare(x, y) =
            // Compare y and x in reverse order.
            y.CompareTo x

let showWhere (array: 'a []) index =
    if index < 0 then
        // If the index is negative, it represents the bitwise
        // complement of the next larger element in the array.
        let index = ~~~index

        printf "Not found. Sorts between: "

        if index = 0 then
            printf "beginning of array and "
        else
            printf $"{array[index - 1]} and "

        if index = array.Length then
            printfn "end of array."
        else
            printfn $"{array[index]}."
    else
        printfn $"Found at index {index}."

let dinosaurs =
    [| "Pachycephalosaurus"
       "Amargasaurus"
       "Tyrannosaurus"
       "Mamenchisaurus"
       "Deinonychus"
       "Edmontosaurus" |]

printfn ""
for dino in dinosaurs do
    printfn $"{dino}"

let rc = ReverseComparer()

printfn "\nSort"
Array.Sort(dinosaurs, rc)

printfn ""
for dino in dinosaurs do
    printfn $"{dino}"

printfn "\nBinarySearch for 'Coelophysis':"
Array.BinarySearch(dinosaurs, "Coelophysis", rc)
|> showWhere dinosaurs

printfn "\nBinarySearch for 'Tyrannosaurus':"
Array.BinarySearch(dinosaurs, "Tyrannosaurus", rc)
|> showWhere dinosaurs


// This code example produces the following output:
//     Pachycephalosaurus
//     Amargasaurus
//     Tyrannosaurus
//     Mamenchisaurus
//     Deinonychus
//     Edmontosaurus
//
//     Sort
//
//     Tyrannosaurus
//     Pachycephalosaurus
//     Mamenchisaurus
//     Edmontosaurus
//     Deinonychus
//     Amargasaurus
//
//     BinarySearch for 'Coelophysis':
//     Not found. Sorts between: Deinonychus and Amargasaurus.
//
//     BinarySearch for 'Tyrannosaurus':
//     Found at index 0.

Imports System.Collections.Generic

Public Class ReverseComparer
    Implements IComparer(Of String)

    Public Function Compare(ByVal x As String, _
        ByVal y As String) As Integer _
        Implements IComparer(Of String).Compare

        ' Compare y and x in reverse order.
        Return y.CompareTo(x)

    End Function
End Class

Public Class Example

    Public Shared Sub Main()

        Dim dinosaurs() As String = { _
            "Pachycephalosaurus", _
            "Amargasaurus", _
            "Tyrannosaurus", _
            "Mamenchisaurus", _
            "Deinonychus", _
            "Edmontosaurus"  }

        Console.WriteLine()
        For Each dinosaur As String In dinosaurs
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur)
        Next

        Dim rc As New ReverseComparer()

        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "Sort")
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, rc)

        Console.WriteLine()
        For Each dinosaur As String In dinosaurs
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur)
        Next

        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & _
            "BinarySearch for 'Coelophysis':")
        Dim index As Integer = _
            Array.BinarySearch(dinosaurs, "Coelophysis", rc)
        ShowWhere(dinosaurs, index)

        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & _
            "BinarySearch for 'Tyrannosaurus':")
        index = Array.BinarySearch(dinosaurs, "Tyrannosaurus", rc)
        ShowWhere(dinosaurs, index)

    End Sub

    Private Shared Sub ShowWhere(Of T) _
        (ByVal array() As T, ByVal index As Integer) 

        If index < 0 Then
            ' If the index is negative, it represents the bitwise
            ' complement of the next larger element in the array.
            '
            index = index Xor -1

            Console.Write("Not found. Sorts between: ")

            If index = 0 Then
                Console.Write("beginning of array and ")
            Else
                Console.Write("{0} and ", array(index - 1))
            End If 

            If index = array.Length Then
                Console.WriteLine("end of array.")
            Else
                Console.WriteLine("{0}.", array(index))
            End If 
        Else
            Console.WriteLine("Found at index {0}.", index)
        End If

    End Sub

End Class

' This code example produces the following output:
'
'Pachycephalosaurus
'Amargasaurus
'Tyrannosaurus
'Mamenchisaurus
'Deinonychus
'Edmontosaurus
'
'Sort
'
'Tyrannosaurus
'Pachycephalosaurus
'Mamenchisaurus
'Edmontosaurus
'Deinonychus
'Amargasaurus
'
'BinarySearch for 'Coelophysis':
'Not found. Sorts between: Deinonychus and Amargasaurus.
'
'BinarySearch for 'Tyrannosaurus':
'Found at index 0.

備註

如果 comparer 是 null，則 array 的每個元素都必須實作 IComparable<T> 泛型介面，才能與 array中的每個其他項目進行比較。

如果排序未順利完成，則結果為未定義。

此方法使用內省排序 （introsort） 演算法，如下所示：

• 如果分割區大小小於或等於16個專案，則會使用 插入排序 演算法。

• 如果分割區數目超過 2 * Log^N，其中 N 是輸入數位的範圍，則會使用 Heapsort 演算法。

• 否則，它會使用 Quicksort 演算法。

此實作會執行不穩定的排序;也就是說，如果兩個元素相等，則可能不會保留其順序。 相反地，穩定的排序會保留相等項目的順序。

這個方法是 O（n 記錄 n）作業，其中 n 是 array的 Length。

給呼叫者的注意事項

.NET Framework 4 和舊版只使用 Quicksort 演算法。 在排序作業擲回 IndexOutOfRangeException 例外狀況，並將 ArgumentException 例外狀況擲回給呼叫者的情況下，Quicksort 會識別無效的比較子。 從 .NET Framework 4.5 開始，先前擲回 ArgumentException 的排序作業可能不會擲回例外狀況，因為插入排序和堆積分類演算法不會偵測到無效的比較子。 在大部分情況下，這適用於小於或等於16個專案的陣列。

另請參閱

• IComparer<T>
• IComparable<T>
• BinarySearch
• 在陣列 中執行 Culture-Insensitive 字串作業

Sort<T>(T[], Comparison<T>)

來源:

Array.cs

使用指定的 Comparison<T>排序 Array 中的專案。

public:
generic <typename T>
 static void Sort(cli::array <T> ^ array, Comparison<T> ^ comparison);

public static void Sort<T> (T[] array, Comparison<T> comparison);

static member Sort : 'T[] * Comparison<'T> -> unit

Public Shared Sub Sort(Of T) (array As T(), comparison As Comparison(Of T))

類型參數

T

陣列專案的型別。

參數

array

T[]

要排序的一維、以零起始 Array。

comparison

Comparison<T>

比較專案時要使用的 Comparison<T>。

例外狀況

ArgumentNullException

array null。

-或-

comparison null。

ArgumentException

comparison 的實作在排序期間造成錯誤。 例如，在比較專案與本身時，comparison 可能不會傳回 0。

範例

下列程式代碼範例示範 Sort(Comparison<T>) 方法多載。

程式代碼範例會定義字串的替代比較方法，名為 CompareDinosByLength。 此方法的運作方式如下：首先，比較子會針對null進行測試，並將 null 參考視為小於非 Null。 其次，會比較字串長度，且較長的字串會被視為更大。 第三，如果長度相等，則會使用一般字串比較。

系統會建立字串數位，並填入四個字串，沒有特定順序。 此清單也包含空字串和 Null 參考。 清單隨即顯示、使用代表 CompareDinosByLength 方法的 Comparison<T> 泛型委派進行排序，然後再次顯示。

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections::Generic;

int CompareDinosByLength(String^ x, String^ y)
{
    if (x == nullptr)
    {
        if (y == nullptr)
        {
            // If x is null and y is null, they're
            // equal. 
            return 0;
        }
        else
        {
            // If x is null and y is not null, y
            // is greater. 
            return -1;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // If x is not null...
        //
        if (y == nullptr)
            // ...and y is null, x is greater.
        {
            return 1;
        }
        else
        {
            // ...and y is not null, compare the 
            // lengths of the two strings.
            //
            int retval = x->Length.CompareTo(y->Length);

            if (retval != 0)
            {
                // If the strings are not of equal length,
                // the longer string is greater.
                //
                return retval;
            }
            else
            {
                // If the strings are of equal length,
                // sort them with ordinary string comparison.
                //
                return x->CompareTo(y);
            }
        }
    }
};

void Display(array<String^>^ arr)
{
    Console::WriteLine();
    for each(String^ s in arr)
    {
        if (s == nullptr)
            Console::WriteLine("(null)");
        else
            Console::WriteLine("\"{0}\"", s);
    }
};

void main()
{
    array<String^>^ dinosaurs = { 
        "Pachycephalosaurus",
        "Amargasaurus",
        "",
        nullptr,
        "Mamenchisaurus",
        "Deinonychus" };
    Display(dinosaurs);

    Console::WriteLine("\nSort with generic Comparison<String^> delegate:");
    Array::Sort(dinosaurs,
        gcnew Comparison<String^>(CompareDinosByLength));
    Display(dinosaurs);

}

/* This code example produces the following output:

"Pachycephalosaurus"
"Amargasaurus"
""
(null)
"Mamenchisaurus"
"Deinonychus"

Sort with generic Comparison<String^> delegate:

(null)
""
"Deinonychus"
"Amargasaurus"
"Mamenchisaurus"
"Pachycephalosaurus"
 */

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class Example
{
    private static int CompareDinosByLength(string x, string y)
    {
        if (x == null)
        {
            if (y == null)
            {
                // If x is null and y is null, they're
                // equal.
                return 0;
            }
            else
            {
                // If x is null and y is not null, y
                // is greater.
                return -1;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            // If x is not null...
            //
            if (y == null)
                // ...and y is null, x is greater.
            {
                return 1;
            }
            else
            {
                // ...and y is not null, compare the
                // lengths of the two strings.
                //
                int retval = x.Length.CompareTo(y.Length);

                if (retval != 0)
                {
                    // If the strings are not of equal length,
                    // the longer string is greater.
                    //
                    return retval;
                }
                else
                {
                    // If the strings are of equal length,
                    // sort them with ordinary string comparison.
                    //
                    return x.CompareTo(y);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public static void Main()
    {
        string[] dinosaurs = {
            "Pachycephalosaurus",
            "Amargasaurus",
            "",
            null,
            "Mamenchisaurus",
            "Deinonychus" };
        Display(dinosaurs);

        Console.WriteLine("\nSort with generic Comparison<string> delegate:");
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, CompareDinosByLength);
        Display(dinosaurs);
    }

    private static void Display(string[] arr)
    {
        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach( string s in arr )
        {
            if (s == null)
                Console.WriteLine("(null)");
            else
                Console.WriteLine("\"{0}\"", s);
        }
    }
}

/* This code example produces the following output:

"Pachycephalosaurus"
"Amargasaurus"
""
(null)
"Mamenchisaurus"
"Deinonychus"

Sort with generic Comparison<string> delegate:

(null)
""
"Deinonychus"
"Amargasaurus"
"Mamenchisaurus"
"Pachycephalosaurus"
 */

open System

let compareDinosByLength (x: string) (y: string) =
    match x with
    // If x is null and y is null, they're equal.
    | null when isNull y -> 0 
    // If x is null and y is not null, y is greater.
    | null -> -1
    // If x is not null and y is null, x is greater.
    | _ when isNull y -> 1    
    // If x is not null and y is not null, compare the lengths of the two strings.
    | _ ->
        let retval = x.Length.CompareTo y.Length
        if retval <> 0 then
            // If the strings are not of equal length, the longer string is greater.
            retval
        else
            // If the strings are of equal length, sort them with ordinary string comparison.
            x.CompareTo y

let display arr =
    printfn ""
    for s in arr do
        if isNull s then
            printfn "(null)"
        else
            printfn $"\"{s}\""

let dinosaurs =
    [| "Pachycephalosaurus"
       "Amargasaurus"
       ""
       null
       "Mamenchisaurus"
       "Deinonychus" |]
       
display dinosaurs

printfn "\nSort with generic Comparison<string> delegate:"
Array.Sort(dinosaurs, compareDinosByLength)
display dinosaurs

// This code example produces the following output:
//
//    "Pachycephalosaurus"
//    "Amargasaurus"
//    ""
//    (null)
//    "Mamenchisaurus"
//    "Deinonychus"
//    
//    Sort with generic Comparison<string> delegate:
//    
//    (null)
//    ""
//    "Deinonychus"
//    "Amargasaurus"
//    "Mamenchisaurus"
//    "Pachycephalosaurus"
//

Imports System.Collections.Generic

Public Class Example

    Private Shared Function CompareDinosByLength( _
        ByVal x As String, ByVal y As String) As Integer

        If x Is Nothing Then
            If y Is Nothing Then 
                ' If x is Nothing and y is Nothing, they're
                ' equal. 
                Return 0
            Else
                ' If x is Nothing and y is not Nothing, y
                ' is greater. 
                Return -1
            End If
        Else
            ' If x is not Nothing...
            '
            If y Is Nothing Then
                ' ...and y is Nothing, x is greater.
                Return 1
            Else
                ' ...and y is not Nothing, compare the 
                ' lengths of the two strings.
                '
                Dim retval As Integer = _
                    x.Length.CompareTo(y.Length)

                If retval <> 0 Then 
                    ' If the strings are not of equal length,
                    ' the longer string is greater.
                    '
                    Return retval
                Else
                    ' If the strings are of equal length,
                    ' sort them with ordinary string comparison.
                    '
                    Return x.CompareTo(y)
                End If
            End If
        End If

    End Function

    Public Shared Sub Main()

        Dim dinosaurs() As String = { _
            "Pachycephalosaurus", _
            "Amargasaurus", _
            "", _
            Nothing, _
            "Mamenchisaurus", _
            "Deinonychus" }
        Display(dinosaurs)

        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "Sort with generic Comparison(Of String) delegate:")
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, AddressOf CompareDinosByLength)
        Display(dinosaurs)

    End Sub

    Private Shared Sub Display(ByVal arr() As String)
        Console.WriteLine()
        For Each s As String In arr
            If s Is Nothing Then
                Console.WriteLine("(Nothing)")
            Else
                Console.WriteLine("""{0}""", s)
            End If
        Next
    End Sub
End Class

' This code example produces the following output:
'
'"Pachycephalosaurus"
'"Amargasaurus"
'""
'(Nothing)
'"Mamenchisaurus"
'"Deinonychus"
'
'Sort with generic Comparison(Of String) delegate:
'
'(Nothing)
'""
'"Deinonychus"
'"Amargasaurus"
'"Mamenchisaurus"
'"Pachycephalosaurus"

備註

如果排序未順利完成，則結果為未定義。

此方法使用內省排序 （簡介） 演算法，如下所示：

• 如果分割區大小小於或等於16個專案，則會使用 插入排序 演算法。

• 如果分割區數目超過 2 * Log^N，其中 N 是輸入數位的範圍，則會使用 Heapsort 演算法。

• 否則，它會使用 Quicksort 演算法。

此實作會執行不穩定的排序;也就是說，如果兩個元素相等，則可能不會保留其順序。 相反地，穩定的排序會保留相等項目的順序。

這個方法是 O（n 記錄 n）作業，其中 n 是 array的 Length。

給呼叫者的注意事項

.NET Framework 4 和舊版只使用 Quicksort 演算法。 在排序作業擲回 IndexOutOfRangeException 例外狀況，並將 ArgumentException 例外狀況擲回給呼叫者的情況下，Quicksort 會識別無效的比較子。 從 .NET Framework 4.5 開始，先前擲回 ArgumentException 的排序作業可能不會擲回例外狀況，因為插入排序和堆積分類演算法不會偵測到無效的比較子。 在大部分的情況下，這適用於小於或等於6個專案的陣列。

另請參閱

• Comparison<T>
• BinarySearch
• 在陣列 中執行 Culture-Insensitive 字串作業

Sort<T>(T[], Int32, Int32)

來源:

Array.cs

使用 Array中每個專案的 IComparable<T> 泛型介面實作，排序 Array 中專案範圍內的專案。

public:
generic <typename T>
 static void Sort(cli::array <T> ^ array, int index, int length);

public static void Sort<T> (T[] array, int index, int length);

static member Sort : 'T[] * int * int -> unit

Public Shared Sub Sort(Of T) (array As T(), index As Integer, length As Integer)

類型參數

T

陣列專案的型別。

參數

array

T[]

要排序的一維、以零起始 Array。

index

Int32

要排序之範圍的起始索引。

length

Int32

要排序之範圍中的項目數目。

例外狀況

ArgumentNullException

array null。

ArgumentOutOfRangeException

index 小於 array的下限。

-或-

length 小於零。

ArgumentException

index 和 length 未在 array中指定有效的範圍。

InvalidOperationException

array 中的一或多個元素不會實作 IComparable<T> 泛型介面。

範例

下列程式代碼範例示範 Sort<T>(T[], Int32, Int32) 泛型方法多載，以及排序陣列中範圍 Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], Int32, Int32, IComparer<TKey>) 泛型方法多載。

程式代碼範例會定義名為 ReverseCompare的字串替代比較子，它會實作Visual Basic中的 IComparer<string>（IComparer(Of String)，在Visual C++） 泛型介面中 IComparer<String^>。 比較子會呼叫 CompareTo(String) 方法，反轉比較子的順序，讓字元串排序高到低，而不是低到高。

程式代碼範例會建立並顯示恐龍名稱的陣列，由三隻食草動物組成，後面接著三種食肉動物（要精確）。 Sort<T>(T[], Int32, Int32) 泛型方法多載可用來排序陣列的最後三個專案，然後顯示該元素。 Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], Int32, Int32, IComparer<TKey>) 泛型方法多載會與 ReverseCompare 搭配使用，以反向順序排序最後三個元素。 徹底混淆的恐龍再次顯示。

注意

對 Sort<T>(T[], IComparer<T>) 和 BinarySearch<T>(T[], T, IComparer<T>) 泛型方法的呼叫與非泛型方法的呼叫看起來並無不同，因為Visual Basic、C# 和 C++從第一個自變數的類型推斷泛型型別參數的類型。 如果您使用 Ildasm.exe （IL 反組譯器） 來檢查Microsoft中繼語言 （MSIL），您可以看到正在呼叫泛型方法。

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections::Generic;

public ref class ReverseComparer: IComparer<String^>
{
public:
    virtual int Compare(String^ x, String^ y)
    {
        // Compare y and x in reverse order.
        return y->CompareTo(x);
    }
};

void main()
{
    array<String^>^ dinosaurs = {"Pachycephalosaurus", 
                                 "Amargasaurus", 
                                 "Mamenchisaurus",
                                 "Tarbosaurus",
                                 "Tyrannosaurus", 
                                 "Albertasaurus"};

    Console::WriteLine();
    for each(String^ dinosaur in dinosaurs)
    {
        Console::WriteLine(dinosaur);
    }

    Console::WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, 3, 3)");
    Array::Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3);

    Console::WriteLine();
    for each(String^ dinosaur in dinosaurs)
    {
        Console::WriteLine(dinosaur);
    }

    ReverseComparer^ rc = gcnew ReverseComparer();

    Console::WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, 3, 3, rc)");
    Array::Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3, rc);

    Console::WriteLine();
    for each(String^ dinosaur in dinosaurs)
    {
        Console::WriteLine(dinosaur);
    }
}

/* This code example produces the following output:

Pachycephalosaurus
Amargasaurus
Mamenchisaurus
Tarbosaurus
Tyrannosaurus
Albertasaurus

Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3)

Pachycephalosaurus
Amargasaurus
Mamenchisaurus
Albertasaurus
Tarbosaurus
Tyrannosaurus

Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3, rc)

Pachycephalosaurus
Amargasaurus
Mamenchisaurus
Tyrannosaurus
Tarbosaurus
Albertasaurus
 */

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class ReverseComparer: IComparer<string>
{
    public int Compare(string x, string y)
    {
        // Compare y and x in reverse order.
        return y.CompareTo(x);
    }
}

public class Example
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        string[] dinosaurs = {"Pachycephalosaurus",
                              "Amargasaurus",
                              "Mamenchisaurus",
                              "Tarbosaurus",
                              "Tyrannosaurus",
                              "Albertasaurus"};

        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach( string dinosaur in dinosaurs )
        {
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
        }

        Console.WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, 3, 3)");
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3);

        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach( string dinosaur in dinosaurs )
        {
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
        }

        ReverseComparer rc = new ReverseComparer();

        Console.WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, 3, 3, rc)");
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3, rc);

        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach( string dinosaur in dinosaurs )
        {
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
        }
    }
}

/* This code example produces the following output:

Pachycephalosaurus
Amargasaurus
Mamenchisaurus
Tarbosaurus
Tyrannosaurus
Albertasaurus

Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3)

Pachycephalosaurus
Amargasaurus
Mamenchisaurus
Albertasaurus
Tarbosaurus
Tyrannosaurus

Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3, rc)

Pachycephalosaurus
Amargasaurus
Mamenchisaurus
Tyrannosaurus
Tarbosaurus
Albertasaurus
 */

open System
open System.Collections.Generic

type ReverseComparer() =
    interface  IComparer<string> with
        member _.Compare(x, y) =
            y.CompareTo x

let dinosaurs = 
    [| "Pachycephalosaurus"
       "Amargasaurus"
       "Mamenchisaurus"
       "Tarbosaurus"
       "Tyrannosaurus"
       "Albertasaurus" |]

printfn ""
for dino in dinosaurs do
    printfn $"{dino}"

printfn "\nSort(dinosaurs, 3, 3)"
Array.Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3)

printfn ""
for dino in dinosaurs do
    printfn $"{dino}"

let rc = ReverseComparer()

printfn "\nSort(dinosaurs, 3, 3, rc)"
Array.Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3, rc)

printfn ""
for dino in dinosaurs do
    printfn $"{dino}"


// This code example produces the following output:
//
//    Pachycephalosaurus
//    Amargasaurus
//    Mamenchisaurus
//    Tarbosaurus
//    Tyrannosaurus
//    Albertasaurus
//    
//    Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3)
//    
//    Pachycephalosaurus
//    Amargasaurus
//    Mamenchisaurus
//    Albertasaurus
//    Tarbosaurus
//    Tyrannosaurus
//    
//    Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3, rc)
//    
//    Pachycephalosaurus
//    Amargasaurus
//    Mamenchisaurus
//    Tyrannosaurus
//    Tarbosaurus
//    Albertasaurus

Imports System.Collections.Generic

Public Class ReverseComparer
    Implements IComparer(Of String)

    Public Function Compare(ByVal x As String, _
        ByVal y As String) As Integer _
        Implements IComparer(Of String).Compare

        ' Compare y and x in reverse order.
        Return y.CompareTo(x)

    End Function
End Class

Public Class Example

    Public Shared Sub Main()

        Dim dinosaurs() As String = { _
            "Pachycephalosaurus", _
            "Amargasaurus", _
            "Mamenchisaurus", _
            "Tarbosaurus", _
            "Tyrannosaurus", _
            "Albertasaurus"  }

        Console.WriteLine()
        For Each dinosaur As String In dinosaurs
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur)
        Next

        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3)")
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3)

        Console.WriteLine()
        For Each dinosaur As String In dinosaurs
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur)
        Next

        Dim rc As New ReverseComparer()

        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3, rc)")
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3, rc)

        Console.WriteLine()
        For Each dinosaur As String In dinosaurs
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur)
        Next

    End Sub

End Class

' This code example produces the following output:
'
'Pachycephalosaurus
'Amargasaurus
'Mamenchisaurus
'Tarbosaurus
'Tyrannosaurus
'Albertasaurus
'
'Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3)
'
'Pachycephalosaurus
'Amargasaurus
'Mamenchisaurus
'Albertasaurus
'Tarbosaurus
'Tyrannosaurus
'
'Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3, rc)
'
'Pachycephalosaurus
'Amargasaurus
'Mamenchisaurus
'Tyrannosaurus
'Tarbosaurus
'Albertasaurus

備註

array 中指定專案範圍內的每個專案都必須實作 IComparable<T> 泛型介面，才能與 array中其他每個元素進行比較。

如果排序未順利完成，則結果為未定義。

此方法使用內省排序 （introsort） 演算法，如下所示：

• 如果分割區大小小於或等於16個專案，則會使用 插入排序 演算法。

• 如果分割區數目超過 2 * Log^N，其中 N 是輸入數位的範圍，則會使用 Heapsort 演算法。

• 否則，它會使用 Quicksort 演算法。

此實作會執行不穩定的排序;也就是說，如果兩個元素相等，則可能不會保留其順序。 相反地，穩定的排序會保留相等項目的順序。

這個方法是 O（n 記錄 n）作業，其中 nlength。

另請參閱

• IComparable<T>
• BinarySearch
• 在陣列 中執行 Culture-Insensitive 字串作業

Sort<T>(T[], Int32, Int32, IComparer<T>)

來源:

Array.cs

使用指定的 IComparer<T> 泛型介面，排序 Array 中專案範圍內的專案。

public:
generic <typename T>
 static void Sort(cli::array <T> ^ array, int index, int length, System::Collections::Generic::IComparer<T> ^ comparer);

public static void Sort<T> (T[] array, int index, int length, System.Collections.Generic.IComparer<T>? comparer);

static member Sort : 'T[] * int * int * System.Collections.Generic.IComparer<'T> -> unit

Public Shared Sub Sort(Of T) (array As T(), index As Integer, length As Integer, comparer As IComparer(Of T))

類型參數

T

陣列專案的型別。

參數

array

T[]

要排序的一維、以零起始 Array。

index

Int32

要排序之範圍的起始索引。

length

Int32

要排序之範圍中的項目數目。

comparer

IComparer<T>

比較專案時要使用的 IComparer<T> 泛型介面實作，或 null 使用每個專案的 IComparable<T> 泛型介面實作。

例外狀況

ArgumentNullException

array null。

ArgumentOutOfRangeException

index 小於 array的下限。

-或-

length 小於零。

ArgumentException

index 和 length 未在 array中指定有效的範圍。

-或-

comparer 的實作在排序期間造成錯誤。 例如，在比較專案與本身時，comparer 可能不會傳回 0。

InvalidOperationException

comparer 是 null，array 中的一或多個元素不會實作 IComparable<T> 泛型介面。

範例

下列程式代碼範例示範 Sort<T>(T[], Int32, Int32) 泛型方法多載，以及排序陣列中範圍 Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], Int32, Int32, IComparer<TKey>) 泛型方法多載。

程式代碼範例會定義名為 ReverseCompare的字串替代比較子，它會實作Visual Basic中的 IComparer<string>（IComparer(Of String)，在Visual C++） 泛型介面中 IComparer<String^>。 比較子會呼叫 CompareTo(String) 方法，反轉比較子的順序，讓字元串排序高到低，而不是低到高。

程式代碼範例會建立並顯示恐龍名稱的陣列，由三隻食草動物組成，後面接著三種食肉動物（要精確）。 Sort<T>(T[], Int32, Int32) 泛型方法多載可用來排序陣列的最後三個專案，然後顯示該元素。 Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], Int32, Int32, IComparer<TKey>) 泛型方法多載會與 ReverseCompare 搭配使用，以反向順序排序最後三個元素。 徹底混淆的恐龍再次顯示。

注意

對 Sort<T>(T[], IComparer<T>) 和 BinarySearch<T>(T[], T, IComparer<T>) 泛型方法的呼叫與非泛型方法的呼叫看起來並無不同，因為Visual Basic、C# 和 C++從第一個自變數的類型推斷泛型型別參數的類型。 如果您使用 Ildasm.exe （IL 反組譯器） 來檢查Microsoft中繼語言 （MSIL），您可以看到正在呼叫泛型方法。

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections::Generic;

public ref class ReverseComparer: IComparer<String^>
{
public:
    virtual int Compare(String^ x, String^ y)
    {
        // Compare y and x in reverse order.
        return y->CompareTo(x);
    }
};

void main()
{
    array<String^>^ dinosaurs = {"Pachycephalosaurus", 
                                 "Amargasaurus", 
                                 "Mamenchisaurus",
                                 "Tarbosaurus",
                                 "Tyrannosaurus", 
                                 "Albertasaurus"};

    Console::WriteLine();
    for each(String^ dinosaur in dinosaurs)
    {
        Console::WriteLine(dinosaur);
    }

    Console::WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, 3, 3)");
    Array::Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3);

    Console::WriteLine();
    for each(String^ dinosaur in dinosaurs)
    {
        Console::WriteLine(dinosaur);
    }

    ReverseComparer^ rc = gcnew ReverseComparer();

    Console::WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, 3, 3, rc)");
    Array::Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3, rc);

    Console::WriteLine();
    for each(String^ dinosaur in dinosaurs)
    {
        Console::WriteLine(dinosaur);
    }
}

/* This code example produces the following output:

Pachycephalosaurus
Amargasaurus
Mamenchisaurus
Tarbosaurus
Tyrannosaurus
Albertasaurus

Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3)

Pachycephalosaurus
Amargasaurus
Mamenchisaurus
Albertasaurus
Tarbosaurus
Tyrannosaurus

Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3, rc)

Pachycephalosaurus
Amargasaurus
Mamenchisaurus
Tyrannosaurus
Tarbosaurus
Albertasaurus
 */

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class ReverseComparer: IComparer<string>
{
    public int Compare(string x, string y)
    {
        // Compare y and x in reverse order.
        return y.CompareTo(x);
    }
}

public class Example
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        string[] dinosaurs = {"Pachycephalosaurus",
                              "Amargasaurus",
                              "Mamenchisaurus",
                              "Tarbosaurus",
                              "Tyrannosaurus",
                              "Albertasaurus"};

        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach( string dinosaur in dinosaurs )
        {
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
        }

        Console.WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, 3, 3)");
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3);

        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach( string dinosaur in dinosaurs )
        {
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
        }

        ReverseComparer rc = new ReverseComparer();

        Console.WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, 3, 3, rc)");
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3, rc);

        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach( string dinosaur in dinosaurs )
        {
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
        }
    }
}

/* This code example produces the following output:

Pachycephalosaurus
Amargasaurus
Mamenchisaurus
Tarbosaurus
Tyrannosaurus
Albertasaurus

Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3)

Pachycephalosaurus
Amargasaurus
Mamenchisaurus
Albertasaurus
Tarbosaurus
Tyrannosaurus

Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3, rc)

Pachycephalosaurus
Amargasaurus
Mamenchisaurus
Tyrannosaurus
Tarbosaurus
Albertasaurus
 */

open System
open System.Collections.Generic

type ReverseComparer() =
    interface  IComparer<string> with
        member _.Compare(x, y) =
            y.CompareTo x

let dinosaurs = 
    [| "Pachycephalosaurus"
       "Amargasaurus"
       "Mamenchisaurus"
       "Tarbosaurus"
       "Tyrannosaurus"
       "Albertasaurus" |]

printfn ""
for dino in dinosaurs do
    printfn $"{dino}"

printfn "\nSort(dinosaurs, 3, 3)"
Array.Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3)

printfn ""
for dino in dinosaurs do
    printfn $"{dino}"

let rc = ReverseComparer()

printfn "\nSort(dinosaurs, 3, 3, rc)"
Array.Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3, rc)

printfn ""
for dino in dinosaurs do
    printfn $"{dino}"


// This code example produces the following output:
//
//    Pachycephalosaurus
//    Amargasaurus
//    Mamenchisaurus
//    Tarbosaurus
//    Tyrannosaurus
//    Albertasaurus
//    
//    Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3)
//    
//    Pachycephalosaurus
//    Amargasaurus
//    Mamenchisaurus
//    Albertasaurus
//    Tarbosaurus
//    Tyrannosaurus
//    
//    Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3, rc)
//    
//    Pachycephalosaurus
//    Amargasaurus
//    Mamenchisaurus
//    Tyrannosaurus
//    Tarbosaurus
//    Albertasaurus

Imports System.Collections.Generic

Public Class ReverseComparer
    Implements IComparer(Of String)

    Public Function Compare(ByVal x As String, _
        ByVal y As String) As Integer _
        Implements IComparer(Of String).Compare

        ' Compare y and x in reverse order.
        Return y.CompareTo(x)

    End Function
End Class

Public Class Example

    Public Shared Sub Main()

        Dim dinosaurs() As String = { _
            "Pachycephalosaurus", _
            "Amargasaurus", _
            "Mamenchisaurus", _
            "Tarbosaurus", _
            "Tyrannosaurus", _
            "Albertasaurus"  }

        Console.WriteLine()
        For Each dinosaur As String In dinosaurs
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur)
        Next

        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3)")
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3)

        Console.WriteLine()
        For Each dinosaur As String In dinosaurs
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur)
        Next

        Dim rc As New ReverseComparer()

        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3, rc)")
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3, rc)

        Console.WriteLine()
        For Each dinosaur As String In dinosaurs
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur)
        Next

    End Sub

End Class

' This code example produces the following output:
'
'Pachycephalosaurus
'Amargasaurus
'Mamenchisaurus
'Tarbosaurus
'Tyrannosaurus
'Albertasaurus
'
'Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3)
'
'Pachycephalosaurus
'Amargasaurus
'Mamenchisaurus
'Albertasaurus
'Tarbosaurus
'Tyrannosaurus
'
'Sort(dinosaurs, 3, 3, rc)
'
'Pachycephalosaurus
'Amargasaurus
'Mamenchisaurus
'Tyrannosaurus
'Tarbosaurus
'Albertasaurus

備註

如果 comparer 是 null，則 array 中指定專案範圍內的每個元素都必須實作 IComparable<T> 泛型介面，才能與 array中的每個其他專案進行比較。

如果排序未順利完成，則結果為未定義。

此方法使用內省排序 （introsort） 演算法，如下所示：

• 如果分割區大小小於或等於16個專案，則會使用 插入排序 演算法。

• 如果分割區數目超過 2 * Log^N，其中 N 是輸入數位的範圍，則會使用 Heapsort 演算法。

• 否則，它會使用 Quicksort 演算法。

此實作會執行不穩定的排序;也就是說，如果兩個元素相等，則可能不會保留其順序。 相反地，穩定的排序會保留相等項目的順序。

這個方法是 O（n 記錄 n）作業，其中 nlength。

給呼叫者的注意事項

.NET Framework 4 和舊版只使用 Quicksort 演算法。 在排序作業擲回 IndexOutOfRangeException 例外狀況，並將 ArgumentException 例外狀況擲回給呼叫者的情況下，Quicksort 會識別無效的比較子。 從 .NET Framework 4.5 開始，先前擲回 ArgumentException 的排序作業可能不會擲回例外狀況，因為插入排序和堆積分類演算法不會偵測到無效的比較子。 在大部分情況下，這適用於小於或等於16個專案的陣列。

另請參閱

• IComparer<T>
• IComparable<T>
• BinarySearch
• 在陣列 中執行 Culture-Insensitive 字串作業

Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], Int32, Int32, IComparer<TKey>)

來源:

Array.cs

根據使用指定 IComparer<T> 泛型介面的第一個 Array 索引鍵，排序一組 Array 物件中的元素範圍（一個包含索引鍵，另一個包含對應的專案）。

public:
generic <typename TKey, typename TValue>
 static void Sort(cli::array <TKey> ^ keys, cli::array <TValue> ^ items, int index, int length, System::Collections::Generic::IComparer<TKey> ^ comparer);

public static void Sort<TKey,TValue> (TKey[] keys, TValue[]? items, int index, int length, System.Collections.Generic.IComparer<TKey>? comparer);

static member Sort : 'Key[] * 'Value[] * int * int * System.Collections.Generic.IComparer<'Key> -> unit

Public Shared Sub Sort(Of TKey, TValue) (keys As TKey(), items As TValue(), index As Integer, length As Integer, comparer As IComparer(Of TKey))

類型參數

TKey

索引鍵陣列專案的型別。

TValue

項目陣列的專案型別。

參數

keys

TKey[]

包含要排序之索引鍵的一維、以零起始的 Array。

items

TValue[]

一維、以零起始的 Array，其中包含對應至 keys中索引鍵的專案，或 null 只排序 keys。

index

Int32

要排序之範圍的起始索引。

length

Int32

要排序之範圍中的項目數目。

comparer

IComparer<TKey>

比較專案時要使用的 IComparer<T> 泛型介面實作，或 null 使用每個專案的 IComparable<T> 泛型介面實作。

例外狀況

ArgumentNullException

keys null。

ArgumentOutOfRangeException

index 小於 keys的下限。

-或-

length 小於零。

ArgumentException

items 不是 null，而 keys 的下限與 items的下限不相符。

-或-

items 不是 null，而且 keys 長度大於 items長度。

-或-

index 和 length 未在 keysArray中指定有效的範圍。

-或-

items 不是 null，index 和 length 未在 itemsArray中指定有效的範圍。

-或-

comparer 的實作在排序期間造成錯誤。 例如，在比較專案與本身時，comparer 可能不會傳回 0。

InvalidOperationException

comparer 是 null，而且 keysArray 中的一或多個元素不會實作 IComparable<T> 泛型介面。

範例

下列程式代碼範例示範 Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[])、Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], IComparer<TKey>)、Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], Int32, Int32)和 Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], Int32, Int32, IComparer<TKey>) 泛型方法多載，以排序代表索引鍵和值的陣列組。

程序代碼範例會為名為 ReverseCompare的字串定義替代比較子，其會實作visual Basic中的 IComparer<string>（IComparer(Of String)，在Visual C++ 中為 IComparer<String^>） 泛型介面。 比較子會呼叫 CompareTo(String) 方法，反轉比較子的順序，讓字元串排序高到低，而不是低到高。

程式代碼範例會建立並顯示恐龍名稱陣列（索引鍵）和整數陣列，代表每隻恐龍以公尺為單位的最大長度（值）。 然後，陣列會排序並顯示數次：

• Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[]) 多載可用來排序這兩個陣列，以第一個陣列中的恐龍名稱順序排序。

• Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], IComparer<TKey>) 多載和 ReverseCompare 的實例可用來反轉配對陣列的排序順序。

• Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], Int32, Int32) 多載可用來排序這兩個陣列的最後三個專案。

• Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], Int32, Int32, IComparer<TKey>) 多載是用來以反向順序排序這兩個陣列的最後三個專案。

注意

泛型方法的呼叫與其非泛型方法的呼叫看起來並無不同，因為Visual Basic、C# 和 C++推斷前兩個自變數類型中泛型型別參數的類型。 如果您使用 Ildasm.exe （IL 反組譯器） 來檢查Microsoft中繼語言 （MSIL），您可以看到正在呼叫泛型方法。

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections::Generic;

public ref class ReverseComparer: IComparer<String^>
{
public:
    virtual int Compare(String^ x, String^ y)
    {
        // Compare y and x in reverse order.
        return y->CompareTo(x);
    }
};

void main()
{
    array<String^>^ dinosaurs = {
            "Seismosaurus", 
            "Chasmosaurus", 
            "Coelophysis", 
            "Mamenchisaurus", 
            "Caudipteryx", 
            "Cetiosaurus"  };

    array<int>^ dinosaurSizes = { 40, 5, 3, 22, 1, 18 };

    Console::WriteLine();
    for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs->Length; i++)
    {
        Console::WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", 
            dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
    }

    Console::WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)");
    Array::Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes);

    Console::WriteLine();
    for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs->Length; i++)
    {
        Console::WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", 
            dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
    }

    ReverseComparer^ rc = gcnew ReverseComparer();

    Console::WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)");
    Array::Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc);

    Console::WriteLine();
    for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs->Length; i++)
    {
        Console::WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", 
            dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
    }

    Console::WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)");
    Array::Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3);

    Console::WriteLine();
    for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs->Length; i++)
    {
        Console::WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", 
            dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
    }

    Console::WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)");
    Array::Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc);

    Console::WriteLine();
    for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs->Length; i++)
    {
        Console::WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", 
            dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
    }
}

/* This code example produces the following output:

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)

Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
 */

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class ReverseComparer: IComparer<string>
{
    public int Compare(string x, string y)
    {
        // Compare y and x in reverse order.
        return y.CompareTo(x);
    }
}

public class Example
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        string[] dinosaurs = {
            "Seismosaurus",
            "Chasmosaurus",
            "Coelophysis",
            "Mamenchisaurus",
            "Caudipteryx",
            "Cetiosaurus"  };

        int[] dinosaurSizes = { 40, 5, 3, 22, 1, 18 };

        Console.WriteLine();
        for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs.Length; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.",
                dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
        }

        Console.WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)");
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes);

        Console.WriteLine();
        for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs.Length; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.",
                dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
        }

        ReverseComparer rc = new ReverseComparer();

        Console.WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)");
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc);

        Console.WriteLine();
        for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs.Length; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.",
                dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
        }

        Console.WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)");
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3);

        Console.WriteLine();
        for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs.Length; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.",
                dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
        }

        Console.WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)");
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc);

        Console.WriteLine();
        for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs.Length; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.",
                dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
        }
    }
}

/* This code example produces the following output:

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)

Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
 */

open System
open System.Collections.Generic

type ReverseComparer() =
    interface IComparer<string> with
        member _.Compare(x, y) =
            y.CompareTo x

let dinosaurs =
    [| "Seismosaurus"
       "Chasmosaurus"
       "Coelophysis"
       "Mamenchisaurus"
       "Caudipteryx"
       "Cetiosaurus" |]

let dinosaurSizes = [| 40; 5; 3; 22; 1; 18 |]

printfn ""
for i = 0 to dinosaurs.Length - 1 do
    printfn $"{dinosaurs[i]}: up to {dinosaurSizes[i]} meters long."

printfn "\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)"
Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)

printfn ""
for i = 0 to dinosaurs.Length - 1 do
    printfn $"{dinosaurs[i]}: up to {dinosaurSizes[i]} meters long."

let rc = ReverseComparer()

printfn "\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)"
Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)

printfn ""
for i = 0 to dinosaurs.Length - 1 do
    printfn $"{dinosaurs[i]}: up to {dinosaurSizes[i]} meters long."

printfn "\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)"
Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)

printfn ""
for i = 0 to dinosaurs.Length - 1 do
    printfn $"{dinosaurs[i]}: up to {dinosaurSizes[i]} meters long."

printfn "\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)"
Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)

printfn ""
for i = 0 to dinosaurs.Length - 1 do
    printfn $"{dinosaurs[i]}: up to {dinosaurSizes[i]} meters long."

// This code example produces the following output:
//
//    Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
//    Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
//    Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
//    Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
//    Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
//    Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
//    
//    Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)
//    
//    Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
//    Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
//    Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
//    Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
//    Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
//    Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
//    
//    Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)
//    
//    Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
//    Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
//    Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
//    Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
//    Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
//    Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
//    
//    Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)
//    
//    Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
//    Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
//    Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
//    Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
//    Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
//    Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
//    
//    Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)
//    
//    Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
//    Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
//    Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
//    Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
//    Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
//    Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.

Imports System.Collections.Generic

Public Class ReverseComparer
    Implements IComparer(Of String)

    Public Function Compare(ByVal x As String, _
        ByVal y As String) As Integer _
        Implements IComparer(Of String).Compare

        ' Compare y and x in reverse order.
        Return y.CompareTo(x)

    End Function
End Class

Public Class Example

    Public Shared Sub Main()

        Dim dinosaurs() As String = { _
            "Seismosaurus", _
            "Chasmosaurus", _
            "Coelophysis", _
            "Mamenchisaurus", _
            "Caudipteryx", _
            "Cetiosaurus"  }

        Dim dinosaurSizes() As Integer = { 40, 5, 3, 22, 1, 18 }

        Console.WriteLine()
        For i As Integer = 0 To dinosaurs.Length - 1
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", _
                dinosaurs(i), dinosaurSizes(i))
        Next

        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & _
            "Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)")
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)

        Console.WriteLine()
        For i As Integer = 0 To dinosaurs.Length - 1
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", _
                dinosaurs(i), dinosaurSizes(i))
        Next

        Dim rc As New ReverseComparer()

        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & _
            "Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)")
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)

        Console.WriteLine()
        For i As Integer = 0 To dinosaurs.Length - 1
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", _
                dinosaurs(i), dinosaurSizes(i))
        Next

        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & _
            "Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)")
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)

        Console.WriteLine()
        For i As Integer = 0 To dinosaurs.Length - 1
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", _
                dinosaurs(i), dinosaurSizes(i))
        Next

        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & _
            "Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)")
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)

        Console.WriteLine()
        For i As Integer = 0 To dinosaurs.Length - 1
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", _
                dinosaurs(i), dinosaurSizes(i))
        Next

    End Sub

End Class

' This code example produces the following output:
'
'Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
'Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
'Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
'Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
'Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
'Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
'
'Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)
'
'Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
'Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
'Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
'Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
'Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
'Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
'
'Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)
'
'Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
'Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
'Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
'Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
'Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
'Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
'
'Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)
'
'Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
'Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
'Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
'Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
'Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
'Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
'
'Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)
'
'Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
'Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
'Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
'Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
'Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
'Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.

備註

keys Array 中的每個索引鍵在 itemsArray中都有對應的專案。 當索引鍵在排序期間重新定位時，itemsArray 中的對應項目同樣會重新置放。 因此，itemsArray 會根據 keysArray中對應索引鍵的排列方式排序。

如果 comparer 是 null，則 keysArray 中指定專案範圍內的每個索引鍵都必須實作 IComparable<T> 泛型介面，才能與其他索引鍵進行比較。

如果項目超過索引鍵，您可以排序，但是沒有對應索引鍵的專案將不會排序。 如果索引鍵超過專案，則無法排序;這樣做會擲回 ArgumentException。

如果排序未順利完成，則結果為未定義。

此方法使用內省排序 （introsort） 演算法，如下所示：

• 如果分割區大小小於或等於16個專案，則會使用 插入排序 演算法。

• 如果分割區數目超過 2 * Log^N，其中 N 是輸入數位的範圍，則會使用 Heapsort 演算法。

• 否則，它會使用 Quicksort 演算法。

此實作會執行不穩定的排序;也就是說，如果兩個元素相等，則可能不會保留其順序。 相反地，穩定的排序會保留相等項目的順序。

這個方法是 O（n 記錄 n）作業，其中 nlength。

給呼叫者的注意事項

.NET Framework 4 和舊版只使用 Quicksort 演算法。 在排序作業擲回 IndexOutOfRangeException 例外狀況，並將 ArgumentException 例外狀況擲回給呼叫者的情況下，Quicksort 會識別無效的比較子。 從 .NET Framework 4.5 開始，先前擲回 ArgumentException 的排序作業可能不會擲回例外狀況，因為插入排序和堆積分類演算法不會偵測到無效的比較子。 在大部分情況下，這適用於小於或等於16個專案的陣列。

另請參閱

• IComparer<T>
• IComparable<T>
• BinarySearch
• 在陣列 中執行 Culture-Insensitive 字串作業

Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[])

來源:

Array.cs

使用每個索引鍵的 IComparable<T> 泛型介面實作，根據第一個 Array 中的索引鍵，排序一組 Array 物件（一個包含索引鍵，另一個包含對應的專案）。

public:
generic <typename TKey, typename TValue>
 static void Sort(cli::array <TKey> ^ keys, cli::array <TValue> ^ items);

public static void Sort<TKey,TValue> (TKey[] keys, TValue[]? items);

static member Sort : 'Key[] * 'Value[] -> unit

Public Shared Sub Sort(Of TKey, TValue) (keys As TKey(), items As TValue())

類型參數

TKey

索引鍵陣列專案的型別。

TValue

項目陣列的專案型別。

參數

keys

TKey[]

包含要排序之索引鍵的一維、以零起始的 Array。

items

TValue[]

一維、以零起始的 Array，其中包含對應至 keys中索引鍵的專案，或 null 只排序 keys。

例外狀況

ArgumentNullException

keys null。

ArgumentException

items 不是 null，而 keys 的下限與 items的下限不相符。

-或-

items 不是 null，而且 keys 長度大於 items長度。

InvalidOperationException

keys Array 中的一或多個元素不會實作 IComparable<T> 泛型介面。

範例

下列程式代碼範例示範 Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[])、Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], IComparer<TKey>)、Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], Int32, Int32)和 Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], Int32, Int32, IComparer<TKey>) 泛型方法多載，以排序代表索引鍵和值的陣列組。

程式代碼範例會定義名為 ReverseCompare的字串替代比較子，它會實作Visual Basic中的 IComparer<string>（IComparer(Of String)，在Visual C++） 泛型介面中 IComparer<String^>。 比較子會呼叫 CompareTo(String) 方法，反轉比較子的順序，讓字元串排序高到低，而不是低到高。

程式代碼範例會建立並顯示恐龍名稱陣列（索引鍵）和整數陣列，代表每隻恐龍以公尺為單位的最大長度（值）。 然後，陣列會排序並顯示數次：

• Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[]) 多載可用來排序這兩個陣列，以第一個陣列中的恐龍名稱順序排序。

• Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], IComparer<TKey>) 多載和 ReverseCompare 的實例可用來反轉配對陣列的排序順序。

• Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], Int32, Int32) 多載可用來排序這兩個陣列的最後三個專案。

• Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], Int32, Int32, IComparer<TKey>) 多載是用來以反向順序排序這兩個陣列的最後三個專案。

注意

泛型方法的呼叫與其非泛型方法的呼叫看起來並無不同，因為Visual Basic、C# 和 C++推斷前兩個自變數類型中泛型型別參數的類型。 如果您使用 Ildasm.exe （IL 反組譯器） 來檢查Microsoft中繼語言 （MSIL），您可以看到正在呼叫泛型方法。

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections::Generic;

public ref class ReverseComparer: IComparer<String^>
{
public:
    virtual int Compare(String^ x, String^ y)
    {
        // Compare y and x in reverse order.
        return y->CompareTo(x);
    }
};

void main()
{
    array<String^>^ dinosaurs = {
            "Seismosaurus", 
            "Chasmosaurus", 
            "Coelophysis", 
            "Mamenchisaurus", 
            "Caudipteryx", 
            "Cetiosaurus"  };

    array<int>^ dinosaurSizes = { 40, 5, 3, 22, 1, 18 };

    Console::WriteLine();
    for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs->Length; i++)
    {
        Console::WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", 
            dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
    }

    Console::WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)");
    Array::Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes);

    Console::WriteLine();
    for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs->Length; i++)
    {
        Console::WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", 
            dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
    }

    ReverseComparer^ rc = gcnew ReverseComparer();

    Console::WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)");
    Array::Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc);

    Console::WriteLine();
    for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs->Length; i++)
    {
        Console::WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", 
            dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
    }

    Console::WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)");
    Array::Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3);

    Console::WriteLine();
    for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs->Length; i++)
    {
        Console::WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", 
            dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
    }

    Console::WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)");
    Array::Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc);

    Console::WriteLine();
    for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs->Length; i++)
    {
        Console::WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", 
            dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
    }
}

/* This code example produces the following output:

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)

Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
 */

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class ReverseComparer: IComparer<string>
{
    public int Compare(string x, string y)
    {
        // Compare y and x in reverse order.
        return y.CompareTo(x);
    }
}

public class Example
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        string[] dinosaurs = {
            "Seismosaurus",
            "Chasmosaurus",
            "Coelophysis",
            "Mamenchisaurus",
            "Caudipteryx",
            "Cetiosaurus"  };

        int[] dinosaurSizes = { 40, 5, 3, 22, 1, 18 };

        Console.WriteLine();
        for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs.Length; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.",
                dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
        }

        Console.WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)");
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes);

        Console.WriteLine();
        for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs.Length; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.",
                dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
        }

        ReverseComparer rc = new ReverseComparer();

        Console.WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)");
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc);

        Console.WriteLine();
        for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs.Length; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.",
                dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
        }

        Console.WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)");
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3);

        Console.WriteLine();
        for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs.Length; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.",
                dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
        }

        Console.WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)");
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc);

        Console.WriteLine();
        for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs.Length; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.",
                dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
        }
    }
}

/* This code example produces the following output:

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)

Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
 */

open System
open System.Collections.Generic

type ReverseComparer() =
    interface IComparer<string> with
        member _.Compare(x, y) =
            y.CompareTo x

let dinosaurs =
    [| "Seismosaurus"
       "Chasmosaurus"
       "Coelophysis"
       "Mamenchisaurus"
       "Caudipteryx"
       "Cetiosaurus" |]

let dinosaurSizes = [| 40; 5; 3; 22; 1; 18 |]

printfn ""
for i = 0 to dinosaurs.Length - 1 do
    printfn $"{dinosaurs[i]}: up to {dinosaurSizes[i]} meters long."

printfn "\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)"
Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)

printfn ""
for i = 0 to dinosaurs.Length - 1 do
    printfn $"{dinosaurs[i]}: up to {dinosaurSizes[i]} meters long."

let rc = ReverseComparer()

printfn "\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)"
Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)

printfn ""
for i = 0 to dinosaurs.Length - 1 do
    printfn $"{dinosaurs[i]}: up to {dinosaurSizes[i]} meters long."

printfn "\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)"
Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)

printfn ""
for i = 0 to dinosaurs.Length - 1 do
    printfn $"{dinosaurs[i]}: up to {dinosaurSizes[i]} meters long."

printfn "\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)"
Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)

printfn ""
for i = 0 to dinosaurs.Length - 1 do
    printfn $"{dinosaurs[i]}: up to {dinosaurSizes[i]} meters long."

// This code example produces the following output:
//
//    Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
//    Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
//    Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
//    Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
//    Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
//    Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
//    
//    Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)
//    
//    Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
//    Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
//    Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
//    Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
//    Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
//    Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
//    
//    Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)
//    
//    Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
//    Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
//    Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
//    Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
//    Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
//    Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
//    
//    Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)
//    
//    Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
//    Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
//    Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
//    Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
//    Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
//    Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
//    
//    Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)
//    
//    Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
//    Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
//    Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
//    Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
//    Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
//    Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.

Imports System.Collections.Generic

Public Class ReverseComparer
    Implements IComparer(Of String)

    Public Function Compare(ByVal x As String, _
        ByVal y As String) As Integer _
        Implements IComparer(Of String).Compare

        ' Compare y and x in reverse order.
        Return y.CompareTo(x)

    End Function
End Class

Public Class Example

    Public Shared Sub Main()

        Dim dinosaurs() As String = { _
            "Seismosaurus", _
            "Chasmosaurus", _
            "Coelophysis", _
            "Mamenchisaurus", _
            "Caudipteryx", _
            "Cetiosaurus"  }

        Dim dinosaurSizes() As Integer = { 40, 5, 3, 22, 1, 18 }

        Console.WriteLine()
        For i As Integer = 0 To dinosaurs.Length - 1
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", _
                dinosaurs(i), dinosaurSizes(i))
        Next

        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & _
            "Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)")
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)

        Console.WriteLine()
        For i As Integer = 0 To dinosaurs.Length - 1
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", _
                dinosaurs(i), dinosaurSizes(i))
        Next

        Dim rc As New ReverseComparer()

        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & _
            "Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)")
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)

        Console.WriteLine()
        For i As Integer = 0 To dinosaurs.Length - 1
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", _
                dinosaurs(i), dinosaurSizes(i))
        Next

        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & _
            "Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)")
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)

        Console.WriteLine()
        For i As Integer = 0 To dinosaurs.Length - 1
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", _
                dinosaurs(i), dinosaurSizes(i))
        Next

        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & _
            "Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)")
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)

        Console.WriteLine()
        For i As Integer = 0 To dinosaurs.Length - 1
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", _
                dinosaurs(i), dinosaurSizes(i))
        Next

    End Sub

End Class

' This code example produces the following output:
'
'Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
'Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
'Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
'Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
'Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
'Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
'
'Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)
'
'Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
'Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
'Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
'Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
'Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
'Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
'
'Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)
'
'Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
'Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
'Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
'Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
'Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
'Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
'
'Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)
'
'Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
'Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
'Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
'Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
'Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
'Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
'
'Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)
'
'Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
'Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
'Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
'Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
'Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
'Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.

備註

keys Array 中的每個索引鍵在 itemsArray中都有對應的專案。 當索引鍵在排序期間重新定位時，itemsArray 中的對應項目同樣會重新置放。 因此，itemsArray 會根據 keysArray中對應索引鍵的排列方式排序。

keys Array 中的每個索引鍵都必須實作 IComparable<T> 泛型介面，才能與其他每個索引鍵進行比較。

如果項目超過索引鍵，您可以排序，但是沒有對應索引鍵的專案將不會排序。 如果索引鍵超過專案，則無法排序;這樣做會擲回 ArgumentException。

如果排序未順利完成，則結果為未定義。

此方法使用內省排序 （introsort） 演算法，如下所示：

• 如果分割區大小小於或等於16個專案，它會使用 插入排序 演算法。

• 如果分割區數目超過 2 * Log^N，其中 N 是輸入數位的範圍，則會使用 Heapsort 演算法。

• 否則，它會使用 Quicksort 演算法。

此實作會執行不穩定的排序;也就是說，如果兩個元素相等，則可能不會保留其順序。 相反地，穩定的排序會保留相等項目的順序。

這個方法是 O（n 記錄 n）作業，其中 n 是 array的 Length。

另請參閱

• IComparable<T>
• BinarySearch
• IDictionary<TKey,TValue>
• 在陣列 中執行 Culture-Insensitive 字串作業

Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], IComparer<TKey>)

來源:

Array.cs

使用指定的 IComparer<T> 泛型介面，根據第一個 Array 中的索引鍵，排序一組 Array 物件（一個包含索引鍵，另一個包含對應的專案）。

public:
generic <typename TKey, typename TValue>
 static void Sort(cli::array <TKey> ^ keys, cli::array <TValue> ^ items, System::Collections::Generic::IComparer<TKey> ^ comparer);

public static void Sort<TKey,TValue> (TKey[] keys, TValue[]? items, System.Collections.Generic.IComparer<TKey>? comparer);

static member Sort : 'Key[] * 'Value[] * System.Collections.Generic.IComparer<'Key> -> unit

Public Shared Sub Sort(Of TKey, TValue) (keys As TKey(), items As TValue(), comparer As IComparer(Of TKey))

類型參數

TKey

索引鍵陣列專案的型別。

TValue

項目陣列的專案型別。

參數

keys

TKey[]

包含要排序之索引鍵的一維、以零起始的 Array。

items

TValue[]

一維、以零起始的 Array，其中包含對應至 keys中索引鍵的專案，或 null 只排序 keys。

comparer

IComparer<TKey>

比較專案時要使用的 IComparer<T> 泛型介面實作，或 null 使用每個專案的 IComparable<T> 泛型介面實作。

例外狀況

ArgumentNullException

keys null。

ArgumentException

items 不是 null，而 keys 的下限與 items的下限不相符。

-或-

items 不是 null，而且 keys 長度大於 items長度。

-或-

comparer 的實作在排序期間造成錯誤。 例如，在比較專案與本身時，comparer 可能不會傳回 0。

InvalidOperationException

comparer 是 null，而且 keysArray 中的一或多個元素不會實作 IComparable<T> 泛型介面。

範例

下列程式代碼範例示範 Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[])、[]、Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], IComparer<TKey>)、Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], Int32, Int32)和 Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], Int32, Int32, IComparer<TKey>) 泛型方法多載，以排序代表索引鍵和值的數位列件。

程式代碼範例會定義名為 ReverseCompare的字串替代比較子，它會實作Visual Basic中的 IComparer<string>（IComparer(Of String)，在Visual C++） 泛型介面中 IComparer<String^>。 比較子會呼叫 CompareTo(String) 方法，反轉比較子的順序，讓字元串排序高到低，而不是低到高。

程式代碼範例會建立並顯示恐龍名稱陣列（索引鍵）和整數陣列，代表每隻恐龍以公尺為單位的最大長度（值）。 然後，陣列會排序並顯示數次：

• Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[]) 多載可用來排序這兩個陣列，以第一個陣列中的恐龍名稱順序排序。

• Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], IComparer<TKey>) 多載和 ReverseCompare 的實例可用來反轉配對陣列的排序順序。

• Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], Int32, Int32) 多載可用來排序這兩個陣列的最後三個專案。

• Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], Int32, Int32, IComparer<TKey>) 多載是用來以反向順序排序這兩個陣列的最後三個專案。

注意

泛型方法的呼叫與其非泛型方法的呼叫看起來並無不同，因為Visual Basic、C# 和 C++推斷前兩個自變數類型中泛型型別參數的類型。 如果您使用 Ildasm.exe （IL 反組譯器） 來檢查Microsoft中繼語言 （MSIL），您可以看到正在呼叫泛型方法。

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections::Generic;

public ref class ReverseComparer: IComparer<String^>
{
public:
    virtual int Compare(String^ x, String^ y)
    {
        // Compare y and x in reverse order.
        return y->CompareTo(x);
    }
};

void main()
{
    array<String^>^ dinosaurs = {
            "Seismosaurus", 
            "Chasmosaurus", 
            "Coelophysis", 
            "Mamenchisaurus", 
            "Caudipteryx", 
            "Cetiosaurus"  };

    array<int>^ dinosaurSizes = { 40, 5, 3, 22, 1, 18 };

    Console::WriteLine();
    for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs->Length; i++)
    {
        Console::WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", 
            dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
    }

    Console::WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)");
    Array::Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes);

    Console::WriteLine();
    for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs->Length; i++)
    {
        Console::WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", 
            dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
    }

    ReverseComparer^ rc = gcnew ReverseComparer();

    Console::WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)");
    Array::Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc);

    Console::WriteLine();
    for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs->Length; i++)
    {
        Console::WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", 
            dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
    }

    Console::WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)");
    Array::Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3);

    Console::WriteLine();
    for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs->Length; i++)
    {
        Console::WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", 
            dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
    }

    Console::WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)");
    Array::Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc);

    Console::WriteLine();
    for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs->Length; i++)
    {
        Console::WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", 
            dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
    }
}

/* This code example produces the following output:

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)

Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
 */

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class ReverseComparer: IComparer<string>
{
    public int Compare(string x, string y)
    {
        // Compare y and x in reverse order.
        return y.CompareTo(x);
    }
}

public class Example
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        string[] dinosaurs = {
            "Seismosaurus",
            "Chasmosaurus",
            "Coelophysis",
            "Mamenchisaurus",
            "Caudipteryx",
            "Cetiosaurus"  };

        int[] dinosaurSizes = { 40, 5, 3, 22, 1, 18 };

        Console.WriteLine();
        for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs.Length; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.",
                dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
        }

        Console.WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)");
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes);

        Console.WriteLine();
        for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs.Length; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.",
                dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
        }

        ReverseComparer rc = new ReverseComparer();

        Console.WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)");
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc);

        Console.WriteLine();
        for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs.Length; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.",
                dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
        }

        Console.WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)");
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3);

        Console.WriteLine();
        for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs.Length; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.",
                dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
        }

        Console.WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)");
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc);

        Console.WriteLine();
        for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs.Length; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.",
                dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
        }
    }
}

/* This code example produces the following output:

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)

Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
 */

open System
open System.Collections.Generic

type ReverseComparer() =
    interface IComparer<string> with
        member _.Compare(x, y) =
            y.CompareTo x

let dinosaurs =
    [| "Seismosaurus"
       "Chasmosaurus"
       "Coelophysis"
       "Mamenchisaurus"
       "Caudipteryx"
       "Cetiosaurus" |]

let dinosaurSizes = [| 40; 5; 3; 22; 1; 18 |]

printfn ""
for i = 0 to dinosaurs.Length - 1 do
    printfn $"{dinosaurs[i]}: up to {dinosaurSizes[i]} meters long."

printfn "\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)"
Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)

printfn ""
for i = 0 to dinosaurs.Length - 1 do
    printfn $"{dinosaurs[i]}: up to {dinosaurSizes[i]} meters long."

let rc = ReverseComparer()

printfn "\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)"
Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)

printfn ""
for i = 0 to dinosaurs.Length - 1 do
    printfn $"{dinosaurs[i]}: up to {dinosaurSizes[i]} meters long."

printfn "\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)"
Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)

printfn ""
for i = 0 to dinosaurs.Length - 1 do
    printfn $"{dinosaurs[i]}: up to {dinosaurSizes[i]} meters long."

printfn "\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)"
Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)

printfn ""
for i = 0 to dinosaurs.Length - 1 do
    printfn $"{dinosaurs[i]}: up to {dinosaurSizes[i]} meters long."

// This code example produces the following output:
//
//    Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
//    Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
//    Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
//    Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
//    Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
//    Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
//    
//    Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)
//    
//    Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
//    Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
//    Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
//    Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
//    Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
//    Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
//    
//    Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)
//    
//    Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
//    Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
//    Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
//    Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
//    Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
//    Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
//    
//    Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)
//    
//    Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
//    Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
//    Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
//    Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
//    Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
//    Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
//    
//    Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)
//    
//    Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
//    Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
//    Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
//    Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
//    Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
//    Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.

Imports System.Collections.Generic

Public Class ReverseComparer
    Implements IComparer(Of String)

    Public Function Compare(ByVal x As String, _
        ByVal y As String) As Integer _
        Implements IComparer(Of String).Compare

        ' Compare y and x in reverse order.
        Return y.CompareTo(x)

    End Function
End Class

Public Class Example

    Public Shared Sub Main()

        Dim dinosaurs() As String = { _
            "Seismosaurus", _
            "Chasmosaurus", _
            "Coelophysis", _
            "Mamenchisaurus", _
            "Caudipteryx", _
            "Cetiosaurus"  }

        Dim dinosaurSizes() As Integer = { 40, 5, 3, 22, 1, 18 }

        Console.WriteLine()
        For i As Integer = 0 To dinosaurs.Length - 1
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", _
                dinosaurs(i), dinosaurSizes(i))
        Next

        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & _
            "Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)")
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)

        Console.WriteLine()
        For i As Integer = 0 To dinosaurs.Length - 1
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", _
                dinosaurs(i), dinosaurSizes(i))
        Next

        Dim rc As New ReverseComparer()

        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & _
            "Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)")
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)

        Console.WriteLine()
        For i As Integer = 0 To dinosaurs.Length - 1
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", _
                dinosaurs(i), dinosaurSizes(i))
        Next

        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & _
            "Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)")
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)

        Console.WriteLine()
        For i As Integer = 0 To dinosaurs.Length - 1
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", _
                dinosaurs(i), dinosaurSizes(i))
        Next

        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & _
            "Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)")
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)

        Console.WriteLine()
        For i As Integer = 0 To dinosaurs.Length - 1
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", _
                dinosaurs(i), dinosaurSizes(i))
        Next

    End Sub

End Class

' This code example produces the following output:
'
'Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
'Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
'Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
'Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
'Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
'Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
'
'Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)
'
'Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
'Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
'Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
'Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
'Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
'Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
'
'Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)
'
'Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
'Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
'Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
'Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
'Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
'Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
'
'Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)
'
'Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
'Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
'Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
'Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
'Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
'Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
'
'Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)
'
'Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
'Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
'Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
'Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
'Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
'Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.

備註

keys Array 中的每個索引鍵在 itemsArray中都有對應的專案。 當索引鍵在排序期間重新定位時，itemsArray 中的對應項目同樣會重新置放。 因此，itemsArray 會根據 keysArray中對應索引鍵的排列方式排序。

如果 comparernull，則 keysArray 中的每個索引鍵都必須實作 IComparable<T> 泛型介面，才能與其他每個索引鍵進行比較。

如果項目超過索引鍵，您可以排序，但是沒有對應索引鍵的專案將不會排序。 如果索引鍵超過專案，則無法排序;這樣做會擲回 ArgumentException。

如果排序未順利完成，則結果為未定義。

此方法使用內省排序 （introsort） 演算法，如下所示：

• 如果分割區大小小於或等於16個專案，則會使用 插入排序 演算法。

• 如果分割區數目超過 2 * Log^N，其中 N 是輸入數位的範圍，則會使用 Heapsort 演算法。

• 否則，它會使用 Quicksort 演算法。

此實作會執行不穩定的排序;也就是說，如果兩個元素相等，則可能不會保留其順序。 相反地，穩定的排序會保留相等項目的順序。

這個方法是 O（n 記錄 n）作業，其中 n 是 array的 Length。

給呼叫者的注意事項

.NET Framework 4 和舊版只使用 Quicksort 演算法。 在排序作業擲回 IndexOutOfRangeException 例外狀況，並將 ArgumentException 例外狀況擲回給呼叫者的情況下，Quicksort 會識別無效的比較子。 從 .NET Framework 4.5 開始，先前擲回 ArgumentException 的排序作業可能不會擲回例外狀況，因為插入排序和堆積分類演算法不會偵測到無效的比較子。 在大部分情況下，這適用於小於或等於16個專案的陣列。

另請參閱

• IComparer<T>
• IComparable<T>
• BinarySearch
• 在陣列 中執行 Culture-Insensitive 字串作業

Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], Int32, Int32)

來源:

Array.cs

根據 Array 使用每個索引鍵的 IComparable<T> 泛型介面實作，排序一組 Array 物件中的元素範圍（一個包含索引鍵，另一個包含對應的專案）。

public:
generic <typename TKey, typename TValue>
 static void Sort(cli::array <TKey> ^ keys, cli::array <TValue> ^ items, int index, int length);

public static void Sort<TKey,TValue> (TKey[] keys, TValue[]? items, int index, int length);

static member Sort : 'Key[] * 'Value[] * int * int -> unit

Public Shared Sub Sort(Of TKey, TValue) (keys As TKey(), items As TValue(), index As Integer, length As Integer)

類型參數

TKey

索引鍵陣列專案的型別。

TValue

項目陣列的專案型別。

參數

keys

TKey[]

包含要排序之索引鍵的一維、以零起始的 Array。

items

TValue[]

一維、以零起始的 Array，其中包含對應至 keys中索引鍵的專案，或 null 只排序 keys。

index

Int32

要排序之範圍的起始索引。

length

Int32

要排序之範圍中的項目數目。

例外狀況

ArgumentNullException

keys null。

ArgumentOutOfRangeException

index 小於 keys的下限。

-或-

length 小於零。

ArgumentException

items 不是 null，而 keys 的下限與 items的下限不相符。

-或-

items 不是 null，而且 keys 長度大於 items長度。

-或-

index 和 length 未在 keysArray中指定有效的範圍。

-或-

items 不是 null，index 和 length 未在 itemsArray中指定有效的範圍。

InvalidOperationException

keys Array 中的一或多個元素不會實作 IComparable<T> 泛型介面。

範例

下列程式代碼範例示範 Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[])、Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], IComparer<TKey>)、Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], Int32, Int32)和 Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], Int32, Int32, IComparer<TKey>) 泛型方法多載，以排序代表索引鍵和值的陣列組。

程式代碼範例會定義名為 ReverseCompare的字串替代比較子，它會實作Visual Basic中的 IComparer<string>（IComparer(Of String)，在Visual C++） 泛型介面中 IComparer<String^>。 比較子會呼叫 CompareTo(String) 方法，反轉比較子的順序，讓字元串排序高到低，而不是低到高。

程式代碼範例會建立並顯示恐龍名稱陣列（索引鍵）和整數陣列，代表每隻恐龍以公尺為單位的最大長度（值）。 然後，陣列會排序並顯示數次：

• Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[]) 多載可用來排序這兩個陣列，以第一個陣列中的恐龍名稱順序排序。

• Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], IComparer<TKey>) 多載和 ReverseCompare 的實例可用來反轉配對陣列的排序順序。

• Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], Int32, Int32) 多載可用來排序這兩個陣列的最後三個專案。

• Sort<TKey,TValue>(TKey[], TValue[], Int32, Int32, IComparer<TKey>) 多載是用來以反向順序排序這兩個陣列的最後三個專案。

注意

泛型方法的呼叫與其非泛型方法的呼叫看起來並無不同，因為Visual Basic、C# 和 C++推斷前兩個自變數類型中泛型型別參數的類型。 如果您使用 Ildasm.exe （IL 反組譯器） 來檢查Microsoft中繼語言 （MSIL），您可以看到正在呼叫泛型方法。

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections::Generic;

public ref class ReverseComparer: IComparer<String^>
{
public:
    virtual int Compare(String^ x, String^ y)
    {
        // Compare y and x in reverse order.
        return y->CompareTo(x);
    }
};

void main()
{
    array<String^>^ dinosaurs = {
            "Seismosaurus", 
            "Chasmosaurus", 
            "Coelophysis", 
            "Mamenchisaurus", 
            "Caudipteryx", 
            "Cetiosaurus"  };

    array<int>^ dinosaurSizes = { 40, 5, 3, 22, 1, 18 };

    Console::WriteLine();
    for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs->Length; i++)
    {
        Console::WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", 
            dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
    }

    Console::WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)");
    Array::Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes);

    Console::WriteLine();
    for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs->Length; i++)
    {
        Console::WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", 
            dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
    }

    ReverseComparer^ rc = gcnew ReverseComparer();

    Console::WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)");
    Array::Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc);

    Console::WriteLine();
    for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs->Length; i++)
    {
        Console::WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", 
            dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
    }

    Console::WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)");
    Array::Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3);

    Console::WriteLine();
    for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs->Length; i++)
    {
        Console::WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", 
            dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
    }

    Console::WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)");
    Array::Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc);

    Console::WriteLine();
    for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs->Length; i++)
    {
        Console::WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", 
            dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
    }
}

/* This code example produces the following output:

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)

Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
 */

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class ReverseComparer: IComparer<string>
{
    public int Compare(string x, string y)
    {
        // Compare y and x in reverse order.
        return y.CompareTo(x);
    }
}

public class Example
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        string[] dinosaurs = {
            "Seismosaurus",
            "Chasmosaurus",
            "Coelophysis",
            "Mamenchisaurus",
            "Caudipteryx",
            "Cetiosaurus"  };

        int[] dinosaurSizes = { 40, 5, 3, 22, 1, 18 };

        Console.WriteLine();
        for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs.Length; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.",
                dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
        }

        Console.WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)");
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes);

        Console.WriteLine();
        for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs.Length; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.",
                dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
        }

        ReverseComparer rc = new ReverseComparer();

        Console.WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)");
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc);

        Console.WriteLine();
        for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs.Length; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.",
                dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
        }

        Console.WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)");
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3);

        Console.WriteLine();
        for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs.Length; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.",
                dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
        }

        Console.WriteLine("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)");
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc);

        Console.WriteLine();
        for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs.Length; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.",
                dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]);
        }
    }
}

/* This code example produces the following output:

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)

Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
 */

open System
open System.Collections.Generic

type ReverseComparer() =
    interface IComparer<string> with
        member _.Compare(x, y) =
            y.CompareTo x

let dinosaurs =
    [| "Seismosaurus"
       "Chasmosaurus"
       "Coelophysis"
       "Mamenchisaurus"
       "Caudipteryx"
       "Cetiosaurus" |]

let dinosaurSizes = [| 40; 5; 3; 22; 1; 18 |]

printfn ""
for i = 0 to dinosaurs.Length - 1 do
    printfn $"{dinosaurs[i]}: up to {dinosaurSizes[i]} meters long."

printfn "\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)"
Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)

printfn ""
for i = 0 to dinosaurs.Length - 1 do
    printfn $"{dinosaurs[i]}: up to {dinosaurSizes[i]} meters long."

let rc = ReverseComparer()

printfn "\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)"
Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)

printfn ""
for i = 0 to dinosaurs.Length - 1 do
    printfn $"{dinosaurs[i]}: up to {dinosaurSizes[i]} meters long."

printfn "\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)"
Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)

printfn ""
for i = 0 to dinosaurs.Length - 1 do
    printfn $"{dinosaurs[i]}: up to {dinosaurSizes[i]} meters long."

printfn "\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)"
Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)

printfn ""
for i = 0 to dinosaurs.Length - 1 do
    printfn $"{dinosaurs[i]}: up to {dinosaurSizes[i]} meters long."

// This code example produces the following output:
//
//    Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
//    Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
//    Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
//    Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
//    Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
//    Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
//    
//    Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)
//    
//    Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
//    Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
//    Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
//    Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
//    Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
//    Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
//    
//    Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)
//    
//    Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
//    Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
//    Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
//    Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
//    Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
//    Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
//    
//    Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)
//    
//    Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
//    Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
//    Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
//    Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
//    Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
//    Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
//    
//    Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)
//    
//    Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
//    Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
//    Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
//    Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
//    Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
//    Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.

Imports System.Collections.Generic

Public Class ReverseComparer
    Implements IComparer(Of String)

    Public Function Compare(ByVal x As String, _
        ByVal y As String) As Integer _
        Implements IComparer(Of String).Compare

        ' Compare y and x in reverse order.
        Return y.CompareTo(x)

    End Function
End Class

Public Class Example

    Public Shared Sub Main()

        Dim dinosaurs() As String = { _
            "Seismosaurus", _
            "Chasmosaurus", _
            "Coelophysis", _
            "Mamenchisaurus", _
            "Caudipteryx", _
            "Cetiosaurus"  }

        Dim dinosaurSizes() As Integer = { 40, 5, 3, 22, 1, 18 }

        Console.WriteLine()
        For i As Integer = 0 To dinosaurs.Length - 1
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", _
                dinosaurs(i), dinosaurSizes(i))
        Next

        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & _
            "Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)")
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)

        Console.WriteLine()
        For i As Integer = 0 To dinosaurs.Length - 1
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", _
                dinosaurs(i), dinosaurSizes(i))
        Next

        Dim rc As New ReverseComparer()

        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & _
            "Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)")
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)

        Console.WriteLine()
        For i As Integer = 0 To dinosaurs.Length - 1
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", _
                dinosaurs(i), dinosaurSizes(i))
        Next

        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & _
            "Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)")
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)

        Console.WriteLine()
        For i As Integer = 0 To dinosaurs.Length - 1
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", _
                dinosaurs(i), dinosaurSizes(i))
        Next

        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & _
            "Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)")
        Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)

        Console.WriteLine()
        For i As Integer = 0 To dinosaurs.Length - 1
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", _
                dinosaurs(i), dinosaurSizes(i))
        Next

    End Sub

End Class

' This code example produces the following output:
'
'Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
'Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
'Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
'Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
'Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
'Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
'
'Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)
'
'Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
'Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
'Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
'Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
'Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
'Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
'
'Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)
'
'Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
'Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
'Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
'Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
'Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
'Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
'
'Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)
'
'Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
'Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
'Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
'Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
'Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
'Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
'
'Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)
'
'Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
'Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
'Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
'Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
'Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
'Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.

備註

keys Array 中的每個索引鍵在 itemsArray中都有對應的專案。 當索引鍵在排序期間重新定位時，itemsArray 中的對應項目同樣會重新置放。 因此，itemsArray 會根據 keysArray中對應索引鍵的排列方式排序。

keys Array 中指定專案範圍內的每個索引鍵都必須實作 IComparable<T> 泛型介面，才能與其他每個索引鍵進行比較。

如果項目超過索引鍵，您可以排序，但是沒有對應索引鍵的專案將不會排序。 如果索引鍵超過專案，則無法排序;這樣做會擲回 ArgumentException。

如果排序未順利完成，則結果為未定義。

此方法使用內省排序 （introsort） 演算法，如下所示：

• 如果分割區大小小於或等於16個專案，則會使用 插入排序 演算法。

• 如果分割區數目超過 2 * Log^N，其中 N 是輸入數位的範圍，則會使用 Heapsort 演算法。

• 否則，它會使用 Quicksort 演算法。

此實作會執行不穩定的排序;也就是說，如果兩個元素相等，則可能不會保留其順序。 相反地，穩定的排序會保留相等項目的順序。

這個方法是 O（n 記錄 n）作業，其中 nlength。

另請參閱

• IComparable<T>
• BinarySearch
• 在陣列 中執行 Culture-Insensitive 字串作業