Console.ReadLine 方法

參考

定義

命名空間:: System

組件:: System.Console.dll

組件:: mscorlib.dll

組件:: netstandard.dll

來源:: Console.cs

來源:: Console.cs

來源:: Console.cs

重要

部分資訊涉及發行前產品，在發行之前可能會有大幅修改。 Microsoft 對此處提供的資訊，不做任何明確或隱含的瑕疵擔保。

從標準輸入資料流讀取下一行字元。

public:
 static System::String ^ ReadLine();

[System.Runtime.Versioning.UnsupportedOSPlatform("browser")]
public static string? ReadLine ();

[System.Runtime.Versioning.UnsupportedOSPlatform("browser")]
[System.Runtime.Versioning.UnsupportedOSPlatform("android")]
public static string? ReadLine ();

public static string ReadLine ();

[<System.Runtime.Versioning.UnsupportedOSPlatform("browser")>]
static member ReadLine : unit -> string

[<System.Runtime.Versioning.UnsupportedOSPlatform("browser")>]
[<System.Runtime.Versioning.UnsupportedOSPlatform("android")>]
static member ReadLine : unit -> string

static member ReadLine : unit -> string

Public Shared Function ReadLine () As String

傳回

String

輸入資料流的下一行字元，或 null (如果沒有其他可用字行)。

屬性: UnsupportedOSPlatformAttribute

例外狀況

IOException

發生 I/O 錯誤。

OutOfMemoryException

沒有足夠記憶體可為傳回的字串配置緩衝區。

ArgumentOutOfRangeException

下一行字元中的字元數大於 Int32.MaxValue。

範例

下列範例需要兩個命令列引數：現有文字檔的名稱，以及要寫入輸出的檔案名。它會開啟現有的文字檔，並將標準輸入從鍵盤重新導向至該檔案。它也會將主控台的標準輸出重新導向至輸出檔案。然後它會 Console.ReadLine 使用方法來讀取檔案中的每個行、以定位字元取代四個空格的每個序列，並使用 Console.WriteLine 方法將結果寫入輸出檔。

using namespace System;
using namespace System::IO;

int main()
{
   array<String^>^args = Environment::GetCommandLineArgs();
   const int tabSize = 4;
   String^ usageText = "Usage: INSERTTABS inputfile.txt outputfile.txt";
   StreamWriter^ writer = nullptr;
   if ( args->Length < 3 )
   {
      Console::WriteLine( usageText );
      return 1;
   }

   try
   {
      // Attempt to open output file.
      writer = gcnew StreamWriter( args[ 2 ] );
      // Redirect standard output from the console to the output file.
      Console::SetOut( writer );
      // Redirect standard input from the console to the input file.
      Console::SetIn( gcnew StreamReader( args[ 1 ] ) );
   }
   catch ( IOException^ e ) 
   {
      TextWriter^ errorWriter = Console::Error;
      errorWriter->WriteLine( e->Message );
      errorWriter->WriteLine( usageText );
      return 1;
   }

   String^ line;
   while ( (line = Console::ReadLine()) != nullptr )
   {
      String^ newLine = line->Replace( ((String^)"")->PadRight( tabSize, ' ' ), "\t" );
      Console::WriteLine( newLine );
   }

   writer->Close();
   
   // Recover the standard output stream so that a 
   // completion message can be displayed.
   StreamWriter^ standardOutput = gcnew StreamWriter( Console::OpenStandardOutput() );
   standardOutput->AutoFlush = true;
   Console::SetOut( standardOutput );
   Console::WriteLine( "INSERTTABS has completed the processing of {0}.", args[ 1 ] );
   return 0;
}

using System;
using System.IO;

public class InsertTabs
{
    private const int tabSize = 4;
    private const string usageText = "Usage: INSERTTABS inputfile.txt outputfile.txt";
    public static int Main(string[] args)
    {
        if (args.Length < 2)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(usageText);
            return 1;
        }

        try
        {
            // Attempt to open output file.
            using (var writer = new StreamWriter(args[1]))
            {
                using (var reader = new StreamReader(args[0]))
                {
                    // Redirect standard output from the console to the output file.
                    Console.SetOut(writer);
                    // Redirect standard input from the console to the input file.
                    Console.SetIn(reader);
                    string line;
                    while ((line = Console.ReadLine()) != null)
                    {
                        string newLine = line.Replace(("").PadRight(tabSize, ' '), "\t");
                        Console.WriteLine(newLine);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        catch(IOException e)
        {
            TextWriter errorWriter = Console.Error;
            errorWriter.WriteLine(e.Message);
            errorWriter.WriteLine(usageText);
            return 1;
        }

        // Recover the standard output stream so that a
        // completion message can be displayed.
        var standardOutput = new StreamWriter(Console.OpenStandardOutput());
        standardOutput.AutoFlush = true;
        Console.SetOut(standardOutput);
        Console.WriteLine($"INSERTTABS has completed the processing of {args[0]}.");
        return 0;
    }
}

open System
open System.IO

let tabSize = 4
let usageText = "Usage: INSERTTABS inputfile.txt outputfile.txt"

[<EntryPoint>]
let main args =
    if args.Length < 2 then
        Console.WriteLine usageText
        1
    else
        try
            // Attempt to open output file.
            use reader = new StreamReader(args[0])
            use writer = new StreamWriter(args[1])
            
            // Redirect standard output from the console to the output file.
            Console.SetOut writer
            
            // Redirect standard input from the console to the input file.
            Console.SetIn reader
            
            let mutable line = Console.ReadLine()
            while line <> null do
                let newLine = line.Replace(("").PadRight(tabSize, ' '), "\t")
                Console.WriteLine newLine
                line <- Console.ReadLine()

            // Recover the standard output stream so that a
            // completion message can be displayed.
            let standardOutput = new StreamWriter(Console.OpenStandardOutput())
            standardOutput.AutoFlush <- true
            Console.SetOut standardOutput
            Console.WriteLine $"INSERTTABS has completed the processing of {args[0]}."
            0

        with :? IOException as e -> 
            let errorWriter = Console.Error
            errorWriter.WriteLine e.Message
            errorWriter.WriteLine usageText
            1

Imports System.IO

Public Module InsertTabs
    Private Const tabSize As Integer = 4
    Private Const usageText As String = "Usage: INSERTTABS inputfile.txt outputfile.txt"
   
    Public Function Main(args As String()) As Integer
        If args.Length < 2 Then
            Console.WriteLine(usageText)
            Return 1
        End If
      
        Try
            ' Attempt to open output file.
            Using writer As New StreamWriter(args(1))
                Using reader As New StreamReader(args(0))
                    ' Redirect standard output from the console to the output file.
                    Console.SetOut(writer)
                    ' Redirect standard input from the console to the input file.
                    Console.SetIn(reader)
                    Dim line As String = Console.ReadLine()
                    While line IsNot Nothing
                        Dim newLine As String = line.Replace("".PadRight(tabSize, " "c), ControlChars.Tab)
                        Console.WriteLine(newLine)
                        line = Console.ReadLine()
                    End While
                End Using
            End Using
        Catch e As IOException
            Dim errorWriter As TextWriter = Console.Error
            errorWriter.WriteLine(e.Message)
            errorWriter.WriteLine(usageText)
            Return 1
        End Try

        ' Recover the standard output stream so that a 
        ' completion message can be displayed.
        Dim standardOutput As New StreamWriter(Console.OpenStandardOutput())
        standardOutput.AutoFlush = True
        Console.SetOut(standardOutput)
        Console.WriteLine($"INSERTTABS has completed the processing of {args(0)}.")
        Return 0
    End Function 
End Module

備註

方法 ReadLine 會從標準輸入資料流程讀取一行。 (如需行的定義，請參閱下列 list.) 後面的段落這表示：

如果標準輸入設備是鍵盤，方法 ReadLine 會封鎖直到使用者按下 Enter 鍵為止。

方法最常見的用法 ReadLine 之一是先暫停程式執行，再清除主控台並顯示新的資訊，或提示使用者在終止應用程式之前按下 Enter 鍵。下列範例將說明這點。

using namespace System;

void main()
{
    Console::Clear();

    DateTime dat = DateTime::Now;

    Console::WriteLine("\nToday is {0:d} at {0:T}.", dat);
    Console::Write("\nPress any key to continue... ");
    Console::ReadLine();
}
// The example displays output like the following:
//     Today is 10/26/2015 at 12:22:22 PM.
//     
//     Press any key to continue...

using System;

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      Console.Clear();

      DateTime dat = DateTime.Now;

      Console.WriteLine("\nToday is {0:d} at {0:T}.", dat);
      Console.Write("\nPress any key to continue... ");
      Console.ReadLine();
   }
}
// The example displays output like the following:
//     Today is 10/26/2015 at 12:22:22 PM.
//
//     Press any key to continue...

open System

Console.Clear()

let dat = DateTime.Now

printfn $"\nToday is {dat:d} at {dat:T}." 
printf "\nPress any key to continue... "
Console.ReadLine() |> ignore

// The example displays output like the following:
//     Today is 12/28/2021 at 8:23:50 PM.
//
//     Press any key to continue...

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      Console.Clear()

      Dim dat As Date = Date.Now

      Console.WriteLine()
      Console.WriteLine("Today is {0:d} at {0:T}.", dat)
      Console.WriteLine()
      Console.Write("Press any key to continue... ")
      Console.ReadLine()
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays output like the following:
'     Today is 10/26/2015 at 12:22:22 PM.
'     
'     Press any key to continue...

如果標準輸入重新導向至檔案，方法 ReadLine 會從檔案讀取一行文字。例如，以下是名為 ReadLine1.txt 的文字檔：


This is the first line.
This is the second line.
This is the third line.
This is the fourth line.

下列範例會 ReadLine 使用方法來讀取從檔案重新導向的輸入。讀取作業會在方法傳 null 回時終止，這表示不會繼續讀取任何行。

using System;

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      if (! Console.IsInputRedirected) {
         Console.WriteLine("This example requires that input be redirected from a file.");
         return;
      }

      Console.WriteLine("About to call Console.ReadLine in a loop.");
      Console.WriteLine("----");
      String s;
      int ctr = 0;
      do {
         ctr++;
         s = Console.ReadLine();
         Console.WriteLine("Line {0}: {1}", ctr, s);
      } while (s != null);
      Console.WriteLine("---");
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//       About to call Console.ReadLine in a loop.
//       ----
//       Line 1: This is the first line.
//       Line 2: This is the second line.
//       Line 3: This is the third line.
//       Line 4: This is the fourth line.
//       Line 5:
//       ---

open System

if not Console.IsInputRedirected then
    printfn "This example requires that input be redirected from a file."

printfn "About to call Console.ReadLine in a loop."
printfn "----"

let mutable s = ""
let mutable i = 0

while s <> null do
    i <- i + 1
    s <- Console.ReadLine()
    printfn $"Line {i}: {s}"
printfn "---"


// The example displays the following output:
//       About to call Console.ReadLine in a loop.
//       ----
//       Line 1: This is the first line.
//       Line 2: This is the second line.
//       Line 3: This is the third line.
//       Line 4: This is the fourth line.
//       Line 5:
//       ---

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      If Not Console.IsInputRedirected Then
         Console.WriteLine("This example requires that input be redirected from a file.")
         Exit Sub 
      End If

      Console.WriteLine("About to call Console.ReadLine in a loop.")
      Console.WriteLine("----")
      Dim s As String
      Dim ctr As Integer
      Do
         ctr += 1
         s = Console.ReadLine()
         Console.WriteLine("Line {0}: {1}", ctr, s)
      Loop While s IsNot Nothing
      Console.WriteLine("---")
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
'       About to call Console.ReadLine in a loop.
'       ----
'       Line 1: This is the first line.
'       Line 2: This is the second line.
'       Line 3: This is the third line.
'       Line 4: This is the fourth line.
'       Line 5:
'       ---

將範例編譯為名為 ReadLine1.exe 的可執行檔之後，您可以從命令列執行它，以讀取檔案的內容，並將其顯示至主控台。語法是：

ReadLine1 < ReadLine1.txt

行定義為字元序列，後面接著歸位字元 (十六進位0x000d) 、換行字元 (十六進位0x000a) 或屬性的值 Environment.NewLine 。傳回的字串不包含終止字元 (s) 。根據預設，方法會從 256 個字元的輸入緩衝區讀取輸入。因為這包括 Environment.NewLine 字元 () ，所以方法可以讀取最多包含 254 個字元的行。若要讀取較長的 OpenStandardInput(Int32) 行，請呼叫方法。

方法 ReadLine 會以同步方式執行。也就是說，它會封鎖直到讀取一行或 按下 Ctrl+Z 鍵盤組合 (接著 Windows) 的 Enter 。屬性會 In 傳 TextReader 回物件，表示標準輸入資料流程，而且同時具有同步 TextReader.ReadLine 方法和非同步 TextReader.ReadLineAsync 方法。不過，當做主控台的標準輸入資料流程使用時，會 TextReader.ReadLineAsync 以同步方式執行，而不是以非同步方式執行，而且只有在讀取作業完成之後才會傳 Task<String> 回。

如果這個方法擲回 OutOfMemoryException 例外狀況，則基礎 Stream 物件中的讀取器位置會由方法能夠讀取的字元數進階，但已讀入內部 ReadLine 緩衝區的字元會被捨棄。由於無法變更資料流程中的讀取器位置，因此無法復原已經讀取的字元，而且只能藉由重新初始化 TextReader 來存取。如果資料流程內的初始位置未知或資料流程不支援搜尋，則基礎 Stream 也必須重新初始化。若要避免這種情況並產生健全的程式碼，您應該使用 KeyAvailable 屬性和 ReadKey 方法，並將讀取字元儲存在預先配置的緩衝區中。

如果 Ctrl+Z 按鍵組合 (後面接著 Windows 上的 Enter) 在方法從主控台讀取輸入時按下，此方法會傳 null 回。這可讓使用者在迴圈中呼叫方法時 ReadLine 防止進一步的鍵盤輸入。下列範例會說明此情節。

using namespace System;

void main()
{
   String^ line;
   Console::WriteLine("Enter one or more lines of text (press CTRL+Z to exit):");
   Console::WriteLine();
   do { 
      Console::Write("   ");
      line = Console::ReadLine();
      if (line != nullptr) 
         Console::WriteLine("      " + line);
   } while (line != nullptr);   
}
// The following displays possible output from this example:
//       Enter one or more lines of text (press CTRL+Z to exit):
//       
//          This is line #1.
//             This is line #1.
//          This is line #2
//             This is line #2
//          ^Z
//       
//       >}

using System;

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      string line;
      Console.WriteLine("Enter one or more lines of text (press CTRL+Z to exit):");
      Console.WriteLine();
      do {
         Console.Write("   ");
         line = Console.ReadLine();
         if (line != null)
            Console.WriteLine("      " + line);
      } while (line != null);
   }
}
// The following displays possible output from this example:
//       Enter one or more lines of text (press CTRL+Z to exit):
//
//          This is line #1.
//             This is line #1.
//          This is line #2
//             This is line #2
//          ^Z
//
//       >

open System

printfn "Enter one or more lines of text (press CTRL+Z to exit):\n"

let mutable line = ""

while line <> null do
    printf "   "
    line <- Console.ReadLine()
    if line <> null then
        printfn $"      {line}"


// The following displays possible output from this example:
//       Enter one or more lines of text (press CTRL+Z to exit):
//
//          This is line #1.
//             This is line #1.
//          This is line #2
//             This is line #2
//          ^Z
//
//       >

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      Dim line As String
      Console.WriteLine("Enter one or more lines of text (press CTRL+Z to exit):")
      Console.WriteLine()
      Do 
         Console.Write("   ")
         line = Console.ReadLine()
         If line IsNot Nothing Then Console.WriteLine("      " + line)
      Loop While line IsNot Nothing   
   End Sub
End Module
' The following displays possible output from this example:
'       Enter one or more lines of text (press CTRL+Z to exit):
'       
'          This is line #1.
'             This is line #1.
'          This is line #2
'             This is line #2
'          ^Z
'       
'       >

適用於

共用方式為

Console.ReadLine 方法

定義

傳回

例外狀況

範例

備註

適用於

另請參閱

其他資源