1.1 Glossary
This document uses the following terms:
Active Directory: The Windows implementation of a general-purpose directory service, which uses LDAP as its primary access protocol. Active Directory stores information about a variety of objects in the network such as user accounts, computer accounts, groups, and all related credential information used by Kerberos [MS-KILE]. Active Directory is either deployed as Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) or Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services (AD LDS), which are both described in [MS-ADOD]: Active Directory Protocols Overview.
Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS): A directory service (DS) implemented by a domain controller (DC). The DS provides a data store for objects that is distributed across multiple DCs. The DCs interoperate as peers to ensure that a local change to an object replicates correctly across DCs. AD DS is a deployment of Active Directory [MS-ADTS].
Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS): A Microsoft implementation of a federation services provider, which provides a security token service (STS) that can issue security tokens to a caller using various protocols such as WS-Trust, WS-Federation, and Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) version 2.0.
AD FS behavior level: A specification of the functionality available in an AD FS server. Possible values such as AD_FS_BEHAVIOR_LEVEL_1 and AD_FS_BEHAVIOR_LEVEL_2 are described in [MS-OAPX].
AD FS server: See authorization server in [RFC6749].
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC): A high-precision atomic time standard that approximately tracks Universal Time (UT). It is the basis for legal, civil time all over the Earth. Time zones around the world are expressed as positive and negative offsets from UTC. In this role, it is also referred to as Zulu time (Z) and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). In these specifications, all references to UTC refer to the time at UTC-0 (or GMT).
globally unique identifier (GUID): A term used interchangeably with universally unique identifier (UUID) in Microsoft protocol technical documents (TDs). Interchanging the usage of these terms does not imply or require a specific algorithm or mechanism to generate the value. Specifically, the use of this term does not imply or require that the algorithms described in [RFC4122] or [C706] have to be used for generating the GUID. See also universally unique identifier (UUID).
key: In cryptography, a generic term used to refer to cryptographic data that is used to initialize a cryptographic algorithm. Keys are also sometimes referred to as keying material.
multi-resource refresh token: A refresh token (see [RFC6749] section 1.5) that can be redeemed for an access token for any resource. If a refresh token is not a multi-resource refresh token, then it can only be redeemed for an access token for the same resource that was originally requested when the refresh token was granted.
OAuth device flow request: An OAuth request in which the client is an input-constrained device and follows the OAuth 2.0 Device Flow protocol [RFC8628] for authorization.
OAuth logon certificate request: An OAuth request in which a resource, or relying party, acts as a client and uses a previously received access token to request an X.509 certificate. The resulting certificate represents the same identity represented by the access token.
OAuth on-behalf-of request: An OAuth request in which a resource, or relying party, acts as a client and uses a previously received access token to request an access token for another resource.
public key: One of a pair of keys used in public-key cryptography. The public key is distributed freely and published as part of a digital certificate. For an introduction to this concept, see [CRYPTO] section 1.8 and [IEEE1363] section 3.1.
relying party (RP): A web application or service that consumes security tokens issued by a security token service (STS).
smart card: A portable device that is shaped like a business card and is embedded with a memory chip and either a microprocessor or some non-programmable logic. Smart cards are often used as authentication tokens and for secure key storage. Smart cards used for secure key storage have the ability to perform cryptographic operations with the stored key without allowing the key itself to be read or otherwise extracted from the card.
trusted platform module (TPM): A component of a trusted computing platform. The TPM stores keys, passwords, and digital certificates. See [TCG-Architect] for more information.
Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): A string that identifies a resource. The URI is an addressing mechanism defined in Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax [RFC3986].
Windows client authentication: An OAuth 2.0 client authentication mechanism (see [RFC6749] section 2.3) in which the client authenticates via the SPNEGO-based Kerberos and NTLM HTTP Authentication mechanism described in [RFC4599].
MAY, SHOULD, MUST, SHOULD NOT, MUST NOT: These terms (in all caps) are used as defined in [RFC2119]. All statements of optional behavior use either MAY, SHOULD, or SHOULD NOT.