Import, export, and manage work item types
You can manage work item types for a team project by using the following witadmin commands:
destroywitd: Destroys a work item type, and destroys every work item of that type permanently without recovery.
exportwitd: Exports the definition of a work item type to an XML file, or to the Command Prompt window.
importwitd: Imports work item types from an XML definition file into a team project on a server that runs Team Foundation Server. If a work item type with the same name already exists, the new work item type definition overwrites the existing one. If the work item type does not already exist, this command creates a new work item type. To validate the XML that defines a work item type, but not import the file, you use the /v option.
listwitd: Displays the names of the work item types in the specified project in the Command Prompt window.
renamewitd: Changes the display name of a work item type within a specific project. After you run this command, work items of this type show the new name.
To run the witadmin command-line tool, open a Command Prompt window where either Visual Studio or Team Explorer is installed and enter:
cd %programfiles(x86)%\Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0\Common7\IDE
On a 32-bit edition of Windows, replace %programfiles(x86)% with %programfiles%.
For more information about work item types, see Add type definitions for work items to a process template.
Note
You can create and modify work item types by using Process Editor, a power tool for Visual Studio. This tool is not supported. For more information, see the following page on the Microsoft Web site: Team Foundation Server Power Tools.
Requirements
For the team project where the work item types are defined, you must have the following permissions set:
To export or list work item types, you must be a member of the Project Administrators group or have your View project-level information permission set to Allow.
To destroy, import, or rename work item types, you must be a member of the Team Foundation Administrators security group or the Project Administrators security group.
For more information, see Permission reference for Team Foundation Server.
Note
Even if you log on with administrative permissions, you must open an elevated Command Prompt window to perform this function on a server that is running Windows Server 2008. To open an elevated Command Prompt window, choose Start, open the shortcut menu for the Command Prompt, and then choose Run as Administrator. For more information, see the Microsoft Web site: User Access Control.
witadmin destroywitd /collection:CollectionURL /p:Project /n:TypeName [/noprompt]
witadmin exportwitd /collection:CollectionURL /p:Project /n:TypeName [/f:FileName] [/e:Encoding] [/exportglobalists]
witadmin importwitd /collection:CollectionURL [/p:Project] /f:FileName [/e:Encoding] [/v]
witadmin listwitd /collection:CollectionURL /p:Project
witadmin renamewitd /collection:CollectionURL /p:Project /n:TypeName /new:NewName [/noprompt]
Parameters
Parameter |
Description |
|---|---|
/collection:CollectionURL |
Specifies the URI of the team project collection. The format for the URI is the following: http://ServerName:Port/VirtualDirectoryName/CollectionName If no virtual directory is used, then the format for the URI is the following: http://ServerName:Port/CollectionName |
/p:Project |
The team project for which the types of work items are to be managed. This team project must be defined in the project collection specified by the /collection parameter. The /p parameter is required unless you run the importwitd command with the /v option. |
/n:TypeName |
The name of the work item type to destroy, export, import, or rename. |
/f:FileName |
The path and file name of the XML definition file that contains the types of work items to be exported or imported. If you omit this parameter when you use the exportwitd command, the XML appears in the Command Prompt window. Note If you are using Windows Vista you might not have permissions to certain folders. If you try to export the work item type to a location where you do not have permissions, the registry virtualization technology automatically redirects the exported file and saves it to the virtual store. To avoid this redirection, you can export the file to a location where you have permissions. For more information about registry virtualization, see the Microsoft Web site: Registry Virtualization and Common file and registry virtualization issues in Windows Vista. |
/e:Encoding |
The name of a .NET Framework 2.0 encoding format. The command uses the specified encoding to export or import the XML data. For example, /e:utf-7 specifies Unicode (UTF-7) encoding. If you omit this parameter, witadmin tries to detect the encoding, and if detection fails, witadmin uses UTF-8. |
/exportgloballists |
Exports the definitions of global lists referenced by the work item type. The definitions for global lists will be embedded into the work item type definition XML. When not specified, the definitions for global lists are omitted. |
/v |
Validates the XML that defines the work item type, but does not import the XML definition file. Note You can validate the type definition without specifying a team project. References to project-scoped groups is ignored. |
/new:NewName |
The new name of the work item type. |
/noprompt |
Disables the prompt for confirmation. |
/? or help |
Displays help about the command in the Command Prompt window. |
Remarks
When you use the destroywitd command, it destroys all the following objects:
The work item type
All work items of that type
Corresponding entries in the work item tables, the long text tables, and the link tables
Objects in the work item type metadata cache
Examples
Unless otherwise specified, the following values apply in each example:
URI for the team project collection: http://AdventureWorksServer:8080/tfs/DefaultCollection
Project name: AdventureWorks
Input or output file name: myworkitems.xml
Work item type name: myworkitem
Default encoding: UTF-8
Export the definition of a WIT
The following command exports the definition for myworkitem to the file, myworkitems.xml.
witadmin exportwitd /collection:http://AdventureWorksServer:8080/tfs/DefaultCollection /p:AdventureWorks /f:myworkitems.xml /n:myworkitem
The following example exports the work item by using Unicode (UTF-7) encoding.
witadmin exportwitd /collection:http://AdventureWorksServer:8080/tfs/DefaultCollection /p:AdventureWorks /f:myworkitems.xml /n:myworkitem /e:utf-7
Export the definition of a WIT and its referenced global lists
The following example exports the work item type and its referenced global lists.
witadmin exportwitd /collection:http://AdventureWorksServer:8080/tfs/DefaultCollection /p:AdventureWorks /f:myworkitems.xml /n:myworkitem /exportgloballists
List the definition of a WIT
The following example displays the definition of the work item type the Command Prompt window.
witadmin exportwitd /collection:http://AdventureWorksServer:8080/tfs/DefaultCollection /p:AdventureWorks /n:myworkitem
Import the definition of WITs
The following example imports the work item definition from the XML file.
witadmin importwitd /collection:http://AdventureWorksServer:8080/tfs/DefaultCollection /f:myworkitem.xml /p:AdventureWorks
Validate the XML definition of a WIT
The following example validates the XML that defines the work item type but does not import the definition.
witadmin importwitd /collection:http://AdventureWorksServer:8080/tfs/DefaultCollection /f:myworkitem.xml /p:AdventureWorks /v
Q & A
Q: What customizations can I make and still use the Configure Features Wizard to update my team project after a TFS upgrade?
A: You can add custom WITs and change the form layout. The Configure Features Wizard will update your team projects and you’ll get access to the latest features.
Changing the workflow or renaming a WIT might require you to perform some manual operations when updating your team project. To learn about which customizations you can safely make and which you should avoid, see Customize the work tracking experience: Before you customize, understand the maintenance and upgrade implications.
Q: How do I change the color associated with a WIT?
A: In Team Web Access, work items appear in query results and on the backlog and board pages of the Agile planning tools. To change the color associated with an existing WIT or add the color to use for a new WIT, edit the process configuration.
.png "Color assignments to different work item types")
Q: How do I deactivate or disable a WIT? How do I restrict users from creating work items of a certain type?
A: If you have a WIT that you want to retire, but maintain the work items that have been created based on that type, you can add a rule that disables all valid users from saving the work item type.
<TRANSITION from=" " to="New">
<FIELDS>
<FIELD refname="System.CreatedBy">
<VALIDUSER not="[Team Project Name]Project Valid Users" />
</FIELD>
</FIELDS>
</TRANSITION>
If you want to restrict creation of a specific WIT to a group of users, there are two ways to restrict access:
Add the WIT to the Hidden Categories group to prevent the majority of contributors from creating them. If you want to allow a group of users access, you can create a hyperlink to a template that opens the work item form and share that link with those team members who you do want to create them.
Add a field rule to the workflow for the System.CreatedBy field to effectively restrict a group of users from creating a work item of a specific type. As the following example shows, the user who creates the work item must belong to the Allowed Group in order to save the work item.
<TRANSITION from=" " to="New"> <FIELDS> <FIELD refname="System.CreatedBy"> <VALIDUSER for="Allowed Group" not="Disallowed Group" /> </FIELD> </FIELDS> </TRANSITION>
Q: How do I delete a WIT?
A: To prevent team members from using a specific WIT to create a work item, you can remove it from the team project. When you use witadmin destroywitd, you permanently remove all work items that were created using that WIT as well as the WIT itself. For example, if your team doesn’t use “Impediment,” you can delete the WIT labeled “Impediment” from the Fabrikam Web Site project.
witadmin destroywitd /collection:"http://FabrikamPrime:8080/tfs/DefaultCollection" /p:"Fabrikam Web Site" /n:"Impediment"
When you delete a WIT that belongs to a category, you must update the categories definition for the team project to reflect the new name. In particular, the Agile planning tools will not work until you update the categories definition.
For more information, see Import and export categories [witadmin].
See Also
Tasks
Concepts
Customize work tracking objects to support your team's processes