If you're getting an exception that is preventing VS from starting then repair the VS installation. If you're getting a message about a package failing then normally you can tell VS to ignore it and move on.
If you're triggering the JIT window then note that trying to use the debugger associated with the version of VS that is failing (e.g. 2022 for 2022 or 2019 for 2019) won't work as it has to start VS, which is throwing the exception. So if you're seeing the exception starting VS 2019 then use the VS 2022 debugger to debug it and vice versa. But most likely attaching the debugger isn't going to show you anything useful.
Run VS in safemode (use /safemode
command line) and see if it works. If it does then the issue is with a package. Use /log
to log the VS activity. Then replicate the issue and grab the log. The default location is under your roaming profile.