We had the above error message for a docker container and as well standard_init_linux.go:228: exec user process caused: exec format error
We have resolved it by specifying the architecture (platform) when building the app with docker (required when you running docker e.g. on a Mac).
See this comment: https://github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-js/issues/21572#issuecomment-1111869403 and follow this tutorial https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/developer/javascript/tutorial/tutorial-vscode-docker-node/tutorial-vscode-docker-node-04