I don't think it is related to the Microsoft Account since there's no option for Edge to sync the context menu items into the account. I believe it has to be either a Registry setting or a profile problem. Can you please try this and see if it works?
- Unpin Edge from the taskbar
- Open the Start Menu > All Apps > Right-click Microsoft Edge > More > Pin to taskbar (Do not open yet)
- Go to Windows Settings > Personalization > Start
- Toggle off the option "Show recently opened items in Start, Jump Lists, and File explorer
- Turn it back on
- Open Edge > three dots > New InPrivate window then use it for a few minutes and then check if the issue is fixed