Hi Rory,
Thanks for your sharing Such a detailed description of the issue and the steps to reproduce
Besides, the screenshots of table and version information give us a full understanding of the issue.
To narrow down this issue, I need more information to move further:
1.As you said, all workbook with latter version have no affected, this issue only occurred in previous version. Then you can create a new table with latest version and copy all data in problematic table to check if this issue related table version
2.As there are large amount of data in this table, to check if this issue related table size, please create a new table with some sample data to check the result. If it works fine, you can add the sample data as much as the data in the problematic table to see the result. According to your description, I have tested on my side include add large amount of number, adjust zoom and change view to display, then all things work fine.
3.If issue persist, you can also try to uninstall and reinstall Office 2016 for Mac from the article to check the result:
Download and install or reinstall Office 2016 or Office 2013
For further reproduce, Could you please tell me how often does this issue occur?
As I noticed that you open the table in page layout view and in my research, there is a similar issue that the cursor recognition position is incorrect only occurred in page layout view, you can try to change the view to normal view to check the result.
Related thread: Cursor misalignment Excel 2019 Mac page layout view
Please have a try and share with me your results.
Regards,
Uniquem