On M1 MacBook Ventura 13.1
Removed all Office applications (except for OneDrive), removed all ~/Library/Containers Office folders (again except for OneDrive).
Reinstalled from Mac AppStore MS Excel version 16.68.
Issue remains with Stock Data with the same suggestion to log out and log back in with Office 365 subscription which I have.
Additional info:
I had support call with Microsoft and did similar steps (except for the ~/Library/Containers ones) and installing Office from office.com. Exact same results.
I showed the agent thru a Chrome browser session screen share all the steps and issues.
I also showed that I can open the same example MS Excel file using onedrive online / over the web and demonstrate that the Stock Data connector works with the cloud version but not the desktop version for the same subscription account.
The call was then dropped and I got no more support from Microsoft. Seems that the support agent was lost on next steps and opted to just end the call.