Tutorial: use R to predict avocado prices
This tutorial presents an end-to-end example of a Synapse Data Science workflow in Microsoft Fabric. It uses R to analyze and visualize avocado prices in the United States, to build a machine learning model that predicts future avocado prices.
This tutorial covers these steps:
- Load default libraries
- Load the data
- Customize the data
- Add new packages to the session
- Analyze and visualize the data
- Train the model
Get a Microsoft Fabric subscription. Or, sign up for a free Microsoft Fabric trial.
Sign in to Microsoft Fabric.
Use the experience switcher on the left side of your home page to switch to the Synapse Data Science experience.
Open or create a notebook. To learn how, see How to use Microsoft Fabric notebooks.
Set the language option to SparkR (R) to change the primary language.
Attach your notebook to a lakehouse. On the left side, select Add to add an existing lakehouse or to create a lakehouse.
Use libraries from the default R runtime:
library(tidyverse)
library(lubridate)
library(hms)
Read avocado prices from a .CSV file, downloaded from the internet:
df <- read.csv('https://synapseaisolutionsa.blob.core.windows.net/public/AvocadoPrice/avocado.csv', header = TRUE)
head(df,5)
First, give the columns friendlier names.
# To use lowercase
names(df) <- tolower(names(df))
# To use snake case
avocado <- df %>%
rename("av_index" = "x",
"average_price" = "averageprice",
"total_volume" = "total.volume",
"total_bags" = "total.bags",
"amount_from_small_bags" = "small.bags",
"amount_from_large_bags" = "large.bags",
"amount_from_xlarge_bags" = "xlarge.bags")
# Rename codes
avocado2 <- avocado %>%
rename("PLU4046" = "x4046",
"PLU4225" = "x4225",
"PLU4770" = "x4770")
head(avocado2,5)
Change the data types, remove unwanted columns, and add total consumption:
# Convert data
avocado2$year = as.factor(avocado2$year)
avocado2$date = as.Date(avocado2$date)
avocado2$month = factor(months(avocado2$date), levels = month.name)
avocado2$average_price =as.numeric(avocado2$average_price)
avocado2$PLU4046 = as.double(avocado2$PLU4046)
avocado2$PLU4225 = as.double(avocado2$PLU4225)
avocado2$PLU4770 = as.double(avocado2$PLU4770)
avocado2$amount_from_small_bags = as.numeric(avocado2$amount_from_small_bags)
avocado2$amount_from_large_bags = as.numeric(avocado2$amount_from_large_bags)
avocado2$amount_from_xlarge_bags = as.numeric(avocado2$amount_from_xlarge_bags)
# Remove unwanted columns
avocado2 <- avocado2 %>%
select(-av_index,-total_volume, -total_bags)
# Calculate total consumption
avocado2 <- avocado2 %>%
mutate(total_consumption = PLU4046 + PLU4225 + PLU4770 + amount_from_small_bags + amount_from_large_bags + amount_from_xlarge_bags)
Use the inline package installation to add new packages to the session:
install.packages(c("repr","gridExtra","fpp2"))
Load the needed libraries.
library(tidyverse)
library(knitr)
library(repr)
library(gridExtra)
library(data.table)
Compare conventional (nonorganic) avocado prices by region:
options(repr.plot.width = 10, repr.plot.height =10)
# filter(mydata, gear %in% c(4,5))
avocado2 %>%
filter(region %in% c("PhoenixTucson","Houston","WestTexNewMexico","DallasFtWorth","LosAngeles","Denver","Roanoke","Seattle","Spokane","NewYork")) %>%
filter(type == "conventional") %>%
select(date, region, average_price) %>%
ggplot(aes(x = reorder(region, -average_price, na.rm = T), y = average_price)) +
geom_jitter(aes(colour = region, alpha = 0.5)) +
geom_violin(outlier.shape = NA, alpha = 0.5, size = 1) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 1.5, linetype = 2) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 1, linetype = 2) +
annotate("rect", xmin = "LosAngeles", xmax = "PhoenixTucson", ymin = -Inf, ymax = Inf, alpha = 0.2) +
geom_text(x = "WestTexNewMexico", y = 2.5, label = "My top 5 cities!", hjust = 0.5) +
stat_summary(fun = "mean") +
labs(x = "US city",
y = "Avocado prices",
title = "Figure 1. Violin plot of nonorganic avocado prices",
subtitle = "Visual aids: \n(1) Black dots are average prices of individual avocados by city \n between January 2015 and March 2018. \n(2) The plot is ordered descendingly.\n(3) The body of the violin becomes fatter when data points increase.") +
theme_classic() +
theme(legend.position = "none",
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 25, vjust = 0.65),
plot.title = element_text(face = "bold", size = 15)) +
scale_y_continuous(lim = c(0, 3), breaks = seq(0, 3, 0.5))
Focus on the Houston region.
library(fpp2)
conv_houston <- avocado2 %>%
filter(region == "Houston",
type == "conventional") %>%
group_by(date) %>%
summarise(average_price = mean(average_price))
# Set up ts
conv_houston_ts <- ts(conv_houston$average_price,
start = c(2015, 1),
frequency = 52)
# Plot
autoplot(conv_houston_ts) +
labs(title = "Time plot: nonorganic avocado weekly prices in Houston",
y = "$") +
geom_point(colour = "brown", shape = 21) +
geom_path(colour = "brown")
Build a price prediction model for the Houston area, based on AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA):
conv_houston_ts_arima <- auto.arima(conv_houston_ts,
d = 1,
approximation = F,
stepwise = F,
trace = T)
checkresiduals(conv_houston_ts_arima)
Show a graph of forecasts from the Houston ARIMA model:
conv_houston_ts_arima_fc <- forecast(conv_houston_ts_arima, h = 208)
autoplot(conv_houston_ts_arima_fc) + labs(subtitle = "Prediction of weekly prices of nonorganic avocados in Houston",
y = "$") +
geom_hline(yintercept = 2.5, linetype = 2, colour = "blue")