ICustomFormatter.Format(String, Object, IFormatProvider) Metode
Definisi
Penting
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Mengonversi nilai objek tertentu menjadi representasi string yang setara menggunakan format tertentu dan informasi pemformatan khusus budaya.
public:
System::String ^ Format(System::String ^ format, System::Object ^ arg, IFormatProvider ^ formatProvider);public string Format (string format, object arg, IFormatProvider formatProvider);public string Format (string? format, object? arg, IFormatProvider? formatProvider);abstract member Format : string * obj * IFormatProvider -> stringPublic Function Format (format As String, arg As Object, formatProvider As IFormatProvider) As StringParameter
- format
- String
String format yang berisi spesifikasi pemformatan.
- arg
- Object
Objek yang akan diformat.
- formatProvider
- IFormatProvider
Objek yang menyediakan informasi format tentang instans saat ini.
Mengembalikan
Representasi string dari nilai arg, diformat seperti yang ditentukan oleh format dan formatProvider.
Contoh
Contoh berikut mengimplementasikan ICustomFormatter untuk memungkinkan pemformatan biner, oktal, dan heksadesimal dari nilai integral. Implementasinya ICustomFormatter.Format menentukan apakah parameter format adalah salah satu dari tiga string format yang didukung ("B" untuk biner, "O" untuk oktal, dan "H" untuk heksadesimal) dan memformat arg parameter dengan tepat. Jika tidak, jika arg tidak null, ia memanggil arg implementasi parameter IFormattable.ToString , jika ada, atau metode tanpa ToString parameternya, jika tidak. Jika arg adalah null, metode mengembalikan String.Empty.
using System;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Numerics;
public class MyFormatter : IFormatProvider, ICustomFormatter
{
// IFormatProvider.GetFormat implementation.
public object GetFormat(Type formatType)
{
// Determine whether custom formatting object is requested.
if (formatType == typeof(ICustomFormatter))
return this;
else
return null;
}
// Format number in binary (B), octal (O), or hexadecimal (H).
public string Format(string format, object arg, IFormatProvider formatProvider)
{
// Handle format string.
int baseNumber;
// Handle null or empty format string, string with precision specifier.
string thisFmt = String.Empty;
// Extract first character of format string (precision specifiers
// are not supported).
if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(format))
thisFmt = format.Length > 1 ? format.Substring(0, 1) : format;
// Get a byte array representing the numeric value.
byte[] bytes;
if (arg is sbyte)
{
string byteString = ((sbyte)arg).ToString("X2");
bytes = new byte[1] { Byte.Parse(byteString, System.Globalization.NumberStyles.HexNumber) };
}
else if (arg is byte)
{
bytes = new byte[1] { (byte)arg };
}
else if (arg is short)
{
bytes = BitConverter.GetBytes((short)arg);
}
else if (arg is int)
{
bytes = BitConverter.GetBytes((int)arg);
}
else if (arg is long)
{
bytes = BitConverter.GetBytes((long)arg);
}
else if (arg is ushort)
{
bytes = BitConverter.GetBytes((ushort)arg);
}
else if (arg is uint)
{
bytes = BitConverter.GetBytes((uint)arg);
}
else if (arg is ulong)
{
bytes = BitConverter.GetBytes((ulong)arg);
}
else if (arg is BigInteger)
{
bytes = ((BigInteger)arg).ToByteArray();
}
else
{
try
{
return HandleOtherFormats(format, arg);
}
catch (FormatException e)
{
throw new FormatException(String.Format("The format of '{0}' is invalid.", format), e);
}
}
switch (thisFmt.ToUpper())
{
// Binary formatting.
case "B":
baseNumber = 2;
break;
case "O":
baseNumber = 8;
break;
case "H":
baseNumber = 16;
break;
// Handle unsupported format strings.
default:
try
{
return HandleOtherFormats(format, arg);
}
catch (FormatException e)
{
throw new FormatException(String.Format("The format of '{0}' is invalid.", format), e);
}
}
// Return a formatted string.
string numericString = String.Empty;
for (int ctr = bytes.GetUpperBound(0); ctr >= bytes.GetLowerBound(0); ctr--)
{
string byteString = Convert.ToString(bytes[ctr], baseNumber);
if (baseNumber == 2)
byteString = new String('0', 8 - byteString.Length) + byteString;
else if (baseNumber == 8)
byteString = new String('0', 4 - byteString.Length) + byteString;
// Base is 16.
else
byteString = new String('0', 2 - byteString.Length) + byteString;
numericString += byteString + " ";
}
return numericString.Trim();
}
private string HandleOtherFormats(string format, object arg)
{
if (arg is IFormattable)
return ((IFormattable)arg).ToString(format, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture);
else if (arg != null)
return arg.ToString();
else
return String.Empty;
}
}
open System
open System.Globalization
open System.Numerics
type MyFormatter() =
interface IFormatProvider with
// IFormatProvider.GetFormat implementation.
member this.GetFormat(formatType: Type) =
// Determine whether custom formatting object is requested.
if formatType = typeof<ICustomFormatter> then
this
else
null
interface ICustomFormatter with
// Format number in binary (B), octal (O), or hexadecimal (H).
member this.Format(format, arg: obj, formatProvider: IFormatProvider) =
// Handle null or empty format string, string with precision specifier.
let thisFmt =
// Extract first character of format string (precision specifiers
// are not supported).
if String.IsNullOrEmpty format |> not then
if format.Length > 1 then
format.Substring(0, 1)
else
format
else
String.Empty
// Get a byte array representing the numeric value.
let bytes =
match arg with
| :? sbyte as arg ->
let byteString = arg.ToString "X2"
Some [| Byte.Parse(byteString, NumberStyles.HexNumber) |]
| :? byte as arg ->
Some [| arg |]
| :? int16 as arg ->
BitConverter.GetBytes arg
|> Some
| :? int as arg ->
BitConverter.GetBytes arg
|> Some
| :? int64 as arg ->
BitConverter.GetBytes arg
|> Some
| :? uint16 as arg ->
BitConverter.GetBytes arg
|> Some
| :? uint as arg ->
BitConverter.GetBytes arg
|> Some
| :? uint64 as arg ->
BitConverter.GetBytes arg
|> Some
| :? bigint as arg ->
arg.ToByteArray()
|> Some
| _ ->
None
let baseNumber =
match thisFmt.ToUpper() with
// Binary formatting.
| "B" -> Some 2
| "O" -> Some 8
| "H" -> Some 16
// Handle unsupported format strings.
| _ -> None
match bytes, baseNumber with
| Some bytes, Some baseNumber ->
// Return a formatted string.
let mutable numericString = String.Empty
for i = bytes.GetUpperBound 0 to bytes.GetLowerBound 0 do
let byteString = Convert.ToString(bytes[i], baseNumber)
let byteString =
match baseNumber with
| 2 ->
String('0', 8 - byteString.Length) + byteString
| 8 ->
String('0', 4 - byteString.Length) + byteString
// Base is 16.
| _ ->
String('0', 2 - byteString.Length) + byteString
numericString <- numericString + byteString + " "
numericString.Trim()
| _ ->
try
this.HandleOtherFormats(format, arg)
with :? FormatException as e ->
raise (FormatException($"The format of '{format}' is invalid.", e))
member private this.HandleOtherFormats(format, arg: obj) =
match arg with
| :? IFormattable as arg ->
arg.ToString(format, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture)
| null ->
String.Empty
| _ ->
string arg
Imports System.Globalization
Imports System.Numerics
Public Class MyFormatter : Implements IFormatProvider, ICustomFormatter
' IFormatProvider.GetFormat implementation.
Public Function GetFormat(formatType As Type) As Object _
Implements IFormatProvider.GetFormat
' Determine whether custom formatting object is requested.
If formatType Is GetType(ICustomFormatter) Then
Return Me
Else
Return Nothing
End If
End Function
' Format number in binary (B), octal (O), or hexadecimal (H).
Public Function Format(fmt As String, arg As Object, _
formatProvider As IFormatProvider) As String _
Implements ICustomFormatter.Format
' Handle format string.
Dim base As Integer
' Handle null or empty format string, string with precision specifier.
Dim thisFmt As String = String.Empty
' Extract first character of format string (precision specifiers
' are not supported by MyFormatter).
If Not String.IsNullOrEmpty(fmt) Then
thisFmt = CStr(IIf(fmt.Length > 1, fmt.Substring(0, 1), fmt))
End If
' Get a byte array representing the numeric value.
Dim bytes() As Byte
If TypeOf(arg) Is SByte Then
Dim byteString As String = CType(arg, SByte).ToString("X2")
bytes = New Byte(0) { Byte.Parse(byteString, System.Globalization.NumberStyles.HexNumber ) }
ElseIf TypeOf(arg) Is Byte Then
bytes = New Byte(0) { CType(arg, Byte) }
ElseIf TypeOf(arg) Is Int16 Then
bytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(CType(arg, Int16))
ElseIf TypeOf(arg) Is Int32 Then
bytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(CType(arg, Int32))
ElseIf TypeOf(arg) Is Int64 Then
bytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(CType(arg, Int64))
ElseIf TypeOf(arg) Is UInt16 Then
bytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(CType(arg, UInt16))
ElseIf TypeOf(arg) Is UInt32 Then
bytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(CType(arg, UInt64))
ElseIf TypeOf(arg) Is UInt64 Then
bytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(CType(arg, UInt64))
ElseIf TypeOf(arg) Is BigInteger Then
bytes = CType(arg, BigInteger).ToByteArray()
Else
Try
Return HandleOtherFormats(fmt, arg)
Catch e As FormatException
Throw New FormatException(String.Format("The format of '{0}' is invalid.", fmt), e)
End Try
End If
Select Case thisFmt.ToUpper()
' Binary formatting.
Case "B"
base = 2
Case "O"
base = 8
Case "H"
base = 16
' Handle unsupported format strings.
Case Else
Try
Return HandleOtherFormats(fmt, arg)
Catch e As FormatException
Throw New FormatException(String.Format("The format of '{0}' is invalid.", fmt), e)
End Try
End Select
' Return a formatted string.
Dim numericString As String = String.Empty
For ctr As Integer = bytes.GetUpperBound(0) To bytes.GetLowerBound(0) Step -1
Dim byteString As String = Convert.ToString(bytes(ctr), base)
If base = 2 Then
byteString = New String("0"c, 8 - byteString.Length) + byteString
ElseIf base = 8 Then
byteString = New String("0"c, 4 - byteString.Length) + byteString
' Base is 16.
Else
byteString = New String("0"c, 2 - byteString.Length) + byteString
End If
numericString += byteString + " "
Next
Return numericString.Trim()
End Function
Private Function HandleOtherFormats(fmt As String, arg As Object) As String
If TypeOf arg Is IFormattable Then
Return DirectCast(arg, IFormattable).ToString(fmt, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture)
ElseIf arg IsNot Nothing Then
Return arg.ToString()
Else
Return String.Empty
End If
End Function
End Class
MyFormatter kemudian dapat digunakan untuk menyediakan pemformatan kustom dengan meneruskan MyFormatter objek sebagai provider parameter Format metode , seperti yang ditunjukkan contoh berikut.
public class Example
{
public static void Main()
{
Console.WindowWidth = 100;
byte byteValue = 124;
Console.WriteLine(String.Format(new MyFormatter(),
"{0} (binary: {0:B}) (hex: {0:H})", byteValue));
int intValue = 23045;
Console.WriteLine(String.Format(new MyFormatter(),
"{0} (binary: {0:B}) (hex: {0:H})", intValue));
ulong ulngValue = 31906574882;
Console.WriteLine(String.Format(new MyFormatter(),
"{0}\n (binary: {0:B})\n (hex: {0:H})",
ulngValue));
BigInteger bigIntValue = BigInteger.Multiply(Int64.MaxValue, 2);
Console.WriteLine(String.Format(new MyFormatter(),
"{0}\n (binary: {0:B})\n (hex: {0:H})",
bigIntValue));
}
}
// The example displays the following output:
// 124 (binary: 01111100) (hex: 7c)
// 23045 (binary: 00000000 00000000 01011010 00000101) (hex: 00 00 5a 05)
// 31906574882
// (binary: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000111 01101101 11000111 10110010 00100010)
// (hex: 00 00 00 07 6d c7 b2 22)
// 18446744073709551614
// (binary: 00000000 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111110)
// (hex: 00 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff fe)
Console.WindowWidth <- 100
let byteValue = 124uy
String.Format(MyFormatter(), "{0} (binary: {0:B}) (hex: {0:H})", byteValue)
|> printfn "%s"
let intValue = 23045
String.Format(MyFormatter(), "{0} (binary: {0:B}) (hex: {0:H})", intValue)
|> printfn "%s"
let ulngValue = 31906574882uL
String.Format(MyFormatter(), "{0}\n (binary: {0:B})\n (hex: {0:H})", ulngValue)
|> printfn "%s"
let bigIntValue = BigInteger.Multiply(Int64.MaxValue, 2)
String.Format(MyFormatter(), "{0}\n (binary: {0:B})\n (hex: {0:H})", bigIntValue)
|> printfn "%s"
// The example displays the following output:
// 124 (binary: 01111100) (hex: 7c)
// 23045 (binary: 00000000 00000000 01011010 00000101) (hex: 00 00 5a 05)
// 31906574882
// (binary: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000111 01101101 11000111 10110010 00100010)
// (hex: 00 00 00 07 6d c7 b2 22)
// 18446744073709551614
// (binary: 00000000 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111110)
// (hex: 00 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff fe)
Public Module Example
Public Sub Main
Console.WindowWidth = 100
Dim byteValue As Byte = 124
Console.WriteLine(String.Format(New MyFormatter(), _
"{0} (binary: {0:B}) (hex: {0:H})", byteValue))
Dim intValue As Integer = 23045
Console.WriteLine(String.Format(New MyFormatter(), _
"{0} (binary: {0:B}) (hex: {0:H})", intValue))
Dim ulngValue As ULong = 31906574882
Console.WriteLine(String.Format(New MyFormatter(), _
"{0} {1} (binary: {0:B}) {1} (hex: {0:H})", _
ulngValue, vbCrLf))
Dim bigIntValue As BigInteger = BigInteger.Multiply(Int64.MaxValue, 2)
Console.WriteLine(String.Format(New MyFormatter(), _
"{0} {1} (binary: {0:B}) {1} (hex: {0:H})", _
bigIntValue, vbCrLf))
End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
' 124 (binary: 01111100) (hex: 7c)
' 23045 (binary: 00000000 00000000 01011010 00000101) (hex: 00 00 5a 05)
' 31906574882
' (binary: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000111 01101101 11000111 10110010 00100010)
' (hex: 00 00 00 07 6d c7 b2 22)
' 18446744073709551614
' (binary: 00000000 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111110)
' (hex: 00 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff fe)
Keterangan
ICustomFormatter.Format adalah metode panggilan balik. Ini dipanggil oleh metode yang mendukung pemformatan kustom, seperti String.Format(IFormatProvider, String, Object[]) atau StringBuilder.AppendFormat(IFormatProvider, String, Object[]). Implementasi dipanggil sekali untuk setiap item format dalam string format komposit. Misalnya, dalam pernyataan berikut, ICustomFormatter.Format metode ini dipanggil tiga kali.
Console.WriteLine(String.Format(new MyFormatter(),
"{0} (binary: {0:B}) (hex: {0:H})", byteValue));
String.Format(MyFormatter(), "{0} (binary: {0:B}) (hex: {0:H})", byteValue)
|> printfn "%s"
Console.WriteLine(String.Format(New MyFormatter(), _
"{0} (binary: {0:B}) (hex: {0:H})", byteValue))
Parameter arg adalah objek dalam daftar objek yang posisi berbasis nolnya sesuai dengan indeks item format tertentu.
Parameter format berisi string format, yang merupakan formatString komponen dari item format. Jika item format tidak formatString memiliki komponen, nilainya format adalah null. Jika format adalah null, tergantung pada jenis arg, Anda mungkin dapat menggunakan spesifikasi format default pilihan Anda.
Parameter formatProvider adalah IFormatProvider implementasi yang menyediakan pemformatan untuk arg. Biasanya, ini adalah instans implementasi Anda ICustomFormatter . Jika formatProvider adalah null, abaikan parameter tersebut.
Implementasi Format metode Anda harus menyertakan fungsionalitas berikut sehingga .NET Framework dapat menyediakan pemformatan yang tidak Anda dukung. Jika metode format Anda tidak mendukung format, tentukan apakah objek yang diformat mengimplementasikan IFormattable antarmuka. Jika ya, panggil metode antarmuka tersebut IFormattable.ToString . Jika tidak, panggil metode default Object.ToString objek yang mendasar. Kode berikut mengilustrasikan pola ini.
if (arg is IFormattable)
return ((IFormattable)arg).ToString(format, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture);
else if (arg != null)
return arg.ToString();
match arg with
| :? IFormattable as arg ->
arg.ToString(format, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture)
| null ->
String.Empty
| _ ->
string arg
If TypeOf arg Is IFormattable Then
Return DirectCast(arg, IFormattable).ToString(fmt, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture)
ElseIf arg IsNot Nothing Then
Return arg.ToString()
Berlaku untuk
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