Directory.GetParent(String) Metoda

Definicja

Przestrzeń nazw:

System.IO

Zestaw:

System.Runtime.dll

Źródło:

Directory.cs

Pobiera katalog nadrzędny określonej ścieżki, w tym ścieżki bezwzględne i względne.

public:
 static System::IO::DirectoryInfo ^ GetParent(System::String ^ path);

public static System.IO.DirectoryInfo? GetParent (string path);

static member GetParent : string -> System.IO.DirectoryInfo

Public Shared Function GetParent (path As String) As DirectoryInfo

Parametry

path

String

Ścieżka, dla której ma być pobrany katalog nadrzędny.

Zwraca

DirectoryInfo

Katalog nadrzędny lub null jeśli path jest katalogiem głównym, w tym katalogiem głównym serwera UNC lub nazwy udziału.

Wyjątki

IOException

Katalog określony przez path jest tylko do odczytu.

UnauthorizedAccessException

Obiekt wywołujący nie posiada wymaganych uprawnień.

ArgumentException

.NET Framework i .NET Core w wersjach starszych niż 2.1: path jest ciągiem o zerowej długości, zawiera tylko biały odstęp lub zawiera co najmniej jeden nieprawidłowy znak. Zapytania dotyczące nieprawidłowych znaków można wykonać za pomocą GetInvalidPathChars() metody .

ArgumentNullException

path to null.

PathTooLongException

Podana ścieżka, nazwa pliku lub obie przekraczają maksymalną długość zdefiniowaną przez system. Aby uzyskać więcej informacji, zobacz PathTooLongException temat.

DirectoryNotFoundException

Nie można odnaleźć określonej ścieżki.

NotSupportedException

path jest w nieprawidłowym formacie.

SecurityException

.NET Framework tylko: obiekt wywołujący nie ma wymaganych uprawnień.

Przykłady

W poniższym przykładzie pokazano, jak za pomocą GetParent metody pobrać katalog nadrzędny lokalizacji określonej przez użytkownika " path". Wartość zwracana przez metodę GetParent jest następnie drukowana w konsoli programu . Przykład jest skonfigurowany do przechwytywania wszystkich błędów typowych dla tej metody.

using namespace System;
class Class1
{
public:
   void PrintFileSystemEntries( String^ path )
   {
      try
      {
         
         // Obtain the file system entries in the directory path.
         array<String^>^directoryEntries = System::IO::Directory::GetFileSystemEntries( path );
         for ( int i = 0; i < directoryEntries->Length; i++ )
         {
            System::Console::WriteLine( directoryEntries[ i ] );

         }
      }
      catch ( ArgumentNullException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "Path is a null reference." );
      }
      catch ( System::Security::SecurityException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "The caller does not have the \HelloServer'                  required permission." );
      }
      catch ( ArgumentException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "Path is an empty String, \HelloServer'                  contains only white spaces, \HelloServer'                  or contains invalid characters." );
      }
      catch ( System::IO::DirectoryNotFoundException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "The path encapsulated in the \HelloServer'                  Directory object does not exist." );
      }

   }

   void PrintFileSystemEntries( String^ path, String^ pattern )
   {
      try
      {
         
         // Obtain the file system entries in the directory
         // path that match the pattern.
         array<String^>^directoryEntries = System::IO::Directory::GetFileSystemEntries( path, pattern );
         for ( int i = 0; i < directoryEntries->Length; i++ )
         {
            System::Console::WriteLine( directoryEntries[ i ] );

         }
      }
      catch ( ArgumentNullException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "Path is a null reference." );
      }
      catch ( System::Security::SecurityException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "The caller does not have the \HelloServer'                  required permission." );
      }
      catch ( ArgumentException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "Path is an empty String, \HelloServer'                  contains only white spaces, \HelloServer'                  or contains invalid characters." );
      }
      catch ( System::IO::DirectoryNotFoundException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "The path encapsulated in the \HelloServer'                  Directory object does not exist." );
      }

   }


   // Print out all logical drives on the system.
   void GetLogicalDrives()
   {
      try
      {
         array<String^>^drives = System::IO::Directory::GetLogicalDrives();
         for ( int i = 0; i < drives->Length; i++ )
         {
            System::Console::WriteLine( drives[ i ] );

         }
      }
      catch ( System::IO::IOException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "An I/O error occurs." );
      }
      catch ( System::Security::SecurityException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "The caller does not have the \HelloServer'                  required permission." );
      }

   }

   void GetParent( String^ path )
   {
      try
      {
         System::IO::DirectoryInfo^ directoryInfo = System::IO::Directory::GetParent( path );
         System::Console::WriteLine( directoryInfo->FullName );
      }
      catch ( ArgumentNullException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "Path is a null reference." );
      }
      catch ( ArgumentException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "Path is an empty String, \HelloServer'                  contains only white spaces, or \HelloServer'                  contains invalid characters." );
      }

   }

   void Move( String^ sourcePath, String^ destinationPath )
   {
      try
      {
         System::IO::Directory::Move( sourcePath, destinationPath );
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "The directory move is complete." );
      }
      catch ( ArgumentNullException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "Path is a null reference." );
      }
      catch ( System::Security::SecurityException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "The caller does not have the \HelloServer'                  required permission." );
      }
      catch ( ArgumentException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "Path is an empty String, \HelloServer'                  contains only white spaces, \HelloServer'                  or contains invalid characters." );
      }
      catch ( System::IO::IOException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "An attempt was made to move a \HelloServer'                  directory to a different \HelloServer'                  volume, or destDirName \HelloServer'                  already exists." );
      }

   }

};

int main()
{
   Class1 * snippets = new Class1;
   String^ path = System::IO::Directory::GetCurrentDirectory();
   String^ filter =  "*.exe";
   snippets->PrintFileSystemEntries( path );
   snippets->PrintFileSystemEntries( path, filter );
   snippets->GetLogicalDrives();
   snippets->GetParent( path );
   snippets->Move(  "C:\\proof",  "C:\\Temp" );
   return 0;
}

using System;

namespace GetFileSystemEntries
{
    class Class1
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Class1 snippets = new Class1();

            string path = System.IO.Directory.GetCurrentDirectory();
            string filter = "*.exe";

            snippets.PrintFileSystemEntries(path);
            snippets.PrintFileSystemEntries(path, filter);		
            snippets.GetLogicalDrives();
            snippets.GetParent(path);
            snippets.Move("C:\\proof", "C:\\Temp");
        }

        void PrintFileSystemEntries(string path)
        {
            
            try
            {
                // Obtain the file system entries in the directory path.
                string[] directoryEntries =
                    System.IO.Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(path);

                foreach (string str in directoryEntries)
                {
                    System.Console.WriteLine(str);
                }
            }
            catch (ArgumentNullException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is a null reference.");
            }
            catch (System.Security.SecurityException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("The caller does not have the " +
                    "required permission.");
            }
            catch (ArgumentException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is an empty string, " +
                    "contains only white spaces, " +
                    "or contains invalid characters.");
            }
            catch (System.IO.DirectoryNotFoundException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("The path encapsulated in the " +
                    "Directory object does not exist.");
            }
        }
        void PrintFileSystemEntries(string path, string pattern)
        {
            try
            {
                // Obtain the file system entries in the directory
                // path that match the pattern.
                string[] directoryEntries =
                    System.IO.Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(path, pattern);

                foreach (string str in directoryEntries)
                {
                    System.Console.WriteLine(str);
                }
            }
            catch (ArgumentNullException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is a null reference.");
            }
            catch (System.Security.SecurityException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("The caller does not have the " +
                    "required permission.");
            }
            catch (ArgumentException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is an empty string, " +
                    "contains only white spaces, " +
                    "or contains invalid characters.");
            }
            catch (System.IO.DirectoryNotFoundException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("The path encapsulated in the " +
                    "Directory object does not exist.");
            }
        }

        // Print out all logical drives on the system.
        void GetLogicalDrives()
        {
            try
            {
                string[] drives = System.IO.Directory.GetLogicalDrives();

                foreach (string str in drives)
                {
                    System.Console.WriteLine(str);
                }
            }
            catch (System.IO.IOException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("An I/O error occurs.");
            }
            catch (System.Security.SecurityException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("The caller does not have the " +
                    "required permission.");
            }
        }
        void GetParent(string path)
        {
            try
            {
                System.IO.DirectoryInfo directoryInfo =
                    System.IO.Directory.GetParent(path);

                System.Console.WriteLine(directoryInfo.FullName);
            }
            catch (ArgumentNullException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is a null reference.");
            }
            catch (ArgumentException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is an empty string, " +
                    "contains only white spaces, or " +
                    "contains invalid characters.");
            }
        }
        void Move(string sourcePath, string destinationPath)
        {
            try
            {
                System.IO.Directory.Move(sourcePath, destinationPath);
                System.Console.WriteLine("The directory move is complete.");
            }
            catch (ArgumentNullException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is a null reference.");
            }
            catch (System.Security.SecurityException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("The caller does not have the " +
                    "required permission.");
            }
            catch (ArgumentException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is an empty string, " +
                    "contains only white spaces, " +
                    "or contains invalid characters.");	
            }
            catch (System.IO.IOException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("An attempt was made to move a " +
                    "directory to a different " +
                    "volume, or destDirName " +
                    "already exists.");
            }
        }
    }
}

open System
open System.IO
open System.Security

let printFileSystemEntries path =
    try
        // Obtain the file system entries in the directory path.
        let directoryEntries = Directory.GetFileSystemEntries path

        for str in directoryEntries do
            printfn $"{str}"
    with 
    | :? ArgumentNullException ->
        printfn "Path is a null reference."
    | :? SecurityException ->
        printfn $"The caller does not have the required permission."
    | :? ArgumentException ->
        printfn $"Path is an empty string, contains only white spaces, or contains invalid characters."
    | :? DirectoryNotFoundException ->
        printfn $"The path encapsulated in the Directory object does not exist."

let printFileSystemEntriesPattern path pattern =
    try
        // Obtain the file system entries in the directory
        // path that match the pattern.
        let directoryEntries = Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(path, pattern)

        for str in directoryEntries do
            printfn $"{str}"
    with
    | :? ArgumentNullException -> printfn "Path is a null reference."
    | :? SecurityException -> printfn "The caller does not have the required permission."
    | :? ArgumentException -> printfn "Path is an empty string, contains only white spaces, or contains invalid characters."
    | :? DirectoryNotFoundException -> printfn "The path encapsulated in the Directory object does not exist."

// Print out all logical drives on the system.
let getLogicalDrives () =
    try
        let drives = Directory.GetLogicalDrives()

        for str in drives do
            printfn $"{str}"
    with
    | :? IOException -> printfn "An I/O error occurs."
    | :? SecurityException -> printfn "The caller does not have the required permission."

let getParent path =
    try
        let directoryInfo = Directory.GetParent path
        printfn $"{directoryInfo.FullName}"

    with
    | :? ArgumentNullException -> printfn "Path is a null reference."
    | :? ArgumentException -> printfn "Path is an empty string, contains only white spaces, or contains invalid characters."

let move sourcePath destinationPath =
    try
        Directory.Move(sourcePath, destinationPath)
        printfn "The directory move is complete."

    with
    | :? ArgumentNullException -> printfn "Path is a null reference."
    | :? SecurityException -> printfn "The caller does not have the required permission."
    | :? ArgumentException -> printfn "Path is an empty string, contains only white spaces, or contains invalid characters."
    | :? IOException -> printfn "An attempt was made to move a directory to a different volume, or destDirName already exists."

let path = Directory.GetCurrentDirectory()
let filter = "*.exe"

printFileSystemEntries path
printFileSystemEntriesPattern path filter
getLogicalDrives ()
getParent path
move "C:\\proof" "C:\\Temp"

Option Explicit On 
Option Strict On

Namespace GetFileSystemEntries
    Class Class1
        Overloads Shared Sub Main(ByVal args() As String)
            Dim snippets As New Class1()
            Dim path As String = System.IO.Directory.GetCurrentDirectory()
            Dim filter As String = "*.exe"
            snippets.PrintFileSystemEntries(path)
            snippets.PrintFileSystemEntries(path, filter)
            snippets.GetLogicalDrives()
            snippets.GetParent(path)
            snippets.Move("C:\proof", "C:\Temp")
        End Sub

        Sub PrintFileSystemEntries(ByVal path As String)
            Try
                ' Obtain the file system entries in the directory path.
                Dim directoryEntries As String()
                directoryEntries = System.IO.Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(path)
                Dim str As String
                For Each str In directoryEntries
                    System.Console.WriteLine(str)
                Next str
            Catch exp As ArgumentNullException
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is a null reference.")
            Catch exp As System.Security.SecurityException
                System.Console.WriteLine("The caller does not have the " + _
                                        "required permission.")
            Catch exp As ArgumentException
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is an empty string, " + _
                                        "contains only white spaces, " + _
                                        "or contains invalid characters.")
            Catch exp As System.IO.DirectoryNotFoundException
                System.Console.WriteLine("The path encapsulated in the " + _
                                        "Directory object does not exist.")
            End Try
        End Sub
        Sub PrintFileSystemEntries(ByVal path As String, _
                                   ByVal pattern As String)
            Try
                ' Obtain the file system entries in the directory
                ' path that match the pattern.
                Dim directoryEntries As String()
                directoryEntries = _
                   System.IO.Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(path, pattern)

                Dim str As String
                For Each str In directoryEntries
                    System.Console.WriteLine(str)
                Next str
            Catch exp As ArgumentNullException
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is a null reference.")
            Catch exp As System.Security.SecurityException
                System.Console.WriteLine("The caller does not have the " + _
                                        "required permission.")
            Catch exp As ArgumentException
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is an empty string, " + _
                                        "contains only white spaces, " + _
                                        "or contains invalid characters.")
            Catch exp As System.IO.DirectoryNotFoundException
                System.Console.WriteLine("The path encapsulated in the " + _
                                        "Directory object does not exist.")
            End Try
        End Sub

        ' Print out all logical drives on the system.
        Sub GetLogicalDrives()
            Try
                Dim drives As String()
                drives = System.IO.Directory.GetLogicalDrives()

                Dim str As String
                For Each str In drives
                    System.Console.WriteLine(str)
                Next str
            Catch exp As System.IO.IOException
                System.Console.WriteLine("An I/O error occurs.")
            Catch exp As System.Security.SecurityException
                System.Console.WriteLine("The caller does not have the " + _
                                           "required permission.")
            End Try
        End Sub
        Sub GetParent(ByVal path As String)
            Try
                Dim directoryInfo As System.IO.DirectoryInfo
                directoryInfo = System.IO.Directory.GetParent(path)
                System.Console.WriteLine(directoryInfo.FullName)
            Catch exp As ArgumentNullException
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is a null reference.")
            Catch exp As ArgumentException
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is an empty string, " + _
                                     "contains only white spaces, or " + _
                                     "contains invalid characters.")
            End Try
        End Sub
        Sub Move(ByVal sourcePath As String, ByVal destinationPath As String)
            Try
                System.IO.Directory.Move(sourcePath, destinationPath)
                System.Console.WriteLine("The directory move is complete.")
            Catch exp As ArgumentNullException
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is a null reference.")
            Catch exp As System.Security.SecurityException
                System.Console.WriteLine("The caller does not have the " + _
                                           "required permission.")
            Catch exp As ArgumentException
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is an empty string, " + _
                                        "contains only white spaces, " + _
                                        "or contains invalid characters.")
            Catch exp As System.IO.IOException
                System.Console.WriteLine("An attempt was made to move a " + _
                                        "directory to a different " + _
                                        "volume, or destDirName " + _
                                        "already exists.")
            End Try
        End Sub
    End Class
End Namespace

Uwagi

Parametr path może określać informacje o ścieżce względnej lub bezwzględnej. Informacje o ścieżce względnej są interpretowane jako względne w stosunku do bieżącego katalogu roboczego. Aby uzyskać bieżący katalog roboczy, zobacz GetCurrentDirectory.

Spacje końcowe są usuwane z końca parametru path przed pobraniem katalogu.

Ciąg zwrócony przez tę metodę składa się ze wszystkich znaków w ścieżce do, ale nie obejmuje ostatniego DirectorySeparatorChar lub AltDirectorySeparatorChar. Na przykład przekazanie ścieżki "C:\Directory\SubDirectory\test.txt" w celu zwracania GetParent wartości "C:\Directory\SubDirectory". Przekazywanie "C:\Directory\SubDirectory" zwraca wartość "C:\Directory". Jednak przekazanie ciągu "C:\Directory\SubDirectory\" zwraca wartość "C:\Directory\SubDirectory", ponieważ końcowy separator katalogu znajduje się po "Podkatalogu".

Ważność wielkości liter parametru path odpowiada wartości systemu plików, na którym działa kod. Na przykład jest rozróżniana wielkość liter w systemie plików NTFS (domyślny system plików systemu Windows) i rozróżniana wielkość liter w systemach plików systemu Linux.

Aby uzyskać listę typowych zadań we/wy, zobacz Typowe zadania we/wy.

Zobacz też

• DirectoryInfo
• Plik i Stream we/wy
• Instrukcje: Odczytywanie tekstu z pliku
• Instrukcje: Zapisywanie tekstu w pliku