Início Rápido: Criar um balanceador de carga interno para balancear a carga de VMs usando um modelo do ARM
Neste início rápido, você aprenderá como usar um modelo do ARM (Azure Resource Manager) para criar um balanceador de carga interno do Azure. O balanceador de carga interno distribui o tráfego para máquinas virtuais em uma rede virtual localizada no pool de back-end do balanceador de carga. Junto ao balanceador de carga interno, esse modelo cria uma rede virtual, adaptadores de rede, um Gateway da NAT e uma instância do Azure Bastion.
O uso de um modelo do Resource Manager apresenta menos etapas comparado a outros métodos de implantação.
Um Modelo do Azure Resource Manager é um arquivo JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) que define a infraestrutura e a configuração do seu projeto. O modelo usa a sintaxe declarativa. Você descreve a implantação pretendida sem escrever a sequência de comandos de programação para criar a implantação.
Se seu ambiente atender aos pré-requisitos e você estiver familiarizado com o uso de modelos ARM, selecione o botão Implantar no Azure. O modelo é aberto no portal do Azure.
Pré-requisitos
Se você não tiver uma assinatura do Azure, crie uma conta gratuita antes de começar.
Examinar o modelo
O modelo usado neste início rápido é proveniente dos Modelos de Início Rápido do Azure.
{
"$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
"contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
"metadata": {
"_generator": {
"name": "bicep",
"version": "0.27.1.19265",
"templateHash": "14348520895393914284"
}
},
"parameters": {
"adminUsername": {
"type": "string",
"metadata": {
"description": "Admin username"
}
},
"adminPassword": {
"type": "securestring",
"metadata": {
"description": "Admin password"
}
},
"vmNamePrefix": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "BackendVM",
"metadata": {
"description": "Prefix to use for VM names"
}
},
"location": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "[resourceGroup().location]",
"metadata": {
"description": "Location for all resources."
}
},
"vmSize": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "Standard_D2s_v3",
"metadata": {
"description": "Size of VM"
}
},
"vNetAddressPrefix": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "10.0.0.0/16",
"metadata": {
"description": "Virtual network address prefix"
}
},
"vNetSubnetAddressPrefix": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "10.0.0.0/24",
"metadata": {
"description": "Backend subnet address prefix"
}
},
"vNetBastionSubnetAddressPrefix": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "10.0.2.0/24",
"metadata": {
"description": "Bastion subnet address prefix"
}
},
"lbPublicIPAddress": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "10.0.0.6",
"metadata": {
"description": "Public IP address of load balancer"
}
}
},
"variables": {
"natGatewayName": "lb-nat-gateway",
"natGatewayPublicIPAddressName": "lb-nat-gateway-ip",
"vNetName": "lb-vnet",
"vNetSubnetName": "backend-subnet",
"storageAccountType": "Standard_LRS",
"storageAccountName": "[uniqueString(resourceGroup().id)]",
"loadBalancerName": "internal-lb",
"networkInterfaceName": "lb-nic",
"numberOfInstances": 2,
"lbSkuName": "Standard",
"bastionName": "lb-bastion",
"bastionSubnetName": "AzureBastionSubnet",
"bastionPublicIPAddressName": "lb-bastion-ip"
},
"resources": [
{
"type": "Microsoft.Network/natGateways",
"apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
"name": "[variables('natGatewayName')]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"sku": {
"name": "Standard"
},
"properties": {
"idleTimeoutInMinutes": 4,
"publicIpAddresses": [
{
"id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('natGatewayPublicIPAddressName'))]"
}
]
},
"dependsOn": [
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('natGatewayPublicIPAddressName'))]"
]
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses",
"apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
"name": "[variables('natGatewayPublicIPAddressName')]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"sku": {
"name": "Standard"
},
"properties": {
"publicIPAddressVersion": "IPv4",
"publicIPAllocationMethod": "Static",
"idleTimeoutInMinutes": 4
}
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks",
"apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
"name": "[variables('vNetName')]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"properties": {
"addressSpace": {
"addressPrefixes": [
"[parameters('vNetAddressPrefix')]"
]
}
}
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets",
"apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
"name": "[format('{0}/{1}', variables('vNetName'), variables('bastionSubnetName'))]",
"properties": {
"addressPrefix": "[parameters('vNetBastionSubnetAddressPrefix')]"
},
"dependsOn": [
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', variables('vNetName'))]"
]
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets",
"apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
"name": "[format('{0}/{1}', variables('vNetName'), variables('vNetSubnetName'))]",
"properties": {
"addressPrefix": "[parameters('vNetSubnetAddressPrefix')]",
"natGateway": {
"id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/natGateways', variables('natGatewayName'))]"
}
},
"dependsOn": [
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/natGateways', variables('natGatewayName'))]",
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', variables('vNetName'))]"
]
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Network/bastionHosts",
"apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
"name": "[variables('bastionName')]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"properties": {
"ipConfigurations": [
{
"name": "IpConf",
"properties": {
"privateIPAllocationMethod": "Dynamic",
"publicIPAddress": {
"id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('bastionPublicIPAddressName'))]"
},
"subnet": {
"id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', variables('vNetName'), variables('bastionSubnetName'))]"
}
}
}
]
},
"dependsOn": [
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('bastionPublicIPAddressName'))]",
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', variables('vNetName'), variables('bastionSubnetName'))]"
]
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses",
"apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
"name": "[variables('bastionPublicIPAddressName')]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"sku": {
"name": "[variables('lbSkuName')]"
},
"properties": {
"publicIPAddressVersion": "IPv4",
"publicIPAllocationMethod": "Static"
}
},
{
"copy": {
"name": "networkInterface",
"count": "[length(range(0, variables('numberOfInstances')))]"
},
"type": "Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces",
"apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
"name": "[format('{0}{1}', variables('networkInterfaceName'), range(0, variables('numberOfInstances'))[copyIndex()])]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"properties": {
"ipConfigurations": [
{
"name": "ipconfig1",
"properties": {
"privateIPAllocationMethod": "Dynamic",
"subnet": {
"id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', variables('vNetName'), variables('vNetSubnetName'))]"
},
"loadBalancerBackendAddressPools": [
{
"id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/backendAddressPools', variables('loadBalancerName'), 'BackendPool1')]"
}
]
}
}
]
},
"dependsOn": [
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers', variables('loadBalancerName'))]",
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', variables('vNetName'))]",
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', variables('vNetName'), variables('vNetSubnetName'))]"
]
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers",
"apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
"name": "[variables('loadBalancerName')]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"sku": {
"name": "Standard"
},
"properties": {
"frontendIPConfigurations": [
{
"properties": {
"subnet": {
"id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', variables('vNetName'), variables('vNetSubnetName'))]"
},
"privateIPAddress": "[parameters('lbPublicIPAddress')]",
"privateIPAllocationMethod": "Static"
},
"name": "LoadBalancerFrontend"
}
],
"backendAddressPools": [
{
"name": "BackendPool1"
}
],
"loadBalancingRules": [
{
"properties": {
"frontendIPConfiguration": {
"id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/frontendIpConfigurations', variables('loadBalancerName'), 'LoadBalancerFrontend')]"
},
"backendAddressPool": {
"id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/backendAddressPools', variables('loadBalancerName'), 'BackendPool1')]"
},
"probe": {
"id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/probes', variables('loadBalancerName'), 'lbprobe')]"
},
"protocol": "Tcp",
"frontendPort": 80,
"backendPort": 80,
"idleTimeoutInMinutes": 15
},
"name": "lbrule"
}
],
"probes": [
{
"properties": {
"protocol": "Tcp",
"port": 80,
"intervalInSeconds": 15,
"numberOfProbes": 2
},
"name": "lbprobe"
}
]
},
"dependsOn": [
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', variables('vNetName'), variables('vNetSubnetName'))]"
]
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts",
"apiVersion": "2023-01-01",
"name": "[variables('storageAccountName')]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"sku": {
"name": "[variables('storageAccountType')]"
},
"kind": "StorageV2"
},
{
"copy": {
"name": "vm",
"count": "[length(range(0, variables('numberOfInstances')))]"
},
"type": "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines",
"apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
"name": "[format('{0}{1}', parameters('vmNamePrefix'), range(0, variables('numberOfInstances'))[copyIndex()])]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"properties": {
"hardwareProfile": {
"vmSize": "[parameters('vmSize')]"
},
"osProfile": {
"computerName": "[format('{0}{1}', parameters('vmNamePrefix'), range(0, variables('numberOfInstances'))[copyIndex()])]",
"adminUsername": "[parameters('adminUsername')]",
"adminPassword": "[parameters('adminPassword')]"
},
"storageProfile": {
"imageReference": {
"publisher": "MicrosoftWindowsServer",
"offer": "WindowsServer",
"sku": "2019-Datacenter",
"version": "latest"
},
"osDisk": {
"createOption": "FromImage"
}
},
"networkProfile": {
"networkInterfaces": [
{
"id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces', format('{0}{1}', variables('networkInterfaceName'), range(0, variables('numberOfInstances'))[range(0, variables('numberOfInstances'))[copyIndex()]]))]"
}
]
},
"diagnosticsProfile": {
"bootDiagnostics": {
"enabled": true,
"storageUri": "[reference(resourceId('Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts', variables('storageAccountName')), '2023-01-01').primaryEndpoints.blob]"
}
}
},
"dependsOn": [
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces', format('{0}{1}', variables('networkInterfaceName'), range(0, variables('numberOfInstances'))[range(0, variables('numberOfInstances'))[copyIndex()]]))]",
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts', variables('storageAccountName'))]"
]
}
],
"outputs": {
"location": {
"type": "string",
"value": "[parameters('location')]"
},
"name": {
"type": "string",
"value": "[variables('loadBalancerName')]"
},
"resourceGroupName": {
"type": "string",
"value": "[resourceGroup().name]"
},
"resourceId": {
"type": "string",
"value": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers', variables('loadBalancerName'))]"
}
}
}
Vários recursos do Azure foram definidos no modelo:
- Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks: rede virtual para balanceador de carga e máquinas virtuais.
- Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces: adaptadores de rede para máquinas virtuais.
- Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers: Balanceador de carga interno.
- Microsoft.Network/natGateways
- Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses: endereços IP públicos para o Gateway da NAT e o Azure Bastion.
- Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines: máquinas virtuais no pool de back-end.
- Microsoft.Network/bastionHosts: instância do Azure Bastion.
- Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/sub-redes: sub-redes para a rede virtual.
- Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts: conta de armazenamento para as máquinas virtuais.
Para encontrar mais modelos relacionados ao Azure Load Balancer, confira Modelos de Início Rápido do Azure.
Implantar o modelo
Nesta etapa, você implantará o modelo usando o Azure PowerShell com o comando [New-AzResourceGroupDeployment](/powershell/module/az.resources/new-azresourcegroupdeployment).
Clique em Experimentar no bloco de código a seguir para abrir o Azure Cloud Shell e então acompanhe as instruções para entrar no Azure.
Para implantar o arquivo Bicep, use a CLI do Azure ou o Azure PowerShell.
echo "Enter a project name with 12 or less letters or numbers that is used to generate Azure resource names" read projectName echo "Enter the location (i.e. centralus)" read location resourceGroupName="${projectName}rg" templateUri="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Azure/azure-quickstart-templates/master/quickstarts/microsoft.network/internal-loadbalancer-create/azuredeploy.json" az group create --name $resourceGroupName --location $location az deployment group create --resource-group $resourceGroupName --template-uri $templateUri --name $projectName --parameters location=$location read -p "Press [ENTER] to continue."Você será solicitado a inserir os seguintes valores:
- projectName: usado para gerar nomes de recursos.
- adminUsername: nome de usuário do administrador da máquina virtual.
- adminPassword: senha de administrador da máquina virtual.
A implantação do modelo leva cerca de 10 minutos.
O Azure PowerShell ou a CLI do Azure são usados para implantar o modelo. Use também o portal do Azure e a API REST. Para saber mais sobre outros métodos de implantação, confira Implantar modelos.
Examinar os recursos implantados
Use a CLI do Azure ou o Azure PowerShell para listar os recursos implantados no grupo de recursos com os comandos a seguir:
az resource list --resource-group $resourceGroupName
Limpar os recursos
Quando não for mais necessário, use a CLI do Azure ou o Azure PowerShell para excluir o grupo de recursos e seus recursos com os comandos a seguir:
Remove-AzResourceGroup -Name "${projectName}rg"
Próximas etapas
Para obter um tutorial passo a passo que orienta você durante o processo de criação de um modelo, confira: