Exception.StackTrace Property
Definition
Important
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Gets a string representation of the immediate frames on the call stack.
public:
virtual property System::String ^ StackTrace { System::String ^ get(); };public virtual string StackTrace { get; }public virtual string? StackTrace { get; }member this.StackTrace : stringPublic Overridable ReadOnly Property StackTrace As StringProperty Value
A string that describes the immediate frames of the call stack. If no stack trace is available (such as prior to stack unwinding from a throw statement), the value is null.
Implements
Examples
The following code example throws an Exception and then catches it and displays a stack trace using the StackTrace property.
// Example for the Exception::HelpLink, Exception::Source,
// Exception::StackTrace, and Exception::TargetSite properties.
using namespace System;
namespace NDP_UE_CPP
{
// Derive an exception; the constructor sets the HelpLink and
// Source properties.
public ref class LogTableOverflowException: public Exception
{
private:
static String^ overflowMessage = "The log table has overflowed.";
public:
LogTableOverflowException( String^ auxMessage, Exception^ inner )
: Exception( String::Format( "{0} - {1}", overflowMessage, auxMessage ), inner )
{
this->HelpLink = "https://learn.microsoft.com";
this->Source = "Exception_Class_Samples";
}
};
public ref class LogTable
{
public:
LogTable( int numElements )
{
logArea = gcnew array<String^>(numElements);
elemInUse = 0;
}
protected:
array<String^>^logArea;
int elemInUse;
public:
// The AddRecord method throws a derived exception if
// the array bounds exception is caught.
int AddRecord( String^ newRecord )
{
try
{
logArea[ elemInUse ] = newRecord;
return elemInUse++;
}
catch ( Exception^ ex )
{
throw gcnew LogTableOverflowException( String::Format( "Record \"{0}\" was not logged.", newRecord ),ex );
}
}
};
// Create a log table and force an overflow.
void ForceOverflow()
{
LogTable^ log = gcnew LogTable( 4 );
try
{
for ( int count = 1; ; count++ )
{
log->AddRecord( String::Format( "Log record number {0}", count ) );
}
}
catch ( Exception^ ex )
{
Console::WriteLine( "\nMessage ---\n{0}", ex->Message );
Console::WriteLine( "\nHelpLink ---\n{0}", ex->HelpLink );
Console::WriteLine( "\nSource ---\n{0}", ex->Source );
Console::WriteLine( "\nStackTrace ---\n{0}", ex->StackTrace );
Console::WriteLine( "\nTargetSite ---\n{0}", ex->TargetSite->ToString() );
}
}
}
int main()
{
Console::WriteLine( "This example of \n Exception::Message, \n"
" Exception::HelpLink, \n Exception::Source, \n"
" Exception::StackTrace, and \n Exception::"
"TargetSite \ngenerates the following output." );
NDP_UE_CPP::ForceOverflow();
}
/*
This example of
Exception::Message,
Exception::HelpLink,
Exception::Source,
Exception::StackTrace, and
Exception::TargetSite
generates the following output.
Message ---
The log table has overflowed. - Record "Log record number 5" was not logged.
HelpLink ---
https://learn.microsoft.com
Source ---
Exception_Class_Samples
StackTrace ---
at NDP_UE_CPP.LogTable.AddRecord(String newRecord)
at NDP_UE_CPP.ForceOverflow()
TargetSite ---
Int32 AddRecord(System.String)
*/
// Example for the Exception.HelpLink, Exception.Source,
// Exception.StackTrace, and Exception.TargetSite properties.
using System;
namespace NDP_UE_CS
{
// Derive an exception; the constructor sets the HelpLink and
// Source properties.
class LogTableOverflowException : Exception
{
const string overflowMessage = "The log table has overflowed.";
public LogTableOverflowException(
string auxMessage, Exception inner ) :
base( String.Format( "{0} - {1}",
overflowMessage, auxMessage ), inner )
{
this.HelpLink = "https://learn.microsoft.com";
this.Source = "Exception_Class_Samples";
}
}
class LogTable
{
public LogTable( int numElements )
{
logArea = new string[ numElements ];
elemInUse = 0;
}
protected string[ ] logArea;
protected int elemInUse;
// The AddRecord method throws a derived exception if
// the array bounds exception is caught.
public int AddRecord( string newRecord )
{
try
{
logArea[ elemInUse ] = newRecord;
return elemInUse++;
}
catch( Exception e )
{
throw new LogTableOverflowException(
String.Format( "Record \"{0}\" was not logged.",
newRecord ), e );
}
}
}
class OverflowDemo
{
// Create a log table and force an overflow.
public static void Main()
{
LogTable log = new LogTable( 4 );
Console.WriteLine(
"This example of \n Exception.Message, \n" +
" Exception.HelpLink, \n Exception.Source, \n" +
" Exception.StackTrace, and \n Exception." +
"TargetSite \ngenerates the following output." );
try
{
for( int count = 1; ; count++ )
{
log.AddRecord(
String.Format(
"Log record number {0}", count ) );
}
}
catch( Exception ex )
{
Console.WriteLine( "\nMessage ---\n{0}", ex.Message );
Console.WriteLine(
"\nHelpLink ---\n{0}", ex.HelpLink );
Console.WriteLine( "\nSource ---\n{0}", ex.Source );
Console.WriteLine(
"\nStackTrace ---\n{0}", ex.StackTrace );
Console.WriteLine(
"\nTargetSite ---\n{0}", ex.TargetSite );
}
}
}
}
/*
This example of
Exception.Message,
Exception.HelpLink,
Exception.Source,
Exception.StackTrace, and
Exception.TargetSite
generates the following output.
Message ---
The log table has overflowed. - Record "Log record number 5" was not logged.
HelpLink ---
https://learn.microsoft.com
Source ---
Exception_Class_Samples
StackTrace ---
at NDP_UE_CS.LogTable.AddRecord(String newRecord)
at NDP_UE_CS.OverflowDemo.Main()
TargetSite ---
Int32 AddRecord(System.String)
*/
// Example for the Exception.HelpLink, Exception.Source,
// Exception.StackTrace, and Exception.TargetSite properties.
open System
let overflowMessage = "The log table has overflowed."
// Derive an exception; the constructor sets the HelpLink and
// Source properties.
type LogTableOverflowException(auxMessage, inner) as this =
inherit Exception($"%s{overflowMessage} - %s{auxMessage}", inner)
do
this.HelpLink <- "https://learn.microsoft.com"
this.Source <- "Exception_Class_Samples"
type LogTable(numElements) =
let logArea = Array.zeroCreate<string> numElements
let mutable elemInUse = 0
// The AddRecord method throws a derived exception if
// the array bounds exception is caught.
member this.AddRecord(newRecord) =
try
logArea[elemInUse] <- newRecord
elemInUse <- elemInUse + 1
elemInUse - 1
with e ->
raise (LogTableOverflowException($"Record \"{newRecord}\" was not logged.", e) )
// Create a log table and force an overflow.
let log = LogTable 4
printfn
"""This example of
Exception.Message,
Exception.HelpLink,
Exception.Source,
Exception.StackTrace, and
Exception.TargetSite
generates the following output."""
try
for count = 1 to 1000000 do
log.AddRecord $"Log record number {count}"
|> ignore
with ex ->
printfn $"\nMessage ---\n{ex.Message}"
printfn $"\nHelpLink ---\n{ex.HelpLink}"
printfn $"\nSource ---\n{ex.Source}"
printfn $"\nStackTrace ---\n{ex.StackTrace}"
printfn $"\nTargetSite ---\n{ex.TargetSite}"
// This example of
// Exception.Message,
// Exception.HelpLink,
// Exception.Source,
// Exception.StackTrace, and
// Exception.TargetSite
// generates the following output.
// Message ---
// The log table has overflowed. - Record "Log record number 5" was not logged.
// HelpLink ---
// https://learn.microsoft.com
// Source ---
// Exception_Class_Samples
// StackTrace ---
// at NDP_UE_FS.LogTable.AddRecord(String newRecord)
// at <StartupCode$fs>.$NDP_UE_FS.main@()
// TargetSite ---
// Int32 AddRecord(System.String)
' Example for the Exception.HelpLink, Exception.Source,
' Exception.StackTrace, and Exception.TargetSite properties.
Namespace NDP_UE_VB
' Derive an exception; the constructor sets the HelpLink and
' Source properties.
Class LogTableOverflowException
Inherits Exception
Private Const overflowMessage As String = _
"The log table has overflowed."
Public Sub New( auxMessage As String, inner As Exception )
MyBase.New( String.Format( "{0} - {1}", _
overflowMessage, auxMessage ), inner )
Me.HelpLink = "https://learn.microsoft.com"
Me.Source = "Exception_Class_Samples"
End Sub
End Class
Class LogTable
Public Sub New(numElements As Integer)
logArea = New String(numElements) {}
elemInUse = 0
End Sub
Protected logArea() As String
Protected elemInUse As Integer
' The AddRecord method throws a derived exception if
' the array bounds exception is caught.
Public Function AddRecord( newRecord As String ) As Integer
Try
Dim curElement as Integer = elemInUse
logArea( elemInUse ) = newRecord
elemInUse += 1
Return curElement
Catch ex As Exception
Throw New LogTableOverflowException( _
String.Format( "Record ""{0}"" was not logged.", _
newRecord ), ex )
End Try
End Function ' AddRecord
End Class
Module OverflowDemo
' Create a log table and force an overflow.
Sub Main( )
Dim log As New LogTable( 4 )
Console.WriteLine( "This example of " & vbCrLf & _
" Exception.Message, " & vbCrLf & _
" Exception.HelpLink, " & vbCrLf & _
" Exception.Source, " & vbCrLf & _
" Exception.StackTrace, and " & vbCrLf & _
" Exception.TargetSite " & vbCrLf & _
"generates the following output." )
Try
Dim count As Integer = 0
Do
log.AddRecord( _
String.Format( "Log record number {0}", count ) )
count += 1
Loop
Catch ex As Exception
Console.WriteLine( vbCrLf & _
"Message ---" & vbCrLf & ex.Message )
Console.WriteLine( vbCrLf & _
"HelpLink ---" & vbCrLf & ex.HelpLink )
Console.WriteLine( vbCrLf & _
"Source ---" & vbCrLf & ex.Source )
Console.WriteLine( vbCrLf & _
"StackTrace ---" & vbCrLf & ex.StackTrace )
Console.WriteLine( vbCrLf & "TargetSite ---" & _
vbCrLf & ex.TargetSite.ToString( ) )
End Try
End Sub
End Module ' OverflowDemo
End Namespace ' NDP_UE_VB
' This example of
' Exception.Message,
' Exception.HelpLink,
' Exception.Source,
' Exception.StackTrace, and
' Exception.TargetSite
' generates the following output.
'
' Message ---
' The log table has overflowed. - Record "Log record number 5" was not logged.
'
' HelpLink ---
' https://learn.microsoft.com
'
' Source ---
' Exception_Class_Samples
'
' StackTrace ---
' at NDP_UE_VB.LogTable.AddRecord(String newRecord)
' at NDP_UE_VB.OverflowDemo.Main()
'
' TargetSite ---
' Int32 AddRecord(System.String)
Remarks
The execution stack keeps track of all the methods that are in execution at a given instant. A trace of the method calls is called a stack trace. The stack trace listing provides a way to follow the call stack to the line number in the method where the exception occurs.
The StackTrace property returns the frames of the call stack that originate at the location where the exception was thrown. You can obtain information about additional frames in the call stack by creating a new instance of the System.Diagnostics.StackTrace class and using its StackTrace.ToString method.
The common language runtime (CLR) updates the stack trace whenever an exception is thrown in application code (by using the throw keyword). If the exception was rethrown in a method that is different than the method where it was originally thrown, the stack trace contains both the location in the method where the exception was originally thrown, and the location in the method where the exception was rethrown. If the exception is thrown, and later rethrown, in the same method, the stack trace only contains the location where the exception was rethrown and does not include the location where the exception was originally thrown.
The StackTrace property may not report as many method calls as expected because of code transformations, such as inlining, that occur during optimization.
Notes to Inheritors
The StackTrace property is overridden in classes that require control over the stack trace content or format.
By default, the stack trace is captured immediately before an exception object is thrown. Use StackTrace to get stack trace information when no exception is being thrown.
Applies to
See also
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