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Tutorial: Create a Jenkins pipeline using GitHub and Docker

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Important

Many Azure services have Jenkins plug-ins. Some of these plug-ins will be out of support as of February 29, 2024. Azure CLI is the currently recommended way to integrate Jenkins with Azure services. For more information, refer to the article Jenkins plug-ins for Azure.

To automate the build and test phase of application development, you can use a continuous integration and deployment (CI/CD) pipeline. In this tutorial, you create a CI/CD pipeline on an Azure VM including how to:

  • Create a Jenkins VM
  • Install and configure Jenkins
  • Create webhook integration between GitHub and Jenkins
  • Create and trigger Jenkins build jobs from GitHub commits
  • Create a Docker image for your app
  • Verify GitHub commits build new Docker image and updates running app

This tutorial uses the CLI within the Azure Cloud Shell, which is constantly updated to the latest version. To open the Cloud Shell, select Try it from the top of any code block.

If you choose to install and use the CLI locally, this tutorial requires that you are running the Azure CLI version 2.0.30 or later. Run az --version to find the version. If you need to install or upgrade, see Install Azure CLI.

Create Jenkins instance

In a previous tutorial on How to customize a Linux virtual machine on first boot, you learned how to automate VM customization with cloud-init. This tutorial uses a cloud-init file to install Jenkins and Docker on a VM. Jenkins is a popular open-source automation server that integrates seamlessly with Azure to enable continuous integration (CI) and continuous delivery (CD). For more tutorials on how to use Jenkins, see the Jenkins in Azure hub.

In your current shell, create a file named cloud-init-jenkins.txt and paste the following configuration. For example, create the file in the Cloud Shell not on your local machine. Enter sensible-editor cloud-init-jenkins.txt to create the file and see a list of available editors. Make sure that the whole cloud-init file is copied correctly, especially the first line:

#cloud-config
package_upgrade: true
write_files:
  - path: /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/docker.conf
    content: |
      [Service]
        ExecStart=
        ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
  - path: /etc/docker/daemon.json
    content: |
      {
        "hosts": ["fd://","tcp://127.0.0.1:2375"]
      }
runcmd:
  - apt install openjdk-8-jre-headless -y
  - wget -q -O - https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian/jenkins-ci.org.key | sudo apt-key add -
  - sh -c 'echo deb https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/ > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jenkins.list'
  - apt-get update && apt-get install jenkins -y
  - curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
  - usermod -aG docker azureuser
  - usermod -aG docker jenkins
  - service jenkins restart

Before you can create a VM, create a resource group with az group create. The following example creates a resource group named myResourceGroupJenkins in the eastus location:

az group create --name myResourceGroupJenkins --location eastus

Now create a VM with az vm create. Use the --custom-data parameter to pass in your cloud-init config file. Provide the full path to cloud-init-jenkins.txt if you saved the file outside of your present working directory.

az vm create --resource-group myResourceGroupJenkins \
    --name myVM \
    --image UbuntuLTS \
    --admin-username azureuser \
    --generate-ssh-keys \
    --custom-data cloud-init-jenkins.txt

It takes a few minutes for the VM to be created and configured.

To allow web traffic to reach your VM, use az vm open-port to open port 8080 for Jenkins traffic and port 1337 for the Node.js app that is used to run a sample app:

az vm open-port --resource-group myResourceGroupJenkins --name myVM --port 8080 --priority 1001
az vm open-port --resource-group myResourceGroupJenkins --name myVM --port 1337 --priority 1002

Configure Jenkins

To access your Jenkins instance, obtain the public IP address of your VM:

az vm show --resource-group myResourceGroupJenkins --name myVM -d --query [publicIps] --o tsv

For security purposes, you need to enter the initial admin password that is stored in a text file on your VM to start the Jenkins install. Use the public IP address obtained in the previous step to SSH to your VM:

ssh azureuser@<publicIps>

Verify Jenkins is running using the service command:

$ service jenkins status
● jenkins.service - LSB: Start Jenkins at boot time
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/jenkins; generated)
   Active: active (exited) since Tue 2019-02-12 16:16:11 UTC; 55s ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
    Tasks: 0 (limit: 4103)
   CGroup: /system.slice/jenkins.service

Feb 12 16:16:10 myVM systemd[1]: Starting LSB: Start Jenkins at boot time...
...

View the initialAdminPassword for your Jenkins install and copy it:

sudo cat /var/lib/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword

If the file isn't available yet, wait a couple more minutes for cloud-init to complete the Jenkins and Docker install.

Now open a web browser and go to http://<publicIps>:8080. Complete the initial Jenkins setup as follows:

  • Choose Select plug-ins to install
  • Search for GitHub in the text box across the top. Check the box for GitHub, then select Install
  • Create the first admin user. Enter a username, such as admin, then provide your own secure password. Finally, type a full name and e-mail address.
  • Select Save and Finish
  • Once Jenkins is ready, select Start using Jenkins
    • If your web browser displays a blank page when you start using Jenkins, restart the Jenkins service. From your SSH session, type sudo service jenkins restart, then refresh you web browser.
  • If needed, log in to Jenkins with the username and password you created.

Create GitHub webhook

To configure the integration with GitHub, open the Node.js Hello World sample app from the Azure samples repo. To fork the repo to your own GitHub account, select the Fork button in the top right-hand corner.

Create a webhook inside the fork you created:

  • Select Settings, then select Webhooks on the left-hand side.
  • Choose Add webhook, then enter Jenkins in filter box.
  • For the Payload URL, enter http://<publicIps>:8080/github-webhook/. Make sure you include the trailing /
  • For Content type, select application/x-www-form-urlencoded.
  • For Which events would you like to trigger this webhook?, select Just the push event.
  • Set Active to checked.
  • Click Add webhook.

Add GitHub webhook to your forked repo

Create Jenkins job

To have Jenkins respond to an event in GitHub such as committing code, create a Jenkins job. Use the URLs for your own GitHub fork.

In your Jenkins website, select Create new jobs from the home page:

  • Enter HelloWorld as job name. Choose Freestyle project, then select OK.
  • Under the General section, select GitHub project and enter your forked repo URL, such as https://github.com/cynthn/nodejs-docs-hello-world
  • Under the Source code management section, select Git, enter your forked repo .git URL, such as https://github.com/cynthn/nodejs-docs-hello-world.git
  • Under the Build Triggers section, select GitHub hook trigger for GITscm polling.
  • Under the Build section, choose Add build step. Select Execute shell, then enter echo "Test" in the command window.
  • Select Save at the bottom of the jobs window.

Test GitHub integration

To test the GitHub integration with Jenkins, commit a change in your fork.

Back in GitHub web UI, select your forked repo, and then select the index.js file. Select the pencil icon to edit this file so line 6 reads:

response.end("Hello World!");

To commit your changes, select the Commit changes button at the bottom.

In Jenkins, a new build starts under the Build history section of the bottom left-hand corner of your job page. Choose the build number link and select Console output on the left-hand side. You can view the steps Jenkins takes as your code is pulled from GitHub and the build action outputs the message Test to the console. Each time a commit is made in GitHub, the webhook reaches out to Jenkins and triggers a new build in this way.

Define Docker build image

To see the Node.js app running based on your GitHub commits, lets build a Docker image to run the app. The image is built from a Dockerfile that defines how to configure the container that runs the app.

From the SSH connection to your VM, change to the Jenkins workspace directory named after the job you created in a previous step. In this example, that was named HelloWorld.

cd /var/lib/jenkins/workspace/HelloWorld

Create a file in this workspace directory with sudo sensible-editor Dockerfile and paste the following contents. Make sure that the whole Dockerfile is copied correctly, especially the first line:

FROM node:alpine

EXPOSE 1337

WORKDIR /var/www
COPY package.json /var/www/
RUN npm install
COPY index.js /var/www/

This Dockerfile uses the base Node.js image using Alpine Linux, exposes port 1337 that the Hello World app runs on, then copies the app files and initializes it.

Create Jenkins build rules

In a previous step, you created a basic Jenkins build rule that output a message to the console. Lets create the build step to use our Dockerfile and run the app.

Back in your Jenkins instance, select the job you created in a previous step. Select Configure on the left-hand side and scroll down to the Build section:

  • Remove your existing echo "Test" build step. Select the red cross on the top right-hand corner of the existing build step box.

  • Choose Add build step, then select Execute shell

  • In the Command box, enter the following Docker commands, then select Save:

    docker build --tag helloworld:$BUILD_NUMBER .
docker stop helloworld && docker rm helloworld
docker run --name helloworld -p 1337:1337 helloworld:$BUILD_NUMBER node /var/www/index.js &

The Docker build steps create an image and tag it with the Jenkins build number so you can maintain a history of images. Any existing containers running the app are stopped and then removed. A new container is then started using the image and runs your Node.js app based on the latest commits in GitHub.

Test your pipeline

To see the whole pipeline in action, edit the index.js file in your forked GitHub repo again and select Commit change. A new job starts in Jenkins based on the webhook for GitHub. It takes a few seconds to create the Docker image and start your app in a new container.

If needed, obtain the public IP address of your VM again:

az vm show --resource-group myResourceGroupJenkins --name myVM -d --query [publicIps] --o tsv

Open a web browser and enter http://<publicIps>:1337. Your Node.js app is displayed and reflects the latest commits in your GitHub fork as follows:

Running Node.js app

Now make another edit to the index.js file in GitHub and commit the change. Wait a few seconds for the job to complete in Jenkins, then refresh your web browser to see the updated version of your app running in a new container as follows:

Running Node.js app after another GitHub commit

Next steps

In this tutorial, you configured GitHub to run a Jenkins build job on each code commit and then deploy a Docker container to test your app. You learned how to:

  • Create a Jenkins VM
  • Install and configure Jenkins
  • Create webhook integration between GitHub and Jenkins
  • Create and trigger Jenkins build jobs from GitHub commits
  • Create a Docker image for your app
  • Verify GitHub commits build new Docker image and updates running app

Advance to the next tutorial to learn more about how to integrate Jenkins with Azure DevOps Services.

Deploy apps with Jenkins and Azure DevOps Services